Crystal structures of VAP1 reveal ADAMs' MDC domain architecture and its unique C‐shaped scaffold
Open accessAbstract
ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are sheddases possessing extracellular metalloproteinase/disintegrin/cysteine-rich (MDC) domains. ADAMs uniquely display both proteolytic and adhesive activities on the cell surface, however, most of their physiological targets and adhesion mechanisms remain unclear. Here for the first time, we reveal the ADAMs' MDC architecture and a potential target-binding site by solving crystal structures of VAP1, a snake venom homolog of mammalian ADAMs. The D-domain protrudes from the M-domain opposing the catalytic site and constituting a C-shaped arm with cores of Ca2+ ions. The disintegrin-loop, supposed to interact with integrins, is packed by the C-domain and inaccessible for protein binding. Instead, the hyper-variable region (HVR) in the C-domain, which has a novel fold stabilized by the strictly conserved disulfide bridges, constitutes a potential protein-protein adhesive interface. The HVR is located at the distal end of the arm and faces toward the catalytic site. The C-shaped structure implies interplay between the ADAMs' proteolytic and adhesive domains and suggests a molecular mechanism for ADAMs' target recognition for shedding.
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Based on the model, known disease-causing mutations in TANGO2 could act by hindering catalysis (R26K, R32Q, and L50P, near active site) or produce steric clashes (G154R) in the hydrophobic core.
“Based on the model, known mutations that cause disease (magenta spheres in Fig. 3A) could act by hindering catalysis (R26K, R32Q, and L50P, near active site) or produce steric clashes (G154R) (19) in the hydrophobic core.”
From Accurate prediction of protein structures and interactions using a 3-track network (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
The Structural analysis section describes a crystal model of VAP1, not a model of TANGO2. Searches for TANGO2, G154R, R26K, R32Q, and L50P found no passage addressing those mutations or the proposed effects on catalysis and the hydrophobic core. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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“ADAM 9, for example, binds through a hypervariable loop stabilised by disulphide bridges, which protrudes from the surface of the protein structure [43,44].”
Essential role of the disintegrin-like domain in ADAMTS13 function
de Groot, R., Bardhan, A., Ramroop, N., Lane, D. A., & Crawley, J. T. B. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-187914 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Düsterhöft, S., Jung, S., Hung, C., Tholey, A., Sönnichsen, F. D., Grötzinger, J., & Lorenzen, I. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja400340u · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Serrano, S. M. T., Kim, J., Wang, D., Dragulev, B. P., Shannon, J. D., Mann, H. H., Veit, G., Wagener, R., Koch, M., & Fox, J. W. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m604855200 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Quinn, J. A., Graeber, C. T., Frackelton, A. R., Kim, M., Schwarzbauer, J. E., & Filardo, E. J. (2009) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2008-0262 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“In support of this concept, integrin v 3 has been reported to associate directly with MMP-2 (53), and ADAMs (a Disintegrin and a Metalloproteinase) family members have integrin interaction domains (54, 55).”
BackgroundSnake Venom Disintegrins and Cell Migration
Selistre-de-Araújo, H. S., Pontes, C. L. S., Montenegro, C. F., & Martin, A. C. B. M. (2010) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins2112606 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Depending on the disulfide pairing, the D domain may assume at least two types of conformation, a C-shaped or an I-shaped scaffold; the former was suggested to play a key role in substrate recognition by the catalytic domain [27].”
BackgroundToxins in thrombosis and haemostasis: potential beyond imagination
Kini, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04279.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sánchez, E. F., Flores-Ortiz, R., de Alvarenga, V. G., & Eble, J. A. (2017) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins9120392 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Furthermore, SVMPs, ADAMs and ADAMTSs, the latter of which contain an additional thrombospondin (TS) motifs, share a topological similarity to matrix metalloproteinases of tissues (MMPs) within the structural organization of their catalytic center [19].”
BackgroundInfluentialThree-dimensional domain architecture of the ADAM family proteinases
Takeda, S. (2008) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.07.009 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular insights into the multilayered regulation of ADAM17: The role of the extracellular region
Grötzinger, J., Lorenzen, I., & Düsterhöft, S. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.024 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
ADAM proteases: Emerging role and targeting of the non-catalytic domains
Saha, N., Tzvetkova‐Robev, D., Himanen, J. P., & Nikolov, D. B. (2019) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Collagen binding is a key factor for the hemorrhagic activity of snake venom metalloproteinases
Moura-da-Silva, A. M., Ramos, O. H. P., Baldo, C., Niland, S., Hansen, U. J., Ventura, J. S., Furlan, S., Butera, D., Della-Casa, M. S., Tanjoni, I., et al. (2007) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2007.11.009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Düsterhöft, S., Hoebel, K., Oldefest, M., Lokau, J., Waetzig, G. H., Chalaris, A., Garbers, C., Scheller, J., Rose‐John, S., Lorenzen, I., et al. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.557322 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“In this structural model, the extracellular part adopts a C-shaped structure, placing the MPD in close proximity to the catalytic domain (18, 27).”
