The DOI matches its Crossref record; 110 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled
Abstract
Objective To investigate plausible contributors to the obesity epidemic beyond the two most commonly suggested factors, reduced physical activity and food marketing practices. Design A narrative review of data and published materials that provide evidence of the role of additional putative factors in contributing to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Data Information was drawn from ecological and epidemiological studies of humans, animal studies and studies addressing physiological mechanisms, when available. Results For at least 10 putative additional explanations for the increased prevalence of obesity over the recent decades, we found supportive (although not conclusive) evidence that in many cases is as compelling as the evidence for more commonly discussed putative explanations. Conclusion Undue attention has been devoted to reduced physical activity and food marketing practices as postulated causes for increases in the prevalence of obesity, leading to neglect of other plausible mechanisms and well-intentioned, but potentially ill-founded proposals for reducing obesity rates.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These factors do not require overeating or physical inactivity to explain excess weight88–90.”
From Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity (2020) · cites this paper as [89]
Citations
Cites
(1992) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(92)90338-v · Cited by 7,153
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002.
Hedley, A. A., Ogden, C., Johnson, C. L., Carroll, M., Curtin, L. R., & Flegal, K. (2004) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.291.23.2847 · Cited by 4,670
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01376-8 · Cited by 3,668
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062 · Cited by 2,477
Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., Penev, P., & Cauter, E. V. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008 · Cited by 2,459
Ludwig, D. S., Peterson, K. E., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04041-1 · Cited by 2,414
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis
Allison, D. B., Mentore, J. L., Heo, M., Chandler, L. P., Cappelleri, J. C., Infante, M. C., & Weiden, P. J. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.11.1686 · Cited by 2,382
Self-citationCigarette smoking among adults — United States, 1988
Bachman, J. G., Johnston, L. D., & O’Malley, P. M. (1992) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/0738-3991(92)90149-d · Cited by 1,705
Sleep Duration From Infancy to Adolescence: Reference Values and Generational Trends
Iglowstein, I., Jenni, O. G., Molinari, L., & Largo, R. H. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.2.302 · Cited by 1,318
Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-α knockout mice
Heine, P. A., Taylor, J. A., Iwamoto, G. A., Lubahn, D. B., & Cooke, P. S. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.23.12729 · Cited by 1,282
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 112 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Aronne LJ . Drug-induced weight gain: non-CNS medications. In: Aronne LJ (ed). A Practical Guide to Drug-induced Weight Gain. McGraw-Hill: Minneapolis, MN, 2002. pp 77–91.
- Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Sutton PD . Births: preliminary data for 2003. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2004; 53: 1–17.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 661
When surgery alone won’t cut it
Monpellier (2019) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20190322vm · Cited by 2
Role of CYP2B in Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism, Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Heintz, M. M. (2020) · TigerPrints (Clemson University) · Cited by 2
Human thermoregulation : individual differences in cold induced thermogenesis
van Ooijen, A. M. J. (2008) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20080910ao · Cited by 2
Policy Approaches to Obesity Prevention
Lobstein, T. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119695257.ch28 · Cited by 1
Obesity with Chinese Characteristics? Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in China
Gu, J., Yuan, Y., Land, K. C., & Fu, Q. (2022) · International handbooks of population · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10936-2_5 · Cited by 1
Fat as insurance, leanness as bodily display: did Ronald Reagan make us fat?
