Poor correlation between large-scale environmental flow violations and freshwater biodiversity: implications for water resource management and water planetary boundary
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.5194/hess-26-6247-2022 · Paper page
Abstract
The freshwater ecosystems around the world are degrading, such that maintaining environmental flow (EF) in river networks is critical to their preservation. The relationship between streamflow alterations and, respectively, EF violations, and freshwater biodiversity is well established at the scale of stream reaches or small basins (~<100 km²). However, it is unclear if this relationship is robust at larger scales even though there are large-scale initiatives to legalize the EF requirement. Moreover, EFs have been used in assessing a planetary boundary for freshwater. Therefore, this study intends to carry out an exploratory evaluation of the relationship between EF violation and freshwater biodiversity at globally aggregated scales and for freshwater ecoregions. Four EF violation indices (severity, frequency, the probability to shift to violated state, and probability to stay violated) and seven independent freshwater biodiversity indicators (calculated from observed biota data) were used for correlation analysis. No statistically significant negative relationship between EF violation and freshwater biodiversity was found at global or ecoregion scales. While our results thus suggest that streamflow and EF may not be an only determinant of freshwater biodiversity at large scales, they do not preclude the existence of relationships at smaller scales or with more holistic EF methods (e.g., including water temperature, water quality, intermittency, connectivity etc.) or with other biodiversity data or metrics.
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Virkki, V., Alanärä, E., Porkka, M., Ahopelto, L., Gleeson, T., Mohan, C., Wang‐Erlandsson, L., Flörke, M., Gerten, D., Gosling, S. N., et al. (2021) · doi:10.5194/hess-2021-260-supplement · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Globally widespread and increasing violations of environmental flow envelopes
Virkki, V., Alanärä, E., Porkka, M., Ahopelto, L., Gleeson, T., Mohan, C., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Flörke, M., Gerten, D., Gosling, S. N., et al. (2022) · Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-26-3315-2022 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationZipper, S., Brookfield, A., Ajami, H., Ayers, J. R., Beightel, C., Fienen, M., Gleeson, T., Hammond, J. C., Hill, M., Kendall, A., et al. (2024) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2023wr035727 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationHuggins, X., Gleeson, T., Villholth, K., Rocha, J. C., & Famiglietti, J. S. (2024) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2023wr036287 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationMahapatra, S., & Jha, M. (2025) · Environmental Processes · doi:10.1007/s40710-025-00774-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mohan, C., Gleeson, T., Famiglietti, J. S., Virkki, V., Kummu, M., Porkka, M., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Huggins, X., Gerten, D., & Jähnig, S. C. (2022) · Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-26-6247-2022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental Flow Increases The Riparian Vegetation Diversity And Community Similarity
Guo, M., Xue, W., Wang, C., Li, W.-Z., Gao, H., Saintilan, N., Li, C., Huang, G., & Wang, Y.-Y. (2024) · Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.) · doi:10.1007/s13157-024-01811-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Han, S., Leng, G.-Y., & Yu, L.-F. (2023) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2022wr033646 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hydro-environmental flow classification of rivers (case study: Beshar River, Iran)
Sedghi-Asl, M., & PourSaLEHan, S. (2025) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114049 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Virkki, V. (2021) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-2021-260-ac1
Self-citationVirkki, V. (2021) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-2021-260-ac2
Self-citation(2022) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-2022-87-rc1
Optimization Allocation of Water Resources Based on NSGA-II Algorithm
Dai, L., Tian, T., & Yang, L. (2025) · Sustainable civil infrastructures · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72509-8_63
Sattar, M. M., Naddf, H. I., Duha, K. I. A., Khattab, H. Y., Waleed, G., & Malaniuk, N. M. (2026) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17023-1_17
Mehta, A. R., Chaturvedi, S., Karunarathna, R. M. D. M., Hu, Z., Benoir, B. F., Rahman, M. O., Palihena, J. C. S., Mishra, S. N., & Kumar, A. V. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45116-4.00017-9
- Authors
- Mohan, C., Gleeson, T., Famiglietti, J. S., Virkki, V., Kummu, M., Porkka, M., Huggins, X., Wang-Erlandsson, L., Gerten, D., & Jähnig, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Victoria (CA)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Aalto University (FI)
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (SE)
- Stockholm Resilience Centre (SE)
- Stockholm University
- Leibniz Association (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mohan, Chinchu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hydrology and earth system sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-03-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 6247-6262
- ISSN
- 1027-5606 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4311237449
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Hydrology and earth system sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) (submittedVersion)
- HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RENATE (cc-by)
- Funders
- European Commission (HORIZON2020, 819202, 743080, ERC-2016-ADG)
- Academy of Finland (819202, 317320, 339834)
- Aalto-Yliopisto
- Canada First Research Excellence Fund
- IKEA Foundation
- Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Keywords
- environmental flows, freshwater biodiversity, streamflow change, freshwater ecoregions, water resources management, biodiversity indicators
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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