BackgroundAn activated form of ADAM10 is tumor selective and regulates cancer stem-like cells and tumor growth
Atapattu, L., Saha, N., Chheang, C., Eissmann, M. F., Xu, K. Y., Vail, M. E., Hii, L. L., Llerena, C., Liu, Z., Horvay, K., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20151095 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Processing has been suggested to produce the active form of ADAMs by releasing the Pro domain, which can interact with and inhibit the mature MP, although for ADAM10 and 17 this does not occur via the cysteine switch mechanism of other MPs (Moss et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialMuniz, J. R. C., Ambrosio, A. L. B., Selistre-de-Araújo, H. S., Cominetti, M. R., Moura-da-Silva, A. M., Oliva, G., Garratt, R. C., & de Souza, D. H. F. (2008) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.08.021 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“It has been proposed that the HVR is involved with the recognition of the target for proteolytically attack of the M domain (Takeda et al., 2006) but this hypothesis, although very reasonable, needs experimental confirmation.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLorenzen, I., Lokau, J., Düsterhöft, S., Trad, A., Garbers, C., Scheller, J., Rose‐John, S., & Grötzinger, J. (2012) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.012 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“The extracellular part of mature ADAM17 most likely adopts a C-shaped conformation [11,13], thereby localizing the membrane-proximal domain close to the active site.”
BackgroundNyren‐Erickson, E. K., Jones, J. M., Srivastava, D. K., & Mallik, S. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“, have explored the hypervariable loop region of the cysteine region of ADAMs, and have suggested this as an attractive targeting site for inhibition [96,97].”
BackgroundCatalytic Properties of ADAM12 and Its Domain Deletion Mutants
Jacobsen, J., Visse, R., Sørensen, H. P., Enghild, J. J., Brew, K., Wewer, U. M., & Nagase, H. (2007) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi701629c · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Who decides when to cleave an ectodomain?
Hartmann, M., Herrlich, A., & Herrlich, P. A. (2013) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2012.12.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Liu, H., Shim, A. H.-R., & He, X. L. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.014258 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand factor interactions
Zander, C. B., Cao, W., & Zheng, X. L. (2015) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000169 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Role of ADAM-9 Disintegrin-Cysteine-rich Domains in Human Keratinocyte Migration
Zigrino, P., Steiger, J., Fox, J. W., Löffek, S., Schild, A., Nischt, R., & Mauch, C. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m701658200 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mackessy, S. P., & Mackessy, S. P. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420008661-11 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Doley, R., Mackessy, S. P., & Kini, R. M. (2009) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-146 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“This hypervariable region has been predicted to be a potential exosite for target recognition [83].”
BackgroundADAMs family and relatives in cardiovascular physiology and pathology
Zhang, P., Shen, M., Fernández-Patrón, C., & Kassiri, Z. (2015) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.031 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Modified from [15].”
BackgroundInfluentialLee, H., Koo, B.-S., Kim, Y. H., Jeon, O., & Kim, D. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-201681 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“binding on the same plasma membrane (37).”
Zigrino, P., Nischt, R., & Mauch, C. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.168617 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Jararhagin, a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca
Moura-da-Silva, A. M., & Baldo, C. (2012) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.026 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The crystal structure of bothropasin complexed with the inhibitor POL647 showed the major features already described for VAP-I (Igarashi et al., 2007; Takeda et al., 2006): The catalytic domain is consisted of two sub-domains including the zinc and calcium-binding sites.”
BackgroundStatus update on iRhom and ADAM17: It's still complicated
Düsterhöft, S., Babendreyer, A., Giese, A. A., Flasshove, C., & Ludwig, A. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.017 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Guan, H., Goh, K.-S., Davamani, F. A., Wu, P.-L., Huang, Y.-W., Jeyakanthan, J., Wu, W., & Chen, C. (2009) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2009.11.009 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“4A and B, atragin maintains a C-shaped architecture as its structure adopts a similar D-shoulder (Ds) domain (a.a. 410–442) with three disulfide bonds (pairs of 3, 4, and 5) and a D-arm (Da) domain (a.a. 443–493) with another three disulfide bonds (pairs of 7, 8, and 9) constituting the C-shaped arm as in VAP1 and VAP…”
BackgroundInfluentialProcessing of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: Generation of Toxin Diversity and Enzyme Inactivation
Moura-da-Silva, A. M., de Almeida, M. T., Portes-Junior, J. A., Nicolau, C. A., Gomes‐Neto, F., & Valente, R. H. (2016) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins8060183 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Class P-III SVMPs VAP1 and VAP2 from Crotalus atrox have been crystallized in their dimeric form [74,75] exerting potent pro-apoptotic activity in endothelial cell cultures [76].”