Haig, D. (2023) · Journal of Bioeconomics · doi:10.1007/s10818-023-09338-6 · Cited by 1
Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease
Garvey, W. T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82888-1_2 · Cited by 1
Short Sleep and Obesity Risk in Children
Hart, C. N., Kuhl, E. S., & Jelalian, E. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3492-4_7 · Cited by 1
Interventions before and during Pregnancy to Minimize the Risks of an Overweight Pregnancy
Nitert, M. D., Matusiak, K., Barrett, H. L., & Callaway, L. K. (2014) · Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop series · doi:10.1159/000360354 · Cited by 1
An Up-to-Date Vision on the Aetiology and on the Epidemiology of Obesity and Morbid Obesity
Liuzzi, A., & Blasio, A. M. D. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35972-9_1 · Cited by 1
Ingram, R. R., & DeCelle, G. (2012) · Nursing Management · doi:10.1097/01.numa.0000415490.97707.2c · Cited by 1
Free Access to Running Wheels Abolishes Hyperphagia in Human Growth Hormone Transgenic Rats
Komatsuda, M., Yamanouchi, K., Matsuwaki, T., & Nishihara, M. (2014) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.13-0390 · Cited by 1
The Relationship Between Obesity And Disorders Of The Alimentary Canal
Zenian, J. (2013) · Cited by 1
Hatch, E. E., Nelson, J. W., Troisi, R. J., & Titus, L. J. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-561-3_12 · Cited by 1
THE ROLE OF FAT MASS AND OBESITY ASSOCIATED GENE (FTO) IN SATIETY AND BINGE EATING DISORDER
de Castro, M. L. D., Horvath, J. D. C., Kops, N. L., & Friedman, R. (2015) · Clinical & Biomedical Research · doi:10.4322/2357-9730.58491 · Cited by 1
Investigating the Reliability and Validity of the Power of Food Scale (PFS)
Ashrafi, E., Kachooei, M., & ghazaghi, M. (2015) · Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology · Cited by 1
Bassin, S. L., Luo, Y., Li, A., Perez, A. J., & Wong, N. D. (2013) · Cardiovascular Endocrinology · doi:10.1097/xce.0b013e328360ae9f · Cited by 1
Assessment of eating behaviour in obese children of Bangor city
Qasem, A. O. (2016) · Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research · doi:10.24017/science.2016.1.1.3 · Cited by 1
Haas, R. (2017) · Wageningen Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-841-4_4 · Cited by 1
Huggins, G. S., Berger, S. E., & McCaffery, J. M. (2015) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-015-0464-3 · Cited by 1
Bollinger, C. E. (2017) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1
Obesity in 2018: Do we have an epidemic, and if so what caused it?
Shephard, R. J. (2018) · Health & fitness journal of Canada · doi:10.14288/hfjc.v11i2.248 · Cited by 1
Zhang, G. D., Black, L. J., Cooper, M. N., Lucas, R. M., & Gorman, S. (2019) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.13145 · Cited by 1
Alteration of Gut Microbiota in EDCs-Induced Metabolic Disorders
Fiayyaz, F., Rehman, K., Sharif, H., Irshad, K., Kamal, S., & Akash, M. S. H. (2020) · Emerging contaminants and associated treatment technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_9 · Cited by 1
Unpalatable food for thought: Let marketing research guide effective public obesity interventions
Holden, S. J. S., Zlatevska, N., Parkinson, J. E., Cadario, R., Dubelaar, C., Lei, J., Moore, E. S., Sayarh, N., Kerckhove, A. V., & Werle, C. O. C. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13141 · Cited by 1
Creative Destruction, Economic Insecurity, Stress, and Epidemic Obesity
Capehart, K. W., & Wisman, J. D. (2012) · British Academy eBooks · doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197264980.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Richardson, L. A. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420090031-3 · Cited by 1
Rapp, I., & Klein, T. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-06477-8_16-2 · Cited by 1
PSYCHO-SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF OBESITY AMONG MALE STUDENTS IN QASSIM UNIVERSITY IN SAUDI ARABIA.
Alabdullgader., A., Alaboudi., R., Almatrudi., N., Alshammasi., M., Alsamaani., A., Aldhubayb., Z., Almodhaibri., Y., Alfawzan., A., & Almutairi., A. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/2905 · Cited by 1
Noncommunicable diseases: more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of?
