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Cited by 246Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and InhibitionGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisCO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions

Surface chemistry allows for abiotic precipitation of dolomite at low temperature

Open access
Roberts, Jennifer A., Kenward, Paul A., Fowle, David A., Goldstein, Robert H., González, Luis A., Moore, David S.·2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1305403110PMC PMC3767548
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Abstract

Although the mineral dolomite is abundant in ancient low-temperature sedimentary systems, it is scarce in modern systems below 50 °C. Chemical mechanism(s) enhancing its formation remain an enigma because abiotic dolomite has been challenging to synthesize at low temperature in laboratory settings. Microbial enhancement of dolomite precipitation at low temperature has been reported; however, it is still unclear exactly how microorganisms influence reaction kinetics. Here we document the abiotic synthesis of low-temperature dolomite in laboratory experiments and constrain possible mechanisms for dolomite formation. Ancient and modern seawater solution compositions, with identical pH and pCO2, were used to precipitate an ordered, stoichiometric dolomite phase at 30 °C in as few as 20 d. Mg-rich phases nucleate exclusively on carboxylated polystyrene spheres along with calcite, whereas aragonite forms in solution via homogeneous nucleation. We infer that Mg ions are complexed and dewatered by surface-bound carboxyl groups, thus decreasing the energy required for carbonation. These results indicate that natural surfaces, including organic matter and microbial biomass, possessing a high density of carboxyl groups may be a mechanism by which ordered dolomite nuclei form. Although environments rich in organic matter may be of interest, our data suggest that sharp biogeochemical interfaces that promote microbial death, as well as those with high salinity may, in part, control carboxyl-group density on organic carbon surfaces, consistent with origin of dolomites from microbial biofilms, as well as hypersaline and mixing zone environments.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1305403110

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

1 of 25 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingcitation

    In the MSW and SSW experiments, differing sulfate content did not significantly impact precipitation of Mg-bearing carbonates.

    “In the MSW and SSW experiments, the differing sulfate content did not significantly impact precipitation of Mg-bearing carbonates.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data
    § Surface chemistry allows for abiotic precipitation of dolomite at low temperature

    An ordered, stoichiometric dolomite phase precipitated abiotically at 30 °C in as few as 20 d from ancient and modern seawater solution compositions with identical pH and pCO2.

    “Ancient and modern seawater solution compositions, with identical pH and pCO 2 , were used to precipitate an ordered, stoichiometric dolomite phase at 30 °C in as few as 20 d.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    HRTEM-based EDX spectroscopy reveals a predominance of Mg-rich phases at sphere surfaces characteristic of both dolomite (Mg:Ca = 1) and a phase with Mg:Ca ratios greater than 1.

    “HRTEM-based energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy reveals a predominance of Mg-rich phases at sphere surfaces characteristic of both dolomite (Mg:Ca = 1) and a phase with Mg:Ca ratios greater than 1.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    All solutions were initially supersaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite.

    “All solutions were initially supersaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite (Table 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Table 1

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingown data

    Experimental vessels containing MSW produced aragonite and calcite.

    “Experimental vessels containing MSW produced aragonite and calcite.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 24
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 5

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Acetic acid treatment of SSW precipitates revealed low yields of Mg calcite (19-49 mol % Mg) and disordered (64-75 mol % Mg) and ordered dolomite.

    “Precipitates treated with weak acetic acid to remove Ca carbonates (e.g., 24) revealed low yields [based on Xray diffraction (XRD) intensity] of Mg calcite (19-49 mol % Mg; calculated from XRD with 3; % MgCO 3 = [(-363.96*d-spacing)+ 1,104.5])and disordered (64-75 mol % Mg; calculated from XRD with 3) and ordered dolomite [CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ] (Fig. 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [24] 24. Roberts JA, Bennett PC, González LA, Macpherson GL, Milliken KL (2004) Precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater. Geology 32(4):277-280. source
    • cites [3] 3. Arvidson RS, MacKenzie FT (1999) The dolomite problem: Control of precipitation kinetics by temperature and saturation state. Am J Sci 299:257-288. source

      The Methods passage describes calculating Mg-calcite composition from XRD d-spacing and gives a regression close to the one cited, though its intercept is 1104.05 rather than 1104.5. It does not establish the cited XRD method for calculating disordered-dolomite composition. The SSW yields and composition ranges are the citing paper’s reported results, not findings attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The precipitated mineral suite is a function of solution composition, whereas surface carboxyl-group density dictated the kinetics of precipitation, with 10 sites Å-2 spheres (20.3 μm) exhibiting slightly faster precipitation kinetics and, in general, more crystalline Mg-bearing phases.

