A global database on freshwater fish species occurrence in drainage basins
Open accessAbstract
A growing interest is devoted to global-scale approaches in ecology and evolution that examine patterns and determinants of species diversity and the threats resulting from global change. These analyses obviously require global datasets of species distribution. Freshwater systems house a disproportionately high fraction of the global fish diversity considering the small proportion of the earth’s surface that they occupy, and are one of the most threatened habitats on Earth. Here we provide complete species lists for 3119 drainage basins covering more than 80% of the Earth surface using 14953 fish species inhabiting permanently or occasionally freshwater systems. The database results from an extensive survey of native and non-native freshwater fish species distribution based on 1436 published papers, books, grey literature and web-based sources. Alone or in combination with further datasets on species biological and ecological characteristics and their evolutionary history, this database represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater macroecology, macroevolution, biogeography and conservation.
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A global database of freshwater fish distributions in 3,119 drainage basins shows that 8,128 inter-basin introductions of 745 alien species, of approximately 15,000 freshwater fish species globally, have led to established alien populations.
“A global database of freshwater fish distributions in 3,119 drainage basins shows that 8,128 inter‐basin introductions of 745 alien species (of ∼15,000 freshwater fish species globally) have led to established alien populations (Tedesco et al., 2017).”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as Tedesco et al., 2017
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredComprehensive accounts are now available on established and/or invasive alien species of vascular plants, bryophytes, terrestrial snails, ants, spiders, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
“Comprehensive accounts are now available on established and/or invasive alien species of vascular plants (van Kleunen et al., 2015, 2019; Pyšek et al., 2017b ), bryophytes (Essl et al., 2015), terrestrial snails (Capinha et al., 2015), ants, spiders [see Dawson et al., 2017 and references therein], fishes (Tedesco et al., 2017), amphibians (Capinha et al., 2017), reptiles (Kraus, 2009, 2015; Capin”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as Tedesco et al., 2017
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Time for decisive actions to protect freshwater ecosystems from global changes
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“MM and TS were supported by Environment Research and 389 Technology Development Fund (4-1602) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.”
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Self-citationComparing diversification rates in lakes, rivers, and the sea
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“Surprisingly, riverine and marine fishes have similar rates of diversification, despite the expectations that these habitats have opposite effects on speciation (Horn 1972; May 1994; Grosberg et al. 2012; Tedesco et al. 2017a).”
BackgroundInfluentialGlobal freshwater fish invasion linked to the presence of closely related species
Xu, M., Li, S., Liu, C.-L., Tedesco, P., Dick, J., Fang, M., Wei, H., Yu, F., Shu, L., Wang, X.-J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45736-8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationMiller, E. C., & Román‐Palacios, C. (2021) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13253 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Radinger, J., & García‐Berthou, E. (2020) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15320 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Major shifts in biogeographic regions of freshwater fishes as evidence of the Anthropocene epoch
Leroy, B., Bellard, C., Dias, M. S., Hugueny, B., Jezequel, C., Leprieur, F., Oberdorff, T., Robuchon, M., & Tedesco, P. A. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi5502 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Tedesco et al. ( 26 ) defined an introduction as an established nonnative occurrence and an extirpation as the documented disappearance of a species from a drainage basin.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationIntroduced and invasive alien species of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Islands
Leihy, R. I., Peake, L., Clarke, D. A., Chown, S., & Mcgeoch, M. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02113-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Bremerich, V., de Wever, A., Jähnig, S., Martens, K., Strackbein, J., Tockner, K., & Hering, D. (2019) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-019-03985-5 · Cited by 34
Grenié, M., Violle, C., & Munoz, F. (2020) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105970 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Qian, H., Cao, Y., Li, D.-J., Chu, C., Sandel, B., & Wang, X.-L. (2020) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.05280 · Cited by 31
Bernery, C., Bellard, C., Courchamp, F., Brosse, S., & Leroy, B. (2024) · Ecological Processes · doi:10.1186/s13717-024-00495-8 · Cited by 30
“This bias could be corrected by using the number of basins, though we only had this information for the establishment step (Tedesco et al. 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSu, G.-H., Tedesco, P., Toussaint, A., Villéger, S., & Brosse, S. (2022) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13455 · Cited by 30
Self-citationBorthagaray, A. I., de Mello, F. T., Tesitore, G., Ortiz, E., Illarze, M., Pinelli, V., Urtado, L., Raftópulos, P., González‐Bergonzoni, I., Abades, S. R., et al. (2020) · Freshwater Biology · doi:10.1111/fwb.13603 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Threats of dams to the persistence of the world's freshwater fishes
Keijzer, T., Barbarossa, V., Marques, A., Carvajal‐Quintero, J. D., Huijbregts, M. A. J., & Schipper, A. M. (2024) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.17166 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“We calculated the geographic range size of each fish species per hydrological basin only including species-basin combinations as confirmed by Tedesco et al. (2017), to prevent spatial or taxonomic errors in the IUCN data to bias the basin-level range size estimates.”
