The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain
Open accessAbstract
Recently, it was reported that anesthetizing infant rats for 6 h with a combination of anesthetic drugs (midazolam, nitrous oxide, isoflurane) caused widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain, followed by lifelong cognitive deficits. It has also been reported that ketamine triggers neuroapoptosis in the infant rat brain if administered repeatedly over a period of 9 h. The question arises whether less extreme exposure to anesthetic drugs can also trigger neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. To address this question we administered ketamine, midazolam or ketamine plus midazolam subcutaneously at various doses to infant mice and evaluated the rate of neuroapoptosis in various brain regions following either saline or these various drug treatments. Each drug was administered as a single one‐time injection in a dose range that would be considered subanesthetic, and the brains were evaluated by unbiased stereology methods 5 h following drug treatment. Neuroapoptosis was detected by immunohistochemical staining for activated caspase‐3. It was found that either ketamine or midazolam caused a dose‐dependent, statistically significant increase in the rate of neuroapoptosis, and the two drugs combined caused a greater increase than either drug alone. The apoptotic nature of the neurodegenerative reaction was confirmed by electron microscopy. We conclude that relatively mild exposure to ketamine, midazolam or a combination of these drugs can trigger apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mouse brain. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 189–197. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706301
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Cites
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Self-citationJevtovic-Todorovic, V., Hartman, R. E., Izumi, Y., Benshoff, N. D., Dikranian, K., Zorumski, C. F., Olney, J. W., & Wozniak, D. F. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003 · Cited by 1,983
Self-citationEthanol-Induced Apoptotic Neurodegeneration and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Self-citationAntiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain
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Self-citationKetamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience
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Cited by
Long-term Differences in Language and Cognitive Function After Childhood Exposure to Anesthesia
Ing, C., DiMaggio, C., Whitehouse, A., Hegarty, M. K., Brady, J., von Ungern-Sternberg, B. S., Davidson, A., Wood, A. J. J., Li, G., & Sun, L. S. (2012) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3822 · Cited by 607
Satomoto, M., Satoh, Y., Terui, K., Miyao, H., Takishima, K., Ito, M., & Imaki, J. (2009) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181974fa2 · Cited by 496
Lasting impact of general anaesthesia on the brain: mechanisms and relevance
Vutskits, L., & Xie, Z. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.128 · Cited by 486
Loepke, A. W., & Soriano, S. G. (2008) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318167ad77 · Cited by 458
Ketamine-induced Neuroapoptosis in the Fetal and Neonatal Rhesus Macaque Brain
Brambrink, A. M., Evers, A. S., Avidan, M. S., Farber, N. B., Smith, D. J., Martin, L. D., Dissen, G. A., Creeley, C. E., & Olney, J. W. (2012) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e318242b2cd · Cited by 425
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Metadata
- Authors
- Young, C., Jevtovic‐Todorovic, V., Qin, Y., Tenkova, T., Wang, H., Labruyere, J., & Olney, J. W.
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-197
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- OpenAlex
- W1565010155
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 4.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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