    “Our data indicate that the precipitated mineral suite is a function of solution composition, whereas surface carboxyl-group density dictated the kinetics of precipitation, with 10 sites Å -2 spheres (20.3 μm) exhibiting slightly faster precipitation kinetics (Fig. 1), and, in general, more crystalline Mg-bearing phases.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data
    § Surface chemistry allows for abiotic precipitation of dolomite at low temperature

    Mg-rich phases nucleate exclusively on carboxylated polystyrene spheres along with calcite, whereas aragonite forms in solution via homogeneous nucleation.

    “Mg-rich phases nucleate exclusively on carboxylated polystyrene spheres along with calcite, whereas aragonite forms in solution via homogeneous nucleation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    SEM and HRTEM analysis demonstrate that microspheres are thinly coated with minerals and serve as points of nucleation for nanocrystalline mineral aggregates, whereas larger aragonite crystals precipitate in the pore space.

    “Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and HRTEM analysis demonstrate that microspheres are thinly coated with minerals (Fig. 4) and serve as points of nucleation for nanocrystalline mineral aggregates (Fig. 5; see discussion below), whereas larger aragonite crystals (identified based on elemental analyses and crystal structure) precipitate in the pore space (Fig. 4).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In all experimental vessels, changes in pH and CO3 2- did not vary from the control within measurement error, whereas Mg:Ca and the degree of supersaturation for calcite, aragonite, and dolomite decreased more than control values after 20 d.

    “In all experimental vessels changes in pH and CO 3 2-values did not vary from the control within the error of measurement whereas values of Mg: Ca and degree of supersaturation for calcite, aragonite, and dolomite decreased (Fig. 1) more than control values after the 20-d period.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Control vessels for SSW produced aragonite and calcite; control vessels for MSW produced only aragonite.

    “Control vessels for SSW produced aragonite (CaCO 3 ), and calcite (CaCO 3 ); control vessels for MSW produced only aragonite.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Acetic acid treatment of MSW precipitates revealed extremely low yields of Mg calcite (5-42 mol % Mg) and disordered dolomite (50-51 and 61-75 mol % Mg), likely due to Mg binding to the sphere surface.

    “Acetic acid treatments revealed extremely low yields of Mg calcite (5-42 mol % Mg) and disordered dolomite (50-51mol % Mg and, 61-75 mol % Mg), likely due to Mg binding to the sphere surface, thus decreasing the available Mg in solution (25).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. Lippmann F (1973) Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals (Springer, New York), p 228. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Surface-associated carbonate precipitates form as nanoparticles with fine-scale layering, and HRTEM with SAED shows lattice fringes of 2.89 Å [211].

    “Surface-associated carbonate precipitates form as nanoparticles with fine-scale layering, and HRTEM with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) of precipitates shows lattice fringes of 2.89 Å [211] (Fig. 6).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    All experimental vessels containing SSW produced aragonite and calcite, with a smaller peak consistent with dolomite.

    “All experimental vessels containing SSW produced aragonite and calcite, with a smaller peak that is consistent with dolomite (Fig. 2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    A viable abiotic mechanism for primary dolomite nucleation relies on the carboxyl-group density of surfaces to overcome the limitation of Mg dehydration, and such surfaces contribute to stabilization of nanocrystals, limiting dissolution, and promoting crystallinity.

    “We have identified a viable abiotic mechanism for primary dolomite nucleation that relies on the carboxyl-group density of surfaces as a means to overcome the limitation of Mg dehydration and that such surfaces contribute to stabilization of nanocrystals, limiting dissolution, and promoting crystallinity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The reaction of Mg(H2O)6 2+ with R-COO- lowers the energy needed for carbonation and subsequent attachment of Ca2+ when the Mg(H2O)5 2+ complex is bound to an RCOO- group compared with dewatering and carbonation of Mg(H2O)6 2+; ΔG is 13.6 kcal mol-1 lower when Mg is dehydrated and bound to RCOO-.