BackgroundTanjoni, I., Evangelista, K. S., Della-Casa, M. S., Butera, D., Magalhães, G. S., Baldo, C., Clissa, P. B., Fernandes, I., Eble, J. A., & Moura-da-Silva, A. M. (2010) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.12.010 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The role of proteases in regulating Eph/ephrin signaling
Atapattu, L., Lackmann, M., & Janes, P. W. (2014) · Cell Adhesion & Migration · doi:10.4161/19336918.2014.970026 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“For example the VAP1 structure shares a curved DCC domain structure with ADAM10, which confers an overall C-shape structure with the MP domain in proximity to the substrate binding region of the C domain, consistent with the idea binding to the C domain controls specificity by positioning the substrate for cleavage.(3…”
BackgroundJoo, C.-K., Kim, H. S., Park, J.-Y., Seomun, Y., Son, M.-J., & Kim, J.-T. (2007) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210649 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ectodomain shedding and remnant peptide signalling of EGFRs and their ligands
Higashiyama, S., Nanba, D., Nakayama, H., Inoue, H., & Fukuda, S. (2011) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/jb/mvr068 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Chen, H.-S., Tsai, H.-Y., Wang, Y., & Tsai, I. (2008) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2008.05.012 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Targeting ADAM17 Sheddase Activity in Cancer
Rossello, A., Nuti, E., Ferrini, S., & Fabbi, M. (2016) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450117666160727143618 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Kawasaki, K., Freimuth, J., Meyer, D. S., Lee, M. M., Tochimoto-Okamoto, A., Benzinou, M., Clermont, F. F., Wu, G., Roy, R., Letteboer, T. G. W., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318761111 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Ileu613Val variant is located within the cysteine-rich substrate recognition domain (43); thus, variation in Adam17 p.”
BackgroundADAM Proteins- Therapeutic Potential in Cancer
Lu, X., Lu, D., Scully, M. F., & Kakkar, V. V. (2008) · Current Cancer Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/156800908786733478 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Programmed autologous cleavage of platelet receptors
Berndt, M. C., Karunakaran, D., Gardiner, E. E., & Andrews, R. K. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02484.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Menezes, M. C., Leme, A. F. P., Melo, R. L. D., Alberto-Silva, C., Della-Casa, M. S., Bruni, F. M., Lima, C., Lopes‐Ferreira, M., de Camargo, A. C. M., Fox, J. W., et al. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.034 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“In VAP1 and catrocollastatin/VAP2B, the HVR is located at the distal end of the arm constituted by disintegrin-like domain and faces toward the catalytic site [14,15].”
BackgroundInfluentialHiguchi, D. A., Almeida, M. C., Barros, C. C., Sánchez, E. F., Pesquero, P. R., Lang, E. A. S., Samaan, M., Araújo, R. C., Pesquero, J. B., & Pesquero, J. L. (2011) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.05.013 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Connective tissue growth factor is a substrate of ADAM28
Mochizuki, S., Tanaka, R., Shimoda, M., Onuma, J., Fujii, Y., Jinno, H., & Okada, Y. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.077 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“5 and 1 mg/ml) of (465)CRPAKDECDLPEMC(478) corresponding to the disintegrin loop of the Dis domain [20], (567)QGGSDNLPWKGRIVT(581) and (582)FLTAKTFDPEDTSQEI(597) corresponding to the hyper-variable region of the CR domain [21] or an RGDS peptide (a negative control) prior to the binding assay.”
