Production of cytokines following brain injury: Beneficial and deleterious for the damaged tissue
Abstract
A profound inflammatory response is initiated immediately following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is characterized by the release of several cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In order to elucidate which cytokines are released in the human brain in response to injury as well as in the peripheral compartment, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta were monitored in CSF and serum of severely brain-injured patients. Furthermore, we investigated the possible modulation of systemic reactions by IL-6 and the ability of IL-6 and IL-8 to promote the synthesis of nerve growth factor.
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Head trauma is known to cause microglial activation and neuroinflammation.
“Head trauma is known to cause microglial activation and neuroinflammation [498,499,500,501]”
From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [501]
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- Authors
- Morganti-Kossman, M. C., Lenzlinger, P. M., Hans, V, Stahel, P., Csuka, E., Ammann, E., Stocker, R., Trentz, O., & Kossmann, T.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- ORCID
- Stocker, R
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 1997-03-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-136
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- OpenAlex
- W1975908033
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, cytokines, neuroinflammation, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-1, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-beta, cerebrospinal fluid, serum cytokines, systemic inflammatory response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Injuries, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Inflammation, Nerve Growth Factors, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-8, Mice, Rats
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