Faerstein, E. (2022) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00239221 · Cited by 1
Duffy, P. A., Zizza, C. A., Zhu, M., Kinnucan, H. W., & Tayie, F. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.6155 · Cited by 1
Environmental Contaminants and Obesity
Rönn, M. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Interventions for childhood overweight and obesity: A place for parenting skills
Gibbons, K. L. (2007) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00185.x · Cited by 1
Chang, H. (2014) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 1
Pesticide Exposures and Body-Mass-Index (BMI) in a Cohort of Male Pesticide Applicators
LaVerda, N. L. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
The Northway Wild Food and Health Project: Confronting the legacy of toxic waste along the Alcan
Godduhn, A. (2011) · ScholarWorks - UA (University of Alaska System) · Cited by 1
Autonomic Nervous System Response to Repeated Cold Exposure
Simmons, J. (2012) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.2819 · Cited by 1
Müller, M. J. (2011) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.8480959.8950058 · Cited by 1
Bolton, J. L. (2015) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Influência da restrição calórica materna moderada sobre o metabolismo energético em ratos Wistar
Teruya, T. S. (2013) · Acervo Digital da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Universidade Estadual Paulista)
Gagliardi, C. F. (2021) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/5768694
Kirkpatrick, J. R. (2009) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/9679
Suplementação crônica de leucina não impede a condição pró-inflamatória do destreinamento físico
Neto, E. M. D. M. (2011) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.9.2011.tde-22122011-085542
Risk Factors for Obesity among Saudi Female College Students
Shamsuddeen, S. B., Epuru, S., Syeda, B. F., & Rashedi, W. F. M. A. (2014) · International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research
Cold and diet induced thermogenesis in humans; Implications for obesity
Wijers, S. L. J. (2011) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20110407sw
Mustelin, L. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
The relationship between chronic sleep restriction, poor sleep quality and obesity in adults
Magee, C. (2008) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Evolutionary Aspects of Obesity and Adipose Tissue Function
Wells, J. C. K. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527629527.ch25
Mazzucatto, F. (2013) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.39.2013.tde-06082013-135619
Bogl, L. H. (2014) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Pintér, Z. (2013) · SZTE Repository of Dissertations (University of Szeged) · doi:10.14232/phd.1918
Lebensstilmaßnahmen bei Diabetes
Brath, H., & Francesconi, C. M. (2008) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)
Free-knot splines and bootstrapping for nonlinear modeling in complex samples
Allison, D. B., & Keith, S. W. (2008)
Self-citationGenetic Epidemiology of Obesity and Cancer
Gray‐McGuire, C., Adrianto, I., Nguyen, T. T., & Lin, C. P. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5515-9_4
Physical activity in the severely obese : Studies on measurement and promotion
Hemmingsson, E. (2007) · Figshare
A long term follow-up study: metabolic and other effects of dioxins, PCBs and PBDEs in adolescent
Leijs, M. M., Koppe, J. G., Olie, K., van Aalderen, W. M. C., de Voogt, P., Vulsma, T., & ten Tusscher, G. W. (2011) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)
Mythes largement répandus à propos de l’obésité
Chaput, J., Ferraro, Z. M., Prud’homme, D., & Sharma, A. M. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central)
Lombard, L. (2011) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Suplementação crônica de leucina não reduz efeitos deletérios do destreinamento em ratos
Trindade, M. C. D. C. (2011) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.9.2011.tde-31072015-160228
The Electronic Health Interview Questionnaire for Eating Habits on Board and Case Assessment
Fukuda, N., Kameyama, K., SHOJI, R., & ASHIDA, K. (2013) · The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation · doi:10.9749/jin.129.9
Scholz, F. H. V. (2011) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-11668
Maternal obesity surgery : effects in women, spouses and offspring
Berglind, D. (2014) · Figshare
Eating Behaviours and Attitudes in Narcolepsy and their Association with Sleepiness and Mood
Gatti, D. M. (2012) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)
Childhood Obesity: Turning a Risk Factor into a Solution
Jordan, R. (2014) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e503532017-001
Obesity - surgical treatment and molecular mechanisms
Anveden, Å. (2015) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
The Genetics of Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index: The Tale of Two Major Risk Factors.
Wu, C. (2013) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Circadian Clock and The Cardiometabolic Risk
Meiliana, A., & Wijaya, A. (2010) · The Indonesian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.18585/inabj.v2i2.116
Hammond, R. A. (2010)
Can lesser-known causes of obesity help build a more predictive physiological model?