BackgroundMethodPinto, A. F. M., Terra, R. M. S., Guimarães, J. A., & Fox, J. W. (2006) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.10.010 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Limam, I., Bazaa, A., Srairi‐Abid, N., Taboubi, S., Jebali, J., Zouari-Kessentini, R., Kallech-Ziri, O., Mejdoub, H., Hammami, A., Ayeb, M. E., et al. (2009) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2009.09.009 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Wakatsuki, S., Yumoto, N., Komatsu, K., Araki, T., & Sehara‐Fujisawa, A. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m803191200 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Shimoda, M., Hashimoto, G., Mochizuki, S., Ikeda, E., Nagai, N., Ishida, S., & Okada, Y. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702414200 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The EGFR-ADAM17 Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cystic Fibrosis Lung Pathology
Stolarczyk, M., & Scholte, B. J. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/1067134 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chen, H., Chen, J., Lin, C., Khoo, K., & Tsai, I. (2008) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06540.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Snake Venom Metalloproteinases
Fox, J. W., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2017) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-427-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gordon, K., Balyasnikova, I. V., Nesterovitch, A. B., Schwartz, D. E., Sturrock, E. D., & Danilov, S. M. (2009) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01416.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Domain integration of ADAM family proteins: Emerging themes from structural studies
Seegar, T. C. M., & Blacklow, S. C. (2019) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370219865901 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“The ADAM cysteine-rich domain also contains a segment dubbed the “hypervariable region” (HVR), named for the significant divergence in length and amino acid composition among the different ADAMs in this region.(47) Within the ADAM family, the HVR ranges in length from 37 residues in ADAM17 to 87 residues in ADAM19.”
BackgroundCell surface annexins regulate ADAM-mediated ectodomain shedding of proamphiregulin
Nakayama, H., Fukuda, S., Inoue, H., Nishida‐Fukuda, H., Shirakata, Y., Hashimoto, K., & Higashiyama, S. (2012) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0683 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Previous reports have shown that the hypervariable region (HVR) of ADAMs may have a significant effect on substrate recognition and may adjust the spatial alignment of the catalytic and adhesion sites (Takeda et al., 2006; Igarashi et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMarques-Porto, R., Lebrun, I., & Pimenta, D. C. (2008) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.01.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Menezes, M. C., Oliveira, A. K., Melo, R. L. D., Lopes‐Ferreira, M., Rioli, V., Balan, A., Leme, A. F. P., & Serrano, S. M. T. (2010) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.10.007 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Modulation of integrin α4β1 by ADAM28 promotes lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration
McGinn, O. J., English, W., Roberts, S., Ager, A., Newham, P., & Murphy, G. (2011) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1042/cbi20100885 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“for binding to integrins since the disintegrin loop is buried within a MDC (metalloproteinase, disintegrin and cysteine-rich) fold (Takeda et al., 2006).”
BackgroundSajevic, T., Leonardi, A., Kovačič, L., Balija, M. L., Kurtović, T., Pungerčar, J., Halassy, B., Trampuš-Bakija, A., & Križaj, I. (2013) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Non-catalytic Dis and CR domains contain several substrate-binding sites located in the so-called disintegrin loop and in the hyper-variable region [5,6].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe proteinase-rich proteome of Bothrops jararaca venom
Serrano, S. M. T., Oliveira, A. K., Menezes, M. C., & Zelanis, A. (2014) · Toxin Reviews · doi:10.3109/15569543.2014.922581 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Interestingly, the determination of crystal structures of P-III class SVMPs also showed that the folding of the metalloproteinase domain is similar between these enzymes and those of the P-I class (Igarashi et al., 2007; Muniz et al., 2008; Takeda et al., 2006, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialCamacho, E. T., Villalobos, E., Sanz, L., Pérez, A., Escalante, T., Lomonte, B., Calvete, J. J., Gutiérrez, J. M., & Rucavado, A. (2014) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.008 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Teklemariam, T., Seoane, A. I., Ramos, C. J., Sanchez, E. E., Lucena, S. E., Pérez, J. C., Mandal, S. A., & Soto, J. G. (2011) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.01.007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Crystallography studies of two PIII-SVMPs (VAP1 and catrocollastatin/VAP2B) indicate that their disintegrin-like loop is not accessible for integrin binding (Takeda et al., 2006; Igarashi et al., 2007).”
Brief History and Molecular Determinants of Snake Venom Disintegrin Evolution
Calvete, J. J. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_18 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Interaction of Bothrops jararaca venom metalloproteinases with protein inhibitors
Asega, A. F., Oliveira, A. K., Menezes, M. C., Neves‐Ferreira, A. G. C., & Serrano, S. M. T. (2014) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.01.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sant′Ana, E. M. C., Gouvêa, C. M. C. P., Nakaie, C. R., & Selistre-de-Araújo, H. S. (2008) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.07.030 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Takeda, S., Igarashi, T., Mori, H., & Araki, S.
- Affiliations
- SPring-8 (JP)
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (JP)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takeda, Soichi
- ORCID
- Takeda, Soichi
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2006-05-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2388-2396
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC1478178
- OpenAlex
- W2000001290
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 8.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Senri Life Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Keywords
- ADAMS, snake venom proteins, disintegrins, metalloproteinases, hypervariable region, disulfide bonds, calcium ions, extracellular matrix, crystal structure
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Crotalid Venoms, Humans, Metalloendopeptidases, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Alignment, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Crystallography, X-Ray, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, ADAM Proteins
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