Enhanced oxidative stress in iNOS-deficient mice after traumatic brain injury: support for a neuroprotective role of iNOS
Open accessAbstract
Studies in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggest both deleterious and protective effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Early after injury, iNOS may be detrimental via formation of peroxynitrite and iNOS inhibitors are protective. In contrast, we reported impaired long-term functional outcome after TBI in iNOS knockout (ko) versus wild-type (wt) mice. To elucidate potential neuroprotective and neurotoxic mechanisms for iNOS, we studied nitric oxide formation by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using diethyldithiocarbamate—iron (DETC—Fe) as a spin trap and markers of nitrosative ( S-nitrosothiol (RSNO, Fluorescent assay); nitrotyrosine (3NT, ELISA)) and oxidative stress (ascorbate, HPLC) at 72 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in iNOS ko and wt and in uninjured iNOS ko and wt mice. 3NT immunostaining with macrophage and myeloperoxidase (MPO) dual labeling was also assessed in brain sections. Brain DETC—Fe—NO low-temperature EPR signal intensity was ∼2-fold greater in wt versus iNOS ko at 72 h after CCI. Ascorbate levels decreased in injured hemisphere in wt and iNOS ko versus uninjured —this decrease was more pronounced in iNOS ko. In wt mice, RSNO and 3NT levels were increased after CCI versus uninjured (50% and 400%, respectively, P<0.05). RSNO levels were not increased in iNOS ko after CCI. Nitrotyrosine levels increased after CCI in wt and ko versus respective uninjured —this increase was more pronounced in wt (2.34±0.95 versus 1.27±0.49 pmol/mg protein, P<0.05). Increased 3NT immunoreactivity was detected in wt versus iNOS ko at 72 h after CCI, and colocalized with macrophage marker and MPO. Our data support a role for iNOS-derived NO as an endogenous antioxidant after CCI. iNOS also contributes protein nitrosylation and nitration. Colocalization of 3NT with macrophages and MPO suggests generation of nitrating agents by macrophages and/or phagocytosis of nitrated proteins.
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Oxidative stress occurring after TBI contributes both to microvascular damage and to neuronal damage.
“The oxidative stress occurring after TBI contributes both to microvascular damage and to neuronal damage (97, 124, 125).”
From Pituitary Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as [124]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says oxidative stress is detrimental after TBI, supporting the general claim of damage. The paper does not say that this stress contributes to microvascular damage, and its Assessment of Neuropathology (page unavailable) does not establish a direct link to neuronal damage. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Bayır, H., Kagan, V. E., Borisenko, G. G., Tyurina, Y. Y., Janesko, K. L., Vagni, V. A., Billiar, T. R., Williams, D. L., & Kochanek, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bayır, Hülya
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 673-684
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- OpenAlex
- W2089885268
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl064145-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL64145)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-30318)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- inducible nitric oxide synthase, traumatic brain injury, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, nitrotyrosine, S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite, nitrosative stress, protein nitration, protein nitrosylation, macrophages, myeloperoxidase, controlled cortical impact, iNOS knockout mice, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Injuries, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peroxidase, Nitric Oxide, Tyrosine, Mice, Knockout, Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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