Tabagismo e variação ponderal: a fisiopatologia e genética podem explicar esta associação?
Open accessAbstract
O tabagismo é a principal causa de morte prevenível na maioria dos países, inclusive no Brasil. Parar de fumar é uma estratégia importante para reduzir a morbidade e mortalidade associada às doenças tabaco-relacionadas. Sabe-se da relação inversa entre uso de nicotina e peso corporal, onde o índice de massa corporal tende a ser menor em fumantes quando comparados aos não fumantes. Além disso, abstinência tabágica resulta em aumento de peso, sendo que ex-fumantes geralmente aumentam de 5 a 6 kg, mas cerca de 10% adquirem mais de 10 kg. O tratamento farmacológico para a cessação do tabagismo pode atenuar este ganho de peso. O aumento de peso na cessação do tabagismo como contributório à epidemia de obesidade é pouco estudado. Nos EUA, calcula-se que a fração do problema atribuível à cessação do tabagismo seja de 6% para homens e 3,2% para mulheres. Os mecanismos não são claros, mas há evidências mostrando que a dopamina e serotonina diminuem a ingestão alimentar. A administração de nicotina por qualquer via eleva agudamente os níveis destes neurotransmissores no cérebro, causando menor necessidade de ingestão energética e diminuindo o apetite. Além disso, a nicotina tem efeito direto no metabolismo do tecido adiposo, influenciando a taxa de ganho ponderal após a cessação do tabagismo. A leptina, grelina e neuropeptídio Y são peptídeos que podem contribuir para esta relação inversa entre nicotina e índice de massa corporal, em um papel ainda não determinado como conseqüente ou causador das variações ponderais.
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Nicotine inhibits food ingestion by stimulating the secretion of both dopamine and serotonin.
“This is probably because nicotine, a major addictive substance in cigarettes, inhibits food ingestion by stimulating the secretion of both dopamine and serotonin [37].”
From An Overlooked Bone Metabolic Disorder: Cigarette Smoking-Induced Osteoporosis (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
Effects of smoking on body weight are due to nicotine, which suppresses appetite and promotes increased serum concentrations of dopamine and serotonin, inhibiting food ingestion.
“Effects of smoking on body weight are due to nicotine, which suppresses appetite and promotes the increase in serum concentrations of dopamine and serotonin, with the inhibition of food ingestion [25].”
From Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Chatkin, R., & Chatkin, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- ORCID
- Chatkin, José Miguel
- Venue
- Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 712-719
- ISSN
- 1806-3713 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031350152
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- pt
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- smoking, tobacco use, body weight, nicotine, obesity, appetite suppression, dopamine, serotonin, leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, adipose tissue metabolism, genetic factors, pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Appetite Regulation, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Hunger, Male, Neuropeptide Y, Nicotine, Obesity, Polymorphism, Genetic, Risk-Taking, Sex Factors, Smoking, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Smoking Cessation, Leptin, Ghrelin
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