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HDACs, histone deacetylation and gene transcription: from molecular biology to cancer therapeutics
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) are two counteracting enzyme families whose enzymatic activity controls the acetylation state of protein lysine residues, notably those contained in the N-terminal extensions of the core histones. Acetylation of histones affects gene expression through its influence on chromatin conformation. In addition, several non-histone proteins are regulated in their stability or biological function by the acetylation state of specific lysine residues. HDACs intervene in a multitude of biological processes and are part of a multiprotein family in which each member has its specialized functions. In addition, HDAC activity is tightly controlled through targeted recruitment, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Control of cell cycle progression, cell survival and differentiation are among the most important roles of these enzymes. Since these processes are affected by malignant transformation, HDAC inhibitors were developed as antineoplastic drugs and are showing encouraging efficacy in cancer patients.
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“The mammalian HDAC family consists of 18 isoforms categorized into four major classes (Classes I–IV) (Zhang et al., 2024; Glozak et al., 2005; Gallinari et al., 2007; Yang and Grégoire, 2005), as summarized in Table 1 (Vanaja et al., 2018; Johnstone, 2002; Gao et al., 2002; Tong et al., 2002; Hubbert et al., 2002).”
From Histone modifications and depression: epigenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and translational outlook (2026) · cites this paper as Gallinari et al., 2007
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“Additionally, methylated CpG islands were noted to be occupied by methyl-CpG-binding proteins (MBD1, MBD3, MBD2 and MECP2) which recruited chromatin remodeling proteins and HDACs to form tightly compact chromatin (Gallinari et al. 2007; Khan and La Thangue 2012; Marks et al. 2001; Minucci and Pelicci 2006).”
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“Expression and function of specific miRNAs and different HDAC isoforms are highly heterogeneous and can vary in different cell types and disease states (Delcuve et al. 2012; Gallinari et al. 2007; Haberland et al. 2009; Rupaimoole and Slack 2017).”
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“HDAC inhibitors are currently being evaluated as anticancer agents in clinical trials, which can induce growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo tumor-bearing animal models (16-19).”
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“Moreover, the decreased HDAC1 expression (Log 2 FC = − 0.67) observed in this study may contribute to tumour inhibition through epigenetic modulation, enhancing susceptibility to apoptosis [85].”
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“However, transcriptional repression is frequently associated with methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) and lysine 27 (H3K27) or histone H4 on lysine 20 (H4K20) 18 .”
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“Conversely, histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove these acetyl groups, restoring the positive charge and leading to a condensed heterochromatin structure that represses gene expression [210].”
Epigenetic studies of neurodevelopment in twins
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“HDACs, known for their role in reducing acetylation levels [54] also showed sex-biased patterns.”
Histone Modification Networks Reshape the Metabolism and Treatment Landscape of Urological Cancers
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BackgroundEvaluating the Effect of HDAC8 Inhibition in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
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Decreased HDAC1 Gene Expression in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
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Potential role of lactylation in intrinsic immune pathways in lung cancer
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“Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histone and non-histone proteins, leading to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression (9).”
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BackgrounddCas9-HDAC8-EGFP fusion enables epigenetic editing of breast cancer cells by H3K9 deacetylation
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HDAC/σ1R Dual-Ligand as a Targeted Melanoma Therapeutic
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A cancer-specific antigen drives histone acetylation by stabilizing the acetyltransferases
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gallinari, P., Marco, S. D., Jones, P., Pallaoro, M., & Steinkühler, C.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Steinkühler, Christian
- Venue
- Cell Research
- Published
- 2007-02-27
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-211
- ISSN
- 1001-0602 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-7838
- OpenAlex
- W2031954417
- Semantic Scholar
- 755cb3e836171a20f267d47b6677a035efcf7c22
- Cited by
- 678
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cell Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- histone deacetylase, histone acetyltransferase, histone acetylation, gene transcription, chromatin conformation, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cancer therapeutics, non-histone protein acetylation, post-translational modification, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, malignant transformation
- MeSH terms
- Acetylation, Animals, Histone Deacetylases, Histones, Humans, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Neoplasms, Transcription, Genetic, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
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