Primary resistance to cetuximab therapy in EGFR FISH-positive colorectal cancer patients
Open accessAbstract
The impact of KRAS mutations on cetuximab sensitivity in epidermal growth factor receptor fluorescence in situ hybridisation-positive (EGFR FISH+) metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC) has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we analysed KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA, MET, and IGF1R in 85 mCRC treated with cetuximab-based therapy in whom EGFR status was known. KRAS mutations (52.5%) negatively affected response only in EGFR FISH+ patients. EGFR FISH+/KRAS mutated had a significantly lower response rate (P=0.04) than EGFR FISH+/KRAS wild type patients. Four EGFR FISH+ patients with KRAS mutations responded to cetuximab therapy. BRAF was mutated in 5.0% of patients and none responded to the therapy. PI3KCA mutations (17.7%) were not associated to cetuximab sensitivity. Patients overexpressing IGF1R (74.3%) had significantly longer survival than patients with low IGF1R expression (P=0.006), with no difference in response rate. IGF1R gene amplification was not detected, and only two (2.6%) patients, both responders, had MET gene amplification. In conclusion, KRAS mutations are associated with cetuximab failure in EGFR FISH+ mCRC, even if it does not preclude response. The rarity of MET and IGF1R gene amplification suggests a marginal role in primary resistance. The potential prognostic implication of IGF1R expression merits further evaluation.
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MET amplification is found in around 1% of metastatic colorectal cancer samples.
“MET amplification was retrospectively found in around 1 % of mCRC samples, in line with previous reports [106].”
From Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: impact on future treatment strategies (2014) · cites this paper as [106]
Only focal, high-grade amplification of the MET locus is associated with lack of response to cetuximab; cetuximab is active in tumors with modest gene copy number gains or polysomy of chromosome 7.
“Notably, only focal, high-grade amplification of the MET locus associated with lack of response; conversely, cetuximab proved to be active in tumors with modest gene copy number gains or polysomy of chromosome 7, where the MET gene lies [106].”
From Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: impact on future treatment strategies (2014) · cites this paper as [106]
IGF-1R overexpression seems to be a favorable prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal cancer.
“IGF-1R overexpression seems to be a favorable prognostic factor [79, 106, 122]”
From Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: impact on future treatment strategies (2014) · cites this paper as [106]
Hyperactivation of IGF-1R results in primary and secondary resistance to EGFR inhibition in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
“Hyperactivation of IGF-1R results in primary and secondary resistance to EGFR inhibition in RAS wild-type mCRC by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway [117, 118].”
From Resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: underlying mechanisms and reversal strategies (2021) · cites this paper as [118]
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- Authors
- Cappuzzo, F., Varella-Garcia, M., Finocchiaro, G., Skokan, M., Gajapathy, S., Carnaghi, C., Rimassa, L., Rossi, E., Ligorio, C., Di Tommaso, L., Holmes, A. J., Toschi, L., Tallini, G., Destro, A., Roncalli, M., Santoro, A., & Jänne, P. A.
- Affiliations
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
- University of Colorado Cancer Center (US)
- Ospedale Bellaria (IT)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cappuzzo, F
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2008-06-24
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-89
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- PMC
- PMC2453041
- OpenAlex
- W2105904851
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 14.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
- Locations
- British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Center, University of Colorado
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
- Keywords
- cetuximab, primary drug resistance, metastatic colorectal cancer, KRAS mutation, MET amplification, PIK3CA mutation, BRAF mutation, predictive biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Cetuximab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nuclear Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Transcription Factors, Colorectal Neoplasms, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Receptors, Somatomedin, Receptors, Growth Factor, ras Proteins, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, ErbB Receptors
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