BackgroundMethodJerde, C., Mahon, A., Campbell, T., McElroy, M. E., Pin, K., Childress, J., Armstrong, M. N., Zehnpfennig, J., Kelson, S., Koning, A., et al. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13131767 · Cited by 29
Completeness of national freshwater fish species inventories around the world
Pelayo-Villamil, P., Guisande, C., Manjarrés-Hernández, A., Jiménez, L. F., Granado-Lorencio, C., García-Roselló, E., Gonzalez‐Dacosta, J., Heine, J., González-Vilas, L., & Lobo, J. (2018) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-018-1630-y · Cited by 29
Putting the fish into inland fisheries – A global allocation of historic inland fish catch
Ainsworth, R. F., Cowx, I., & Funge-Smith, S. (2023) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/faf.12725 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Assessing the short-term response of fish assemblages to damming of an Amazonian river
dos Santos, J. A., Silva, C. B., de Santana, H. S., Cano‐Barbacil, C., Agostinho, Â. A., Normando, F. T., Cabeza, J. R., Roland, F., & García‐Berthou, E. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114571 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Global hydropower expansion without building new dams
Garrett, K., McManamay, R. A., & Wang, J. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2f18 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Climate change drives low dissolved oxygen and increased hypoxia rates in rivers worldwide
Graham, D. J., Bierkens, M., Jones, E., Sutanudjaja, E., & van Vliet, M. V. (2025) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02483-y · Cited by 25
“Nevertheless, studies related to the effects of climate change on DO are sparse 17,18 and mainly focus on historical trends in DO at local scales 2 .”
Cowx, I. G., Vu, A. V., Hogan, Z. S., Mallen‐Cooper, M., Baumgartner, L. J., Lai, Q. T., Grill, G., & Overed-Sayer, C. (2024) · Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture · doi:10.1080/23308249.2024.2401018 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…inclusion of new species based on recent literature (Jerde et al. 2021; Kano et al. 2013; NAGAO 2021; Praxaysombath et al. 2021; So et al. 2018; Tedesco et al. 2017; Tran et al. 2013) and searching FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2022) and species from the upper Lancang (Chinese) reach of the…”
Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45025-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fungi in Freshwaters: Prioritising Aquatic Hyphomycetes in Conservation Goals
de Barros, J. S., & Seena, S. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14040605 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Morphological sorting of introduced freshwater fish species within and between donor realms
Su, G., Villéger, S., & Brosse, S. (2020) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13054 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Fish occurrence was compiled from (Tedesco et al., 2017) which gathers the occurrence of 14,953 species (more than 90% of the freshwater fish species) in 3,119 drainage basins, covering more than 80% of the earth surface.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBerbel‐Filho, W., Ramos, T., Jacobina, U., Maia, D. G., Torres, R., & Lima, S. (2018) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.13758 · Cited by 23
“Analysing the patterns of freshwater fish diver- sity within ecoregions and drainages at a global scale, Lévêque et al. (2008) and Tedesco et al. (2017) highlighted knowledge gaps in north- eastern Brazil and the need for further studies in this region.”
BackgroundGlobal patterns and predictors of trophic position, body size and jaw size in fishes
Kopf, R. K., Yen, J. D. L., Nimmo, D. G., Brosse, S., & Villéger, S. (2020) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13227 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“All morphological traits, other than TA B L E 1 Hypotheses tested (1–5) and associated statistical models (1–5) used to explain and predict trophic position (TP) of fishes Hypotheses Statistical model Predictor code Predictor description Data source Hypotheses tested 1) TP–jaw length 1, 2 JlHd Maxillary jaw length rel…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationZhou, J.-H., Mogollón, J., van Bodegom, P. V., Beusen, A., & Scherer, L. (2023) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169108 · Cited by 21
“We harmonized the species names based on FishBase (Boettiger et al., 2012) and Tedesco et al. (2017).”
