Cited by 40Evolution and Paleontology StudiesGenetic diversity and population structurePaleontology and Evolutionary Biology

Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene ‘horned’ crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus

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Hekkala, E., Gatesy, J., Narechania, A., Meredith, R., Russello, M., Aardema, M. L., Jensen, E., Montanari, S. +3 more·2021·Communications Biology

Abstract

Ancient DNA is transforming our ability to reconstruct historical patterns and mechanisms shaping modern diversity and distributions. In particular, molecular data from extinct Holocene island faunas have revealed surprising biogeographic scenarios. Here, we recovered partial mitochondrial (mt) genomes for 1300–1400 year old specimens ( n = 2) of the extinct “horned” crocodile, Voay robustus , collected from Holocene deposits in southwestern Madagascar. Phylogenetic analyses of partial mt genomes and tip-dated timetrees based on molecular, fossil, and stratigraphic data favor a sister group relationship between Voay and Crocodylus (true crocodiles). These well supported trees conflict with recent morphological systematic work that has consistently placed Voay within Osteolaeminae (dwarf crocodiles and kin) and provide evidence for likely homoplasy in crocodylian cranial anatomy and snout shape. The close relationship between Voay and Crocodylus lends additional context for understanding the biogeographic origins of these genera and refines competing hypotheses for the recent extinction of Voay from Madagascar.

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  • The analysis of mitochondrial genomes aligns with previously dated phylogenies of Crocodylia.

    “Our analysis of mitochondrial genomes (figure 1) aligns with previously dated phylogenies of Crocodylia [35,48], supporting and consolidating our picture of crocodilian evolution.”

    From Mitogenomic Crocodylia phylogeny and population structure of <i>Crocodylus porosus</i> including the extinct Seychelles crocodile (2026) · cites this paper as [48]

    The Results (page not provided) say the mitochondrial analyses corroborate previously supported relationships among the nine extant crocodylian genera. But they also say the mitochondrial trees contradict earlier analyses that placed Voay with osteolaemines; the paper does not establish general agreement with previously dated phylogenies. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • This consistency between molecular clock estimates reinforces the hypothesis that Voay represents a sister lineage to the crown Crocodylus, diverging around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary.

    “This consistency between molecular clock estimates reinforces the hypothesis that Voay represents a sister lineage to the crown Crocodylus, diverging around the Oligocene-Miocene boundary.”
  • Our estimated node age of 24.54 Ma for the Crocodylus crown group is consistent with the divergence between Voay robustus and Crocodylus at approximately 24.9 Ma reported by Hekkala et al. [48].

    “Our estimated node age of 24.54 Ma for the Crocodylus crown group is consistent with the divergence between Voay robustus and Crocodylus at approximately 24.9 Ma reported by Hekkala et al. [48].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [1]Willerslev E Cooper A Ancient DNA Proc. Biol. Sci. 2005 272 3 16 15875564 PMC1634942

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Authors
Hekkala, E., Gatesy, J., Narechania, A., Meredith, R., Russello, M., Aardema, M. L., Jensen, E., Montanari, S., Brochu, C., Norell, M., & Amato, G.
Affiliations
  • American Museum of Natural History (US)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author
Hekkala, E.
Venue
Communications Biology
Published
2021-04-27
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
505-505
ISSN
2399-3642 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3159277718
Cited by
39
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6
FWCI
5.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Communications Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (1725932, 1931213, 1556701)
  • Fordham University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Keywords
Madagascar, mitochondrial genome, ancient DNA, Crocodylus, biogeography, extinction, tip-dating
MeSH terms
DNA, Ancient, Alligators and Crocodiles, Animals, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Madagascar, Paleontology, Phylogeny, Genomics, Extinction, Biological

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