The DOI matches its Crossref record.
What is the best measure of adiposity change in growing children: BMI, BMI %, BMI z-score or BMI centile?
Abstract
Background Weight control programs for obese children monitor change in body mass index (BMI) adjusted for age. However, change can be measured in several ways: raw (kg/m2) units, percentage, z-scores or centiles. The suitability of the different measures is not known. Aim To identify the optimal BMI measure for change, whose short-term variability is most consistent for children across the spectrum of adiposity. Setting An Italian kindergarten. Subjects A total of 135 (66 female) children aged 29-68 months at baseline, with BMI measured three times over a 9-month period. Methods Each child's short-term variability in adiposity was summarized by the standard deviation (s.d.) of BMI and BMI % adjusted for age, and BMI z-score and BMI centile. The s.d.'s were then compared in obese and nonobese children, and also correlated with each child's baseline BMI z-score. Results The within-child s.d.s of BMI z-score and BMI centile were significantly smaller in obese than nonobese children, while the s.d.s of BMI and BMI % were similar in the two groups. Also, the within-child s.d.s of z-score and centile, and to a lesser extent BMI %, were significantly inversely correlated with baseline z-score, whereas the s.d. of BMI was not. The changes in adiposity over time, as assessed by the four measures, were very highly correlated with each other, particularly for BMI with BMI %. Discussion Even though BMI z-score is optimal for assessing adiposity on a single occasion, it is not necessaril…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The optimal tool for measuring changes in adiposity during childhood is the body mass index (BMI), either by itself or as the proportional (percentage) change in BMI, which can be adjusted for sex and age.
“The optimal tool for measuring changes in adiposity during childhood is the body mass index (BMI), either by itself or as the proportional (percentage) change in BMI, which can be adjusted for sex and age [33].”
From Simulation of facial growth based on longitudinal data: Age progression and age regression between 7 and 17 years of age using 3D surface data (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Barlow SE, Trowbridge FL, Klish WS & Dietz WH (2002): Treatment of child and adolescent obesity: reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners and registered dietitians. Pediatrics 110, 229–235. · DOI
- Cole TJ (1997): Growth monitoring with the British 1990 growth reference. Arch Dis. Child 76, 47–49. · DOI
- Cole TJ (2000): Sympercents: symmetric percentage differences on the 100 loge scale simplify the presentation of log transformed data. Stat. Med. 19, 3109–3125. · DOI · Paper page
- Ellis KJ (2000): Human body composition. In vivo methods. Physiol. Rev. 80, 649–680. · DOI
- Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, Mei Z, Curtin LR, Roche AF & Johnson CL (2000): CDC Growth Charts: United States. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
- Maynard LM, Wisemandle W, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Guo SS & Siervogel RM (2001): Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index. Pediatrics 107, 344–350. · DOI
- Pietrobelli A, Faith MS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G & Heymsfield SB (1998): Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J. Pediatr. 132, 204–210. · DOI
- Power C, Lake JK & Cole TJ (1997): Measurement and long term health risks of child and adolescent fatness. Int. J. Obes. 21, 507–526. · DOI
- Zannolli R & Morgese G (1996): Distribution of BMI in children: prevalence of wasting and fattening conditions. Ann. Hum. Biol. 23, 63–69. · DOI
- Zemel BS, Riley EM & Stallings VA (1997): Evaluation of methodology for nutritional assessment in children: anthropometry, body composition, and energy expenditure. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 17, 211–235. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Built Environment and Obesity
Papas, M. A., Alberg, A. J., Ewing, R., Helzlsouer, K. J., Gary, T. L., & Klassen, A. C. (2007) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm009 · Cited by 1,078
Kelly, A. S., Barlow, S. E., Rao, G., Inge, T. H., Hayman, L. L., Steinberger, J., Urbina, E. M., Ewing, L. J., & Daniels, S. R. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182a5cfb3 · Cited by 980
Harris, K. C., Kuramoto, L. K., Schulzer, M., & Retallack, J. E. (2009) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.080966 · Cited by 497
Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., Yanovski, S. Z., Schvey, N. A., Olsen, C. H., Gustafson, J., & Yanovski, J. A. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20580 · Cited by 273
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children
Dayyat, E., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Sans Capdevila, O., Maarafeya, M. M. A., & Gozal, D. (2009) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.08-2568 · Cited by 260
Haines, J., McDonald, J., O’Brien, A., Sherry, B., Bottino, C. J., Schmidt, M. E., & Taveras, E. M. (2013) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2356 · Cited by 253
Franckle, R., Adler, R., & Davison, K. (2014) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd11.130355 · Cited by 230
Freedman, D. S., Horlick, M., & Berenson, G. S. (2013) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.065961 · Cited by 152
l'Allemand-Jander, D. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.237 · Cited by 146
Barkin, S. L., Gesell, S. B., Po’e, E. K., Escarfuller, J., & Tempesti, T. (2012) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3762 · Cited by 126
Gourlan, M., Sarrazin, P., & Trouilloud, D. (2013) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.800518 · Cited by 105
Freedman, D. S., Butte, N. F., Taveras, E. M., Goodman, A. B., Ogden, C. L., & Blanck, H. M. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.039 · Cited by 89
Oosterhoff, M., Joore, M., & Ferreira, I. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12446 · Cited by 87
Distance and percentage distance from median BMI as alternatives to BMI z score
Freedman, D. S., Woo, J. G., Ogden, C. L., Xu, J. H., & Cole, T. J. (2020) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114519002046 · Cited by 49
Self-citationIs it time for bed? Short sleep duration increases risk of obesity in Mexican American children
Martinez, S. M., Tschann, J. M., Greenspan, L. C., Deardorff, J., Penilla, C., Flores, E., Pasch, L. A., Gregorich, S. E., & Butte, N. F. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.09.009 · Cited by 43
Tomiyama, A. J., Puterman, E., Epel, E. S., Rehkopf, D. H., & Laraia, B. A. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9398-x · Cited by 37
“Based on their recommendation, as well as the recommendation of Cole et al. [33], and because we have longitudinal data over a 10-year period, we use BMI rather than BMI percentile as the outcome measure.”
Koudelová, J., Hoffmannová, E., Dupej, J., & Velemínská, J. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212618 · Cited by 33
Rambhojan, C., Larifla, L., Clepier, J., Bouaziz-Amar, E., Velayoudom-Cephise, F.-L., Blanchet-Deverly, A., Armand, C., Plumasseau, J., Lacorte, J.-M., & Foucan, L. (2016) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2016.131 · Cited by 19
Heo, M., Jimenez, C. C., Lim, J., Isasi, C. R., Blank, A. E., Lounsbury, D. W., Fredericks, L., Bouchard, M., Faith, M. S., & Wylie-Rosett, J. (2018) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0975-9 · Cited by 19
Self-citationMoreno, J. P., Wood, A. C., Reichek, B., Dadabhoy, H., Baranowski, T., Thompson, D., & O'Connor, T. M. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.013 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Cole, T. J., Faith, M. S., Pietrobelli, A., & Heo, M.
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2005-01-12
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 419-425
- ISSN
- 0954-3007
- 1476-5640
- Cited by
- 559
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2005-06-02)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