Effects of Nitrogen Emissions on Fish Species Richness across the World’s Freshwater Ecoregions
Zhou, J.-H., Mogollón, J., van Bodegom, P. V., Barbarossa, V., Beusen, A., & Scherer, L. (2023) · Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c09333 · Cited by 21
Dean, E. M., Cooper, A., Wang, L.-Z., Daniel, W. M., David, S., Ernzen, C., Gido, K., Hale, E., Haxton, T. J., Kelso, W., et al. (2022) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.14367 · Cited by 21
The representativeness of protected areas for Amazonian fish diversity under climate change
Frederico, R. G., Dias, M. S., Jezequel, C., Tedesco, P. A., Hugueny, B., Zuanon, J. A. S., Torrente‐Vilara, G., Ortega, H., Hidalgo, M., Martens, K., et al. (2021) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.3528 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“The Amazon fish fauna contains about 15% of the world's fish species (Jézéquel, Tedesco, Bigorne, et al., 2020; Oberdorff et al., 2019; Tedesco et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChanges in Fish Taxonomy Affect Freshwater Biogeographical Regionalisations: Insights from Greece
Vavalidis, T., Zogaris, S., Economou, A., Kallimanis, A., & Bobori, D. (2019) · Water · doi:10.3390/w11091743 · Cited by 21
Narain, D., Teo, H. C., Lechner, A. M., Watson, J. E. M., & Maron, M. (2022) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.08.012 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mahon, A., Grey, E. K., & Jerde, C. (2022) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2730 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This list is sourced from a global database of freshwater fish occurrences by basin and was compiled by extensive searches of available peer-reviewed literature, reports, and theses (Tedesco et al., 2017).”
Freshwater fishes of the Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil
Silva, A., Chagas, R., Santos, A. C. D. A., Zanata, A., Rodrigues, B. K., Polaz, C. N. M., Alves, C. B. M., Vieira, C. S., Souza, F., Vieira, F., et al. (2020) · Biota Neotropica · doi:10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-0969 · Cited by 20
Turning Water Abundance Into Sustainability in Brazil
Farjalla, V. F., Pires, A. P. F., Agostinho, Â. A., Amado, A. M., Bozelli, R. L., Dias, B. F. S., Dib, V., de Faria, B. M., Figueiredo, A., Gomes, E. A. T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2021.727051 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Xiang, T., Dong, X., & Grenouillet, G. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108218 · Cited by 19
“…Perciformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Siluriformes, and Salmoniformes) and three families (Cyprinidae, Cichlidae, and Salmo-nidae), respectively (Tedesco et al., 2017), Perciformes, Siluriformes, and Cypriniformes and Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, and Salmonidae were also dominant for China ’ s…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMohammady, M., Pourghasemi, H., Yousefi, S., Dastres, E., Edalat, M., Pouyan, S., & Eskandari, S. (2021) · Natural Resources Research · doi:10.1007/s11053-021-09940-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…to SDM include identifying sensitive and insensitive points of an ecosystem, assisting habitat management, identifying an area’s biodiversity, and predicting ecosystem performance (Cardinale et al., 2012; Goedecke et al., 2020; Scherrer et al., 2018; Schmitt et al., 2017; Tedesco et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPanja, S., Podder, A., & Homechaudhuri, S. (2021) · Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00027-021-00820-9 · Cited by 19
Amazonian amphibians: diversity, spatial distribution patterns, conservation and sampling deficits
Penhacek, M., Sobral‐Souza, T., dos Santos, J. P., Guerra, V., CASTRO-SOUZA, R. A., & Rodrigues, D. D. J. (2024) · Biodiversity Data Journal · doi:10.3897/bdj.12.e109785 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Spatial priorities for freshwater fish conservation in relation to protected areas
Miqueleiz, I., Ariño, A. H., & Miranda, R. (2023) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.4000 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Scarano, F. R., Aguiar, A. C. F., Mittermeier, R. A., & Rylands, A. B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822562-2.00013-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bernery, C., Marino, C., & Bellard, C. (2023) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.14393 · Cited by 16
Characterization factors for the impact of climate change on freshwater fish species
de Visser, S., Scherer, L., Huijbregts, M., & Barbarossa, V. (2023) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110238 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Two centuries of spatial and temporal dynamics of freshwater fish introductions
Muñoz-Mas, R., Essl, F., van Kleunen, M., Seebens, H., Dawson, W., Casal, C., & García-Berthou, E. (2023) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13714 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Spatial patterns and determinants of trait dispersion in freshwater fish assemblages across Europe
Côte, J., Kuczynski, L., & Grenouillet, G. (2019) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12896 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Freshwater fish occurrence records in 290 European river catchments were compiled from published data on species lists at the river catchment scale (Tedesco et al., 2017).”
