Weight gain and adipose tissue metabolism after smoking cessation in women
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and is an important preventable cause of death and illness. One major deterrent to smoking cessation is a gain in body weight. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to this weight gain may maximize the success of long-term smoking cessation. We hypothesized that smoking cessation is associated with an increase in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (AT-LPL) activity and/or a decrease in lipolysis, two metabolic factors that determine the balance between fat storage and fat utilization, and thus affect the propensity for weight gain.Materials and methods Ten premenopausal women (37.1+/-6.2 y, 31.7+/-6.4 kg/m(2) body mass index (BMI), mean+/-s.d.) participated in a 4 week smoking cessation program. Measurements of body weight, waist and hip circumferences, adipose cell metabolism and resting metabolic rate were obtained at baseline and after 4 weeks of smoking cessation.Results Of the 10 women who began the intervention, five successfully completed the smoking cessation intervention. After 4 weeks of smoking cessation, there were significant increases in body weight (95.1+/-13.9-97.7+/-14.4 kg, P<0.05), with no change in waist and hip circumferences or resting energy expenditure. Gluteal AT-LPL activity significantly increased in all women by 2.8-fold (1.65+/-1.30-4.72+/-3.34 nmol/g/min, P<0.05). Abdominal AT-LPL activity increased in four out of the five women, but did not reach statistical significance (1.14+/-0.88-3.50+/-3.76 nmol/g/min, P=0.14). The increase in body weight correlated with the increase in gluteal AT-LPL activity (r=0.89, P<0.05), as well as the baseline activity of gluteal AT-LPL (r=0.86, P=0.06). There were no changes in basal or stimulated lipolysis in the gluteal or abdominal fat depots.Conclusions These results suggest that smoking cessation is associated with significant increases in body weight, as well as changes in adipose cell metabolism, in particular increases in AT-LPL activity. This increase in LPL activity may contribute to the increase in body weight associated with smoking cessation.
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Cigarette smoking enhances lipid oxidation, contributing to reduction in body weight.
“Additionally, CS has been shown to enhance lipid oxidation, contributing to the reduction in body weight [38].”
From An Overlooked Bone Metabolic Disorder: Cigarette Smoking-Induced Osteoporosis (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
Nicotine has a direct effect on fat metabolism, leading to increased lipid oxidation and decreased body mass index.
“In addition, nicotine seems to have a direct effect on fat metabolism, leading to an increase in lipid oxidation and, consequently, a decrease in body mass index (BMI) [26].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Ferrara, C., Kumar, M., Nicklas, B., McCrone, S., & Goldberg, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrara, CM
- ORCID
- Nicklas, B
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1322-1326
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2008922040
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R29 AG14066-02, T32AG00219, R29AG014066, T32AG000219, AG 00608)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- weight gain, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, lipolysis, adipose tissue metabolism, premenopausal women, resting metabolic rate, gluteal fat, abdominal fat, body weight
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Constitution, Buttocks, Female, Humans, Lipolysis, Lipoprotein Lipase, Obesity, Weight Gain, Smoking Cessation, Adipocytes, Premenopause, Leptin
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