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Bacteria as Multicellular Organisms
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“Even the interaction with the surrounding environment can be crucial for defining cellular cooperation and the evolution of microbial communities [16,17,18,19,20].”
From Microbiota of Cheese Ecosystems: A Perspective on Cheesemaking (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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Items 501–530 of 530
Coupled effects on the transport and deposition of biocolloidal particles in saturated porous media
Zhang, H. (2016) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3rr1ps1q
Cooperative Problem Solving in Telecommunication Network
Rakesh, S. K., Choudhary, B., & Sandhu, R. (2013) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.24297/ijmit.v4i3.4548
Cinquin, C. (2005) · Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval)
Collective Information Processing and Pattern Formation in swarms, flocks and crowdsPreprint
Moussaïd, M., Garnier, S., Guy Theraulaz, A., & Helbing, D. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1005.3507
Stability Analysis of Population Dynamics Model in Microbial Biofilms with Non-participating StrainsPreprint
Banerjee, J., Ranjan, T., & Layek, R. K. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.06107
“A plethora of cooperative processes, such as fruiting body formation [32], summative secretion of EPS [6], biosurfactants [29], virulence factors [37], etc.”
BackgroundRedefining hygiene in practice : addressing emerging health risks in home microecologies
Wakefield‐Rann, R. (2019) · UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)
Militello, G. (2021) · Communities in ADDI (Universidad del Pais Vasco)
Rosslenbroich, B. (2005) · Goetheanum · doi:10.18756/edn.82.107
Jacobs, A. (2007) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Sonea, S., & Mathieu, L. G. (2000) · Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pum.14305
Growth instabilities shape morphology and genetic diversity of cellular aggregatesPreprint
Golden, A., Dukovski, I., Segrè, D., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.28.486080
“Despite their apparent simplicity, microbial colonies could produce intricate spatial patterns that depend on both the species and the growth conditions [10, 16, 19, 34].”
BackgroundConsidine, D. M., & Considine, G. D. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6918-0_2
Information processing subsystems internal transducer signaling within the system
(1995) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830400304
Escherichia coli self-organizes developmental rosettesPreprint
Puri, D., & Allison, K. R. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.557913
Крупянский, Ю. Ф., Generalova, A. A., Коваленко, В. В., et al. (2023) · Химическая физика · doi:10.31857/s0207401x23060067
Killing and Aggregation of Bacteria in Solution by Charged Colloids
Dong, X., Wang, H., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c04104
An agent-based model of metabolic signaling oscillations in Bacillus subtilis biofilms
Mulder, O., Kostman, M. P., Almodaimegh, A., Edge, M. D., & Larkin, J. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013746 · Cited by 1
“These group phenomena have led some researchers to assert that biofilms represent a transition between single-celled and multicellular life [18,19].”
Prokaryotic Intercellular Signalling
Fuqua, C., & White, D. A. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0998-9_2
Giant multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes in marine sediments
Turrini, E. C. A., Godon, C., Bergot, M., Alonso, B., Lambert, S., Gachon, E., Menguy, N., Fouteau, S., Klumpp, S., Lefèvre, C. T., et al. (2026) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrag017
“James Shapiro stands as a pioneering figure in challenging this prevailing paradigm, highlighting the existence of bacteria that can be categorized as multicellular in terms of their structural cohesion, molecular communication, and division of labor [5].”
Modéliser l'évolution de la relation génotype-phénotypes dans des réseaux de régulation
Andreas, O. D. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d2267aeaz6c6bz4002z996cz187e5be7f51d
Regulation and synthesis of EPS production in Myxococcus xanthus
Alvarez, I. V. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3da738efz2f8ez468az9af8z5e5a3062baae
Advanced microscopies for the study of motility behavior in predating Myxococcus xanthus
Rombouts, S. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/878d2581z340dz4dcdz9096zb809379f14a5 · Cited by 1
Self-generated trail networks promote aggregation in multicellular bacteria Myxococcus xanthus
Lopez, C. M., Rivera‐Yoshida, N., Arzola, A. V., Hernández, A. A. H., & Benítez, M. (2026) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.251889
Metadata
- Authors
- Shapiro, J. A.
- Corresponding author
- Shapiro, James A.
- ORCID
- Shapiro, James A.
- Venue
- Scientific American
- Published
- 1988-06
- Volume
- 258
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 82-89
- ISSN
- 0036-8733 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037294630
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scientific American (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- bacteria, multicellularity, bacterial aggregation, bacterial social behavior, biofilm
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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