Cited by 4,148Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune cells in cancer

Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment

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Gajewski, Thomas F, Schreiber, Hans, Fu, Yang-Xin·2013·Nature Immunology

Abstract

Most tumor cells express antigens that can mediate recognition by host CD8(+) T cells. Cancers that are detected clinically must have evaded antitumor immune responses to grow progressively. Recent work has suggested two broad categories of tumor escape based on cellular and molecular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. One major subset shows a T cell-inflamed phenotype consisting of infiltrating T cells, a broad chemokine profile and a type I interferon signature indicative of innate immune activation. These tumors appear to resist immune attack through the dominant inhibitory effects of immune system-suppressive pathways. The other major phenotype lacks this T cell-inflamed phenotype and appears to resist immune attack through immune system exclusion or ignorance. These two major phenotypes of tumor microenvironment may require distinct immunotherapeutic interventions for maximal therapeutic effect.

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Crossref · 10.1038/ni.2703

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  • Immunosuppressive cells, ranging from Tregs and B cells, are recruited during tumor progression.

    “Numerous studies have reported that immunosuppressive cells, ranging from Tregs and B cells, are recruited during tumor progression.254,255”

    From Drug repurposing for cancer therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [254]

    The Immunophenotypes of human cancer section (page unavailable) says CCL22 can recruit Treg cells, and Regulation by additional stromal components (page unavailable) also describes Treg recruitment. The Tertiary lymphoid structures section mentions B cells in tumors but does not describe them as immunosuppressive or say they are recruited during tumor progression. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • CAR-Ms promoted an inflammatory state within the tumor microenvironment and were capable of antigen cross-presentation to tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.

    “CAR-Ms promoted an inflammatory state within the TME and were capable of antigen cross-presentation to tumor-specific CD8+ T cells [135].”

    From Advances on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma (2024) · cites this paper as [135]

    The 'Innate immune system activation and dendritic cell subsets' section describes cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells, not CAR-Ms. The 'Regulation by additional stromal components' section discusses macrophages in tumors, but our copy does not address whether CAR-Ms promote an inflammatory state or cross-present antigens (searched: CAR-Ms and chimeric antigen receptor macrophages). Page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Gajewski, T. F., Schreiber, H., & Fu, Y.-X.
Affiliations
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Gajewski, Thomas F
Venue
Nature Immunology
Published
2013-09-18
Volume
14
Issue
10
Pages
1014-1022
ISSN
  • 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2916
OpenAlex
W2042699075
Cited by
4,148
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 187 · 2025: 310 · 2024: 432 · 2023: 486 · 2022: 443 · 2021: 522 · 2020: 372 · 2019: 315 · 2018: 290 · 2017: 290 · 2016: 240 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
17.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA161005, R01CA127475, R01CA118153)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
tumor microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, CD8+ T cells, immune exclusion, type I interferon signature, chemokine profile, immune checkpoint blockade, cancer immunotherapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocyte Activation, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Stromal Cells, Adaptive Immunity, Tumor Microenvironment

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