Apovian, C. M., & Mechanick, J. I. (2008) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32831090a6
Deskriptive Epidemiologie von Übergewicht und Adipositas
Boeing, H., & Bachlechner, U. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54573-3_47
Pathways contributing to childhood weight development and overweight in Norway
Köpp, U. M. S., & Köpp, U. M. S. (2013)
Bräsel, S. (2009) · ACR North American Advances
Neto, I. J. F. C. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2016.tde-21012016-164210
Biopsychological Factors and Body Weight Stability
Chaput, J., & Tremblay, A. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374387-9.00014-3
Why Overweight/Obesity Leads to GERD
Pace, F., & Pace, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30361-1_13
Thorsell, E. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Environmental Estrogens, Endocrine Disruption, and Obesity
Saal, F. V., Coe, B., & Kirkpatrick, J. R. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420005479.pt2
Lahans, T. (2013) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789814436328_0005
Is There a Future for Gene Therapy in Obesity?
Zolotukhin, S. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420051452-30
Factores asociados a obesidad en niños peruanos
Zárate, R., & Emilio, Ó. (2013) · Cybertesis (National University of San Marcos)
Sedentary behavior, overweight and obesity: a systematic literature review on direction of causality
Veddegjerde, K. (2016) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))
Bachlechner, U. (2016) · DepositOnce · doi:10.14279/depositonce-5537
The preproglucagon derived peptides and energy homeostasis
Parker, J. (2013) · doi:10.25560/10956
Acculturation and Health Experiences Among Young Immigrant Canadians
KUKASWADIA, A. A. (2015) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
IMPACT DES PEPTIDES GASTRO-INTESTINAUX DANS LA PATHOGÉNÈSE DE L'OBÉSITÉ
Miegueu, P. (2012)
Rapp, I., & Klein, T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-06477-8_16-1
Psycho-social problems of obesity among male students in Qassim university in Saudi Arabia.
Alabdullgader., A., Alaboudi., R., Almatrudi., N., Alshammasi., M., Alsamaani., A., Aldhubayb., Z., Almodhaibri., Y., Alfawzan., A., & Almutairi., A. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/2839
Obesity and Eating Disorders: Perceptions of Dieting Behaviour
Gotovac, S. (2017)
Sleep and obesity. A preliminary study conducted at the sleep laboratory at Montfort Hospital
(2012) · Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie · doi:10.4414/sanp.2012.02400
SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU MEDICINSKI FAKULTET
Bukal, D. (2015)
Nichols, R. M. (2017) · Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College)
THE ROLE OF FAT MASS AND OBESITY-ASSOCIATED GENE POLYMORPHISM IN OBESE EGYPTIANS
Khella, M. S. (2014) · Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.21608/ajps.2016.6951
O papel da melatonina na regulação do tecido adiposo marrom
Halpern, B. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2018.tde-31102018-131724
The health risks associated with prolonged sedentary behaviour: a systematic review.
Heaslop, M. J. A. (2012) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
Prenatal phthalate exposures and childhood adiposity: examining the obesogen hypothesis
Buckley, J. P. (2014) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/25fb-fj76
Rôle des exosomes dans la dysfonction endothéliale associée au syndrome métabolique
Malloci, M. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0feb6835z080az4ad8z92c0z7e2f464f9e60
Epidemiologic studies of cancers of the skin
Dusingize, J. C. (2019) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2019.970
Metadata
- Authors
- Keith, S. W., Redden, D. T., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Boggiano, M. M., Hanlon, E. C., Benca, R. M., Ruden, D., Pietrobelli, A., Barger, J. L., Fontaine, K. R., Wang, C., Aronne, L. J., Wright, S. M., Baskin, M., Dhurandhar, N. V., Lijoi, M. C., Grilo, C. M., DeLuca, M., Westfall, A. O., & Allison, D. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Queen's University (CA)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2006-06-27
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1585-1594
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2138122607
- Cited by
- 659
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA012276)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA105349)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056336)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES012933)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity epidemic, physical activity, food marketing, obesity prevention, animal models of obesity, obesity risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Disease Outbreaks, Endocrine System, Female, Humans, Maternal Age, Obesity, Selection, Genetic, Sleep, Smoking, Temperature, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Epigenesis, Genetic, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review