The hidden role of heterotrophic bacteria in early carbonate diagenesis
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Microbial impacts on early carbonate diagenesis, particularly the formation of Mg-carbonates at low temperatures, have long eluded scientists. Our breakthrough laboratory experiments with two species of halophilic aerobic bacteria and marine carbonate grains reveal that these bacteria created a distinctive protodolomite (disordered dolomite) rim around the grains. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the protodolomite formation, while solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed bacterial interactions with carboxylated organic matter, such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). We observed a significant carbon isotope fractionation (average δ 13 C = 11.3‰) and notable changes in Mg/Ca ratios throughout the experiments. Initial medium δ 13 C was − 18‰, sterile sediments were at 2‰ (n = 12), bacterial-altered sediments were − 6.8‰ (n = 12), and final medium δ 13 C was − 4.7‰. These results highlight the role of bacteria in driving organic carbon sequestration into Mg-rich carbonates and demonstrate the utility of NMR as a tool for detecting microbial biosignatures. This has significant implications for understanding carbonate diagenesis (dissolution and reprecipitation), climate science, and extraterrestrial research.
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Microbial activity and associated EPSs can facilitate dolomite precipitation at low temperatures by helping to overcome the kinetic barrier.
“However, numerous studies have shown that microbial activity and associated EPSs can facilitate dolomite precipitation at low temperatures by helping to overcome this kinetic barrier (e.g. Fang etal.,2023; Roberts etal.,2013; Sánchez- Román et al., 2025).”
From Microbial mediation and climatic control on dolomite precipitation in a hypersaline lake: Insights from Salinas Lake, southern Iberia (2026) · cites this paper as Sánchez- Román et al., 2025
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Reduced sediment accumulation rate enhances early marine diagenesis of periplatform sediments
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Nsengiyumva, C., Cavalazzi, B., Asrat, A., & Franchi, F. (2026) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2026.108241
Folliot, V., Porta, G. D., Mueller, M., Berra, F., Walter, B. F., Beranoaguirre, A., Riechelmann, S., Schramm, O., & Immenhauser, A. (2026) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.70154
Nohl, T., Hashim, M. S., Munnecke, A., & Wright, V. P. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105714
- Authors
- Sánchez-Román, M., Chandra, V., Mulder, S., Areias, C., Reijmer, J., & Vahrenkamp, V.
- Affiliations
- Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) (SA)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2025-01-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 561-561
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11696100
- OpenAlex
- W4406015998
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10
- FWCI
- 12.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- heterotrophic bacteria, protodolomite, carbon isotope fractionation, Mg/Ca ratio, extracellular polymeric substances, organic carbon sequestration, microbial biomarkers, microbial carbonate precipitation
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Isotopes, Carbonates, Magnesium, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Geologic Sediments, Heterotrophic Processes
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