    “This reaction lowers the energy needed for carbonation and the subsequent attachment of Ca 2+ when the Mg(H 2 O) 5 2+ complex is bound to an RCOO -group compared with dewatering and carbonation of Mg(H 2 O) 6 2+ (ΔG is 13.6 kcal mol -1 lower when Mg is dehydrated and bound to RCOO -; 28).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [28] 28. Katz AK, Glusker JP, Markham GD, Bock CW (1998) Deprotonation of water in the presence of carboxylate and magnesium ions. J Phys Chem B 102(33):6342-6350. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Our data support a surface-nucleated mechanism for EPS in the presence of supersaturated solutions and provide a quantifiable mechanism for the data and observed relationships between dolomite and EPS reported in the literature.

    “Our data support a surface-nucleated mechanism for EPS in the presence of supersaturated solutions and provide a quantifiable mechanism for the data and observed relationships between dolomite and EPS reported in the literature.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Organic matter is a typical constituent of carbonate rocks and a potential source of carboxylated surfaces that can bind and dehydrate dissolved Mg ions and facilitate dolomitization.

    “Organic matter is a typical constituent of carbonate rocks and a potential source of carboxylated surfaces that can bind and dehydrate dissolved Mg ions (30) and facilitate dolomitization (Table 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] 30. Sikiri c MD, Füredi-Milhofer H (2006) The influence of surface active molecules on the crystallization of biominerals in solution. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 128-130:135-158. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Surface carboxyl functional groups adsorb Mg2+ enabling formation of a [Mg(H2O)5(R-COO)]+ complex, which results in ejection of a water molecule.

    “Surface carboxyl functional groups, however, have been demonstrated to adsorb Mg 2+ enabling the formation of a [Mg(H 2 O) 5 (R-COO)] + complex, which results in the ejection of a water molecule (27):”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [27] 27. Kluge S, Weston J (2005) Can a hydroxide ligand trigger a change in the coordination number of magnesium ions in biological systems? Biochemistry 44(12):4877-4885. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Mixing zone environments and changing-salinity environments such as sabkhas may promote dolomitization via carboxyl-group density increases resulting from salinity changes.

    “Mixing zone environments (34) and changing-salinity environments such as sabkhas (35) may promote dolomitization via carboxyl-group density increases resulting from salinity changes (36).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [34] 34. Badiozamani K (1973) The Dorag dolomitization model-application to the Middle Ordovician of Wisconsin. J Sediment Petrol 43(4):965-984. source
    • cites [35] 35. Müller DW, McKenzie JA, Mueller PA (1990) Abu Dhabi sabkha Persian Gulf revisited: Application of strontium isotopes to test an early dolomitization model. Geology 18(7):618-662. source
    • cites [36] 36. Kinnebrew N (2012) Metal sorption onto halophilic Archaea. MS thesis (Univ of Kansas, Lawrence).

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Surface chemistry allows for abiotic precipitation of dolomite at low temperature

    Mg ions are complexed and dewatered by surface-bound carboxyl groups, decreasing the energy required for carbonation.

    “We infer that Mg ions are complexed and dewatered by surface-bound carboxyl groups, thus decreasing the energy required for carbonation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [27] 27. Kluge S, Weston J (2005) Can a hydroxide ligand trigger a change in the coordination number of magnesium ions in biological systems? Biochemistry 44(12):4877-4885. source
    • cites [28] 28. Katz AK, Glusker JP, Markham GD, Bock CW (1998) Deprotonation of water in the presence of carboxylate and magnesium ions. J Phys Chem B 102(33):6342-6350. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Because our model does not require metabolic activity, only solution supersaturation achieved by any means, it extends beyond microbial surfaces; any type of organic matter with sufficient carboxyl-site density is capable of seeding dolomite precipitation.

    “Because our model does not require metabolic activity, only solution supersaturation achieved by any means, it extends beyond microbial surfaces as we propose that any type of organic matter with sufficient carboxyl-site density is capable of seeding dolomite precipitation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Mg:Ca ratios less than 2, such as those thought to have existed in Cambrian-through-Devonian and Cretaceous seawater, promote calcite and dolomite precipitation; Mg:Ca ratios greater than 2, such as those thought to have existed in Permo-Carboniferous, Triassic, and Neogene seawater, promote aragonite precipitates.

