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Trends in mental illness and suicidality after Hurricane Katrina
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A representative sample of 815 pre-hurricane residents of the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina was interviewed 5-8 months after the hurricane and again 1 year later as the Hurricane Katrina Community Advisory Group (CAG). The follow-up survey was carried out to study patterns-correlates of recovery from hurricane-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), broader anxiety-mood disorders and suicidality. The Trauma Screening Questionnaire screening scale of PTSD and the K6 screening scale of anxiety-mood disorders were used to generate DSM-IV prevalence estimates. Contrary to results in other disaster studies, where post-disaster mental disorder typically decreases with time, prevalence increased significantly in the CAG for PTSD (20.9 vs 14.9% at baseline), serious mental illness (SMI; 14.0 vs 10.9%), suicidal ideation (6.4 vs 2.8%) and suicide plans (2.5 vs 1.0%). The increases in PTSD-SMI were confined to respondents not from the New Orleans Metropolitan Area, while the increases in suicidal ideation-plans occurred both in the New Orleans sub-sample and in the remainder of the sample. Unresolved hurricane-related stresses accounted for large proportions of the inter-temporal increases in SMI (89.2%), PTSD (31.9%) and suicidality (61.6%). Differential hurricane-related stress did not explain the significantly higher increases among respondents from areas other than New Orleans, though, as this stress was both higher initially and decreased less among respondents from the New Orleans Metropolitan Area than from other areas affected by the hurricane. Outcomes were only weakly related to socio-demographic variables, meaning that high prevalence of hurricane-related mental illness remains widely distributed in the population nearly 2 years after the hurricane.
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“exposure to hurricanes and floods is associated with symptoms of acute depression as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (22-27)”
From Empirical evidence of mental health risks posed by climate change (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Researchers tend to conceptualize mental health solely as mental illness and mental problems, administering surveys using validated instruments that assess mental health problems and issues like: generalized anxiety disorder (using the general anxiety disorder, GAD-2 questionnaire), PTSD (PCL-6 checklist), and psychological distress (via the general health questionnaire, GHQ-12) following an ext”
From Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Kessler et al. conducted interviews with Hurricane Katrina survivors 5–8 months post-event and 1-year post-event, these authors found an increase in mental health disorders as time progressed [65]. For example, PTSD increased from 14.9% at 5–8 months to 20.9% after 1 year.”
From Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
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“Most mental health problems following such severe stressors are of a subclinical severity, e.g., [5].”
From Promoting Recovery from Disasters, Pandemics, and Trauma: A Systematic Review of Brief Psychological Interventions to Reduce Distress in Adults, Children, and Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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“A substantial number of survivors of disasters, pandemics, and other severe stressors develop persistent distress that impairs mental health and well-being.”
From Promoting Recovery from Disasters, Pandemics, and Trauma: A Systematic Review of Brief Psychological Interventions to Reduce Distress in Adults, Children, and Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
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“there is evidence that most mental health difficulties following disaster are of a mild-to-moderate (i.e., subclinical) severity (11)”
From An Open Label Pilot Study of a Brief Psychosocial Intervention for Disaster and Trauma Survivors (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kessler, R. C., Galea, S., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Ursano, R. J., & Wessely, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kessler, R C
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2008-01-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 374-384
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC2556982
- OpenAlex
- W2014840309
- Cited by
- 617
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 40.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh070884-05)
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01‐MH070884, MH070884, R01 MH070884-01A2)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- Hurricane Katrina, post-traumatic stress disorder, severe mental illness, suicidality, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, disaster mental health, disaster recovery, New Orleans
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Disasters, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Change Events, Louisiana, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Suicide, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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