The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Artificial intelligence-enabled ECG for left ventricular diastolic function and filling pressure
Open accessAbstract
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function plays a major role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac diseases, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) model to identify echocardiographically determined diastolic dysfunction and increased filling pressure. We trained, validated, and tested an AI-enabled ECG in 98,736, 21,963, and 98,763 patients, respectively, who had an ECG and echocardiographic diastolic function assessment within 14 days with no exclusion criteria. It was also tested in 55,248 patients with indeterminate diastolic function by echocardiography. The model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, and its prognostic performance was compared to echocardiography. The AUC for detecting increased filling pressure was 0.911. The AUCs to identify diastolic dysfunction grades ≥1, ≥2, and 3 were 0.847, 0.911, and 0.943, respectively. During a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 20,223 (20.5%) died. Patients with increased filling pressure predicted by AI-ECG had higher mortality than those with normal filling pressure, after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities in the test group (hazard ratio (HR) 1.7, 95% CI 1.645–1.757) similar to echocardiography and in the indeterminate group (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.298–1.383). An AI-enabled ECG identifies increased filling pressure and diastolic function grades with a good prognostic value similar to echocardiography. AI-ECG is a simple and promising tool to enhance the detection of diseases associated with diastolic dysfunction and increased diastolic filling pressure.
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“More recent studies have extended this concept by using AI-ECG to predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and increased filling pressures [25] and HFpEF-related risk [26].”
From Deep Learning Applied to 12-Lead ECGs for Detection of Structural, Metabolic and Systemic Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
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Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Ferreira, J. P., Bocchi, E., Böhm, M., Brunner–La Rocca, H.-P., Choi, D.-J., Chopra, V., Chuquiure-Valenzuela, E., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2107038 · Cited by 4,874
Trends in Prevalence and Outcome of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Owan, T., Hodge, D. O., Herges, R. M., Jacobsen, S. J., Roger, V. L., & Redfield, M. M. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052256 · Cited by 4,209
Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction
Solomon, S. D., McMurray, J. J. V., Claggett, B., de Boer, R. A., DeMets, D., Hernandez, A. F., Inzucchi, S. E., Kosiborod, M. N., Lam, C. S. P., Martinez, F., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2206286 · Cited by 2,884
Nagueh, S. F., Smiseth, O. A., Appleton, C. P., Byrd, B. F., Dokainish, H., Edvardsen, T., Flachskampf, F. A., Gillebert, T. C., Klein, A. L., Lancellotti, P., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jew082 · Cited by 2,471
Self-citationPieske, B. M., Tschöpe, C., de Boer, R. A., Fraser, A. G., Anker, S. D., Donal, E., Edelmann, F., Fu, M. L. X., Guazzi, M., Lam, C. S. P., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641 · Cited by 1,961
Attia, Z. I., Noseworthy, P. A., Lopez-Jimenez, F., Asirvatham, S. J., Deshmukh, A. J., Gersh, B. J., Carter, R. E., Yao, X., Rabinstein, A. A., Erickson, B. J., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31721-0 · Cited by 1,613
Self-citationThe Lancet women and cardiovascular disease Commission: reducing the global burden by 2030
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Attia, Z. I., Kapa, S., Lopez-Jimenez, F., McKie, P. M., Ladewig, D. J., Satam, G., Pellikka, P. A., Enriquez-Sarano, M., Noseworthy, P. A., Munger, T. M., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0240-2 · Cited by 1,389
Self-citationThe pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Borlaug, B. A. (2014) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.83 · Cited by 726
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Self-citationSvennberg, E., Han, J. K., Caiani, E. G., Engelhardt, S., Ernst, S., Friedman, P. A., Garcia, R., Ghanbari, H., Hindricks, G., Man, S. H., et al. (2025) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaf071 · Cited by 98
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, E., Ito, S., Miranda, W. R., Lopez-Jimenez, F., Kane, G. C., Asirvatham, S. J., Noseworthy, P. A., Friedman, P. A., Carter, R. E., Borlaug, B. A., Attia, Z. I., & Oh, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Oh, Jae K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- npj Digital Medicine
- Published
- 2024-01-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-4
- ISSN
- 2398-6352 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10770308
- OpenAlex
- W4390630205
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 18
- FWCI
- 31.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Digital Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Keywords
- left ventricular diastolic function, diastolic dysfunction, filling pressure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, echocardiography, mortality prediction, prognostic value, heart disease diagnosis
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