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Delayed gastric emptying rate may explain improved glycaemia in healthy subjects to a starchy meal with added vinegar
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible influence of acetic acid (administered as vinegar) on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and the potential involvement of a modified gastric emptying rate was studied by use of paracetamol as a marker. Design The white bread reference meal as well as the corresponding meal supplemented with vinegar had the same content of starch, protein and fat. The meals were served in the morning after an over-night fast and in random order. Capillary blood samples for analysis of glucose, insulin and paracetamol were collected postprandially. Setting The study was performed at the Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden. Subjects Ten healthy volunteers, seven women and three men, aged 22-51 y, with normal body mass indices were recruited. Results The presence of acetic acid, given as vinegar, significantly reduced the postprandial glucose (GI=64) and insulin responses (II=65) to a starchy meal. As judged from lowered paracetamol levels after the test meal with vinegar, the mechanism is probably a delayed gastric emptying rate. Conclusions Fermented foods or food products with added organic acids should preferably be included in the diet in order to reduce glycaemia and insulin demand.
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“Acetic acid consumption has been shown to delay gastric emptying in healthy subjects and in people with diabetes [386,405].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [386]
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International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002,
Foster-Powell, K., Holt, S. H., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5 · Cited by 3,080
Brouns, F., Bjorck, I., Frayn, K. N., Gibbs, A. L., Lang, V., Slama, G., & Wolever, T. M. S. (2005) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr2005100 · Cited by 1,093
“…can affect the GI of a food, such as the presence of fat (Collier & O’Dea, 1983), the presence of protein (Granfeldt et al. 1991), the presence of some anti-nutrients (Thorne et al. 1983), and acidity or the presence of acidic compounds (Liljeberg et al. 1995; Liljeberg & Bjorck, 1996, 1998).”
BackgroundScientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. (2010) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1462 · Cited by 955
Nkhata, S. G., Ayua, E., Kamau, E. H., & Shingiro, J. (2018) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.846 · Cited by 876
The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity
Hernández, M. A. G., Canfora, E. E., Jocken, J. W. E., & Blaak, E. E. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081943 · Cited by 650
“For instance, supplementation of acetic acid (unspecified vinegar) in healthy subjects together with a test meal resulted in reduced postprandial glucose concentration (~35%, during 30–70 min), putatively, through a delayed gastric emptying [130].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Liljeberg, H., & Björck, I.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- ORCID
- Björck, I
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 1998-05-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 368-371
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W1964288298
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- vinegar, acetic acid, gastric emptying, postprandial blood glucose, insulin response, glycemic index, insulin index, white bread, fermented foods, organic acids, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Acetaminophen, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diet, Female, Gastric Emptying, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Starch, Acetic Acid
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