    “Mg:Ca ratios less than 2, such as those thought to have existed in Cambrian-through-Devonian and Cretaceous seawater (21; and modeled with SSW solution in this study), promote calcite and dolomite precipitation.Mg:Ca ratios greater than 2, such as those thought to have existed in the Permo-Carboniferous, Triassic, and Neogene seawater (21; and modeled with MSW solution in this study) promote arag”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] 21. Wilkinson BH, Given KR (1986) Secular variation in abiotic marine carbonates: con- straints on Phanerozoic atmospheric carbon dioxide contents and oceanic Mg/Ca ratios. J Geol 94(3):321-333. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Replicate experimental vessels were analyzed at 5, 10, and 20 d.

    “Replicate experimental vessels were analyzed at 5, 10, and 20 d.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Salinity and pCO2 were identical for both solutions.

    “Salinity and pCO 2 (speciated from measured pH and titrated alkalinity using PhreeqC; 23) were identical for both solutions (Table 1; 21).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [23] 23. Parkhurst DL, Appelo CAJ (1999) PHREEQC v.2, USGS WRI Report 99-4259.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [21] 21. Wilkinson BH, Given KR (1986) Secular variation in abiotic marine carbonates: con- straints on Phanerozoic atmospheric carbon dioxide contents and oceanic Mg/Ca ratios. J Geol 94(3):321-333. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Although carboxylated surfaces facilitate precipitation of dolomite nuclei at low temperature, solution chemistry fundamentally controls the reactions.

    “Although the presence of carboxylated surfaces facilitates precipitation of dolomite nuclei at low temperature, solution chemistry fundamentally controls the reactions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Control vessels contained no polystyrene spheres and were analyzed at 20 d.

    “Control vessels contained no polystyrene spheres and were analyzed at 20 d.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Abiotic precipitation of low-temperature dolomite reported here clarifies geology's 'dolomite problem,' and is not only consistent with, but identifies, mechanisms operative in previous studies implicating microorganisms in this process.

    “Abiotic precipitation of low-temperature dolomite reported here clarifies geology's “dolomite problem,” and is not only consistent with, but identifies, mechanisms operative in previous studies implicating microorganisms in this process.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Experimental solutions were sterilized before use.

    “Solutions were then sterilized and dispensed into 60-mL serum bottles.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Environments that lead to accelerated cell turnover or death, changing or high salinity, or certain settings of weathering product delivery may be the ones where highly carboxylated surfaces are generated.

    “It may be that environments that lead to accelerated cell turnover or death, changing or high salinity, or certain settings of weathering product delivery may be the ones where highly carboxylated surfaces are generated.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The results demonstrate the need to concentrate organic surface functional groups as seeds for dolomite nucleation, which would ultimately form nuclei for more extensive dolomitization of carbonate rocks and sediments during later fluid migration.

    “It demonstrates the need to concentrate organic surface functional groups as seeds for dolomite nucleation, which would ultimately form the nuclei for more extensive dolomitization of carbonate rocks and sediments during later times of fluid migration.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.
26 of 26

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Carboxylated polystyrene microspheres are adequate models for natural organic surfaces, including microbial EPS, in dolomite nucleation.

    “Here we report an example of abiotic laboratory precipitation of dolomite at 30 °C by nucleation on synthetic, carboxylated surfaces, used as models for natural organic surfaces including microbial EPS.”
1 of 1

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The main kinetic factors that inhibit the nucleation or precipitation of dolomite at low temperatures are the high hydration energy of the magnesium ion, the presence of sulfate (even in very low concentrations) related to the formation of complex MgSO4^0, and the low activity of CO3 in most natural solutions.