MethodSelf-citationEpitashvili, G., Geiger, M., Astrin, J., Herder, F., Japoshvili, B., & Mumladze, L. (2020) · Biodiversity Data Journal · doi:10.3897/bdj.8.e57862 · Cited by 15
Testing the diversity–biomass relationship in riverine fish communities
Woods, T. E., Comte, L., Tedesco, P. A., & Giam, X. (2020) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13147 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationDudgeon, D. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139032759.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A global dataset on species occurrences and functional traits of Schizothoracinae fish
Du, T.-Q., Ding, C., Yang, K.-M., Chen, J.-N., Liu, X., Lv, W., Ding, L.-Y., He, D., & Tao, J. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03098-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“For example, a total of 78 Schizothoracinae species or subspecies were included in the most comprehensive global database of freshwater fish species occurrence at the drainage basin scale, without precise geographic coordinates or sampling time information 28 .”
BackgroundFreshwater reserves for fisheries conservation and enhancement of a widespread migratory fish
Watson, A. S., Hickford, M. J. H., & Schiel, D. (2021) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13967 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Estimating Fish Species Richness across Multiple Watersheds
Paller, M. (2018) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d10020042 · Cited by 14
Vulnerability to overfishing of fish stocks in the Amazon Basin
Pereira, D. V., Mereles, M. D. A., de Matos, O. F., Lopes, G. C. D. S., Conceição, K. G., & Freitas, C. E. D. C. (2023) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106740 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Silva, M., Ramos, T., Carvalho, F. R., Brito, M., Ramos, R. C. T., Rosa, R., Sánchez-Botero, J. I., Novaes, J., Costa, R., & Lima, S. (2020) · Neotropical Ichthyology · doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0063 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mohan, C., Gleeson, T., Famiglietti, J. S., Virkki, V., Kummu, M., Porkka, M., Huggins, X., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Gerten, D., & Jähnig, S. C. (2022) · doi:10.1002/essoar.10507838.2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Xiang, T., Dong, X., Ju, T., Shi, L., & Grenouillet, G. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118374 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal congruence of riverine fish species richness and human presence
Schipper, A. M., & Barbarossa, V. (2022) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13519 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Triana, J. S. A., Chu, M. L., & Stein, J. A. (2021) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109604 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Alverson, A. J., Chafin, T. K., Jones, K. A., Manoylov, K., Johnson, H. L., Julius, M., Nakov, T., Ruck, E., Theriot, E., Yeager, K., et al. (2021) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-021-02497-5 · Cited by 13
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Self-citationSelecting areas with rare and restricted fish species in mountain streams of Southern Brazil
Frota, A., Pacífico, R., & Graça, W. J. (2021) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.3566 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dudgeon, D. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139032759.005
Diverging fish biodiversity trends in cold and warm rivers and streams
Rumschlag, S. L., Gallagher, B. K., Hill, R. A., Schäfer, R. B., Schmidt, T. S., Woods, T. E., Kopp, D. A., Dumelle, M., Rohr, J. R., Laender, F. D., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09556-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ceylan, L., Arı, H., & Erdoğan, Ş. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143921 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
M., S. A., Nair, S., Sudheesan, D., Samanta, S., Paul, S. K., Bhowmick, S., Kumar, V., & Das, B. K. (2023) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31411-w · Cited by 11
“It is well established that lotic environments especially rivers are highly speciose and contain a disproportionate amount of biodiversity given their relatively small proportion of the worldwide landscape (Sheldon 1988; Allan and Flecker 1993; Ward 1998; Dudgeon et al. 2006; Tedesco et al. 2017).”
- Authors
- Tedesco, P. A., Beauchard, O., Bigorne, R., Blanchet, S., Buisson, L., Conti, L., Cornu, J.-F., Dias, M. S., Grenouillet, G., Hugueny, B., Jézéquel, C., Leprieur, F., Brosse, S., & Oberdorff, T.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Flanders Marine Institute (BE)
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Tedesco, Pablo A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Data
- Published
- 2017-10-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 170141-170141
- ISSN
- 2052-4463 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5625552
- OpenAlex
- W2758226460
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10
- Type
- data paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Data (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (226874)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-09-PEXT-0008, ANR-10-LABX- 41, ANR-10-LABX-0025, ANR‐09‐PEXT‐008, TULIP ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-10, ANR-10-LABX, 10-LABX-41, ANR-06-BDIV-0010)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (201167/2012-3)
- Ciência sem Fronteiras
- CHIST-ERA
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Keywords
- freshwater fish, species occurrence records, watershed, species distribution, fish diversity, introduced species, biogeography, freshwater conservation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fishes, Fresh Water, Databases, Factual, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
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