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Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less traveled
Abstract
Objective To investigate plausible contributors to the obesity epidemic beyond the two most commonly suggested factors, reduced physical activity and food marketing practices. Design A narrative review of data and published materials that provide evidence of the role of additional putative factors in contributing to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Data Information was drawn from ecological and epidemiological studies of humans, animal studies and studies addressing physiological mechanisms, when available. Results For at least 10 putative additional explanations for the increased prevalence of obesity over the recent decades, we found supportive (although not conclusive) evidence that in many cases is as compelling as the evidence for more commonly discussed putative explanations. Conclusion Undue attention has been devoted to reduced physical activity and food marketing practices as postulated causes for increases in the prevalence of obesity, leading to neglect of other plausible mechanisms and well-intentioned, but potentially ill-founded proposals for reducing obesity rates.
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“These factors do not require overeating or physical inactivity to explain excess weight88–90.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Keith, S. W., Redden, D. T., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Boggiano, M. M., Hanlon, E. C., Benca, R. M., Ruden, D., Pietrobelli, A., Barger, J. L., Fontaine, K. R., Wang, C., Aronne, L. J., Wright, S. M., Baskin, M., Dhurandhar, N. V., Lijoi, M. C., Grilo, C. M., DeLuca, M., Westfall, A. O., & Allison, D. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Queen's University (CA)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2006-06-27
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1585-1594
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2138122607
- Cited by
- 659
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA012276)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA105349)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056336)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES012933)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity epidemic, physical activity, food marketing, obesity prevention, animal models of obesity, obesity risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Disease Outbreaks, Endocrine System, Female, Humans, Maternal Age, Obesity, Selection, Genetic, Sleep, Smoking, Temperature, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Epigenesis, Genetic, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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