    “the main kinetic factors that inhibit the nucleation or precipitation of dolomite at low temperatures are thought to include: (1) the high hydration energy of the magnesium ion [22,45,51,66,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80]; (2) the presence of sulfate (even in very low concentrations), related to the formation of complex MgSO 4 0 [32,74,81,82]; and (3) the low activity of CO 2- 3 in most natural solut”

    From Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Dolomite Formation: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

    The introduction (page unavailable) lists cation desolvation, sulfate inhibition, and lack of solution supersaturation as proposed barriers to low-temperature dolomite formation. The paper does not establish inhibition by sulfate at very low concentrations or specifically attribute it to MgSO₄ complex formation; its Dolomite Identification section reports no significant effect from the sulfate differences tested. Nor does it state that CO₃ activity is low in most natural solutions. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Carboxyl moieties within the EPS matrix are major functional groups that accelerate Mg2+ dehydration.

    “Furthermore, carboxyl moieties within EPS matrix were identified as the major functional groups to accelerate Mg 2+ dehydration (Wang et al., 2009;Roberts et al., 2013;Zhang et al., 2015).”

    From Catalytic effect of microbially-derived carboxylic acids on the precipitation of Mg-calcite and disordered dolomite: Implications for sedimentary dolomite formation (2020) · cites this paper as Roberts et al., 2013

    In “Dolomite Identification” (page not supplied), the paper explains that surface-bound carboxyl groups can displace water from Mg²⁺ and proposes this mechanism for EPS-associated dolomite nucleation. Its experiments used carboxylated microspheres, however; it does not identify carboxyl moieties within an EPS matrix as the major functional groups accelerating Mg²⁺ dehydration. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In the metal-chelation model, electronegative carboxyl functional groups can bind and partially dewater Mg2+-H2O complexes, generating Mg2+-carboxyl group complexes.

    “In the first model, it has suggested that electronegative carboxyl functional groups can bind and partially dewater Mg 2+ -H2O complexes, generating Mg 2+ -carboxyl group complexes.”

    From Experimental evidence for abiotic formation of low-temperature proto-dolomite facilitated by clay minerals (2019) · cites this paper as Roberts et al., 2013

  • Mg2+-carboxyl complex requires much lower energy for carbonation than Mg2+-H2O complex.

    “Mg 2+ -carboxyl complex requires much lower energy for carbonation than Mg 2+ -H2O complex”

    From Experimental evidence for abiotic formation of low-temperature proto-dolomite facilitated by clay minerals (2019) · cites this paper as Roberts et al., 2013

  • Mg-carboxyl clusters require less energy for carbonation and subsequent attachment of Ca2+ compared to Mg-H2O complexes.

    “Importantly, Mg-carboxyl clusters require less energy for carbonation and subsequent attachment of Ca 2+ compared to Mg-H2O complexes (Kenward et al., 2013;Roberts et al., 2013;Qiu et al., 2017).”

    From A non-classical crystallization mechanism of microbially-induced disordered dolomite (2024) · cites this paper as Roberts et al., 2013

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Experimental temperature is reported as both 25 °C and 30 °C

    Major

    The significance statement says dolomite was synthesized at 25 °C, but the experimental protocol specifies 30 °C. The temperature of the reported synthesis is therefore inconsistent.

  • MSW leachates are characterized despite being reported below detection

    Major

    The results assign mineral phases and magnesium percentages to acid-treated MSW precipitates, while the figure caption says those leachates were below the instrument's detection limit.

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Kinnebrew N (2012) Metal sorption onto halophilic Archaea. MS thesis (Univ of Kansas Lawrence).
  2. , eds LS Clesceri, AE Greenberg, AD Eaton (American Public Health Association, 20th Ed, Washington, DC) Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater, pp. 1325 (1999).

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Related

Authors
Roberts, J. A., Kenward, P. A., Fowle, D. A., Goldstein, R. H., González, L. A., & Moore, D. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Kansas (US)
  • Department of Geology and
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2013-08-20
Volume
110
Issue
36
Pages
14540-14545
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1305403110
PMC
PMC3767548
OpenAlex
W2066115290
Cited by
246
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 20
FWCI
6.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
Keywords
surface chemistry, carboxyl groups, polystyrene microspheres, magnesium complexation, carbonation, nucleation, calcite, aragonite, biofilm, dolomite origin, seawater chemistry, reaction kinetics
MeSH terms
Bacteria, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Environmental Microbiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Magnesium, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Models, Chemical, Chemical Precipitation, Seawater, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Surface Properties, Temperature, X-Ray Diffraction, Bioreactors, Salinity

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