The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide cooperate for apoptosis through phosphorylated RXR alpha
Open accessAbstract
Arsenite trioxide (As2O3) induces apoptosis in several cell lines by disturbing key signal transduction pathways through its oxidative properties. Here, we report that As2O3 also induces the phosphorylation of the retinoid receptor RXRalpha, subsequent to oxidative damages and the activation of the stress-activated protein kinases cascade (JNKs). We also report that RA amplifies both As2O3-induced phosphorylation of RXRalpha and apoptosis. Taking advantage of 'rescue' F9 cell lines expressing RXRalpha mutated at its phosphorylation sites, in an RXRalpha null background, we provide evidence that RXRalpha is a key element involved in that potentiating effect. Finally, we demonstrate that As2O3 also abrogates the transactivation of RA-target genes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
p38MAPK phosphorylates RXRα at three residues located in the NTD.
“Indeed, p38MAPK phosphorylates RXR ␣ at three residues located in the NTD ( 144, 145 ), but the consequences on transcription remain ill defi ned.”
From Vitamin A and retinoid signaling: genomic and nongenomic effects (2013) · cites this paper as [145]
Citations
Cites
A decade of molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors
Chambon, P. (1996) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.9.8801176 · Cited by 2,889
SP600125, an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase
Bennett, B. L., Sasaki, D. T., Murray, B. W., O'Leary, E. C., Sakata, S. T., Xu, W., Leisten, J. C., Motiwala, A., Pierce, S., Satoh, Y., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.251194298 · Cited by 2,558
de Thé, H., Chomienne, C., Lanotte, M., Degos, L., & Dejean, A. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/347558a0 · Cited by 1,353
The promise of retinoids to fight against cancer
Altucci, L., & Gronemeyer, H. (2001) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/35106036 · Cited by 773
Nuclear retinoid receptors and the transcription of retinoid-target genes
Bastien, J., & Rochette-Egly, C. (2004) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2003.12.005 · Cited by 773
Self-citationOxidative mechanism of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis
Shi, H., Shi, X., & Liu, K. J. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/b:mcbi.0000007262.26044.e8 · Cited by 684
Shen, Z., Shi, Z., Fang, J., Gu, B.-W., Li, J., Zhu, Y., Shi, J., Zheng, P., Yan, H., Liu, Y., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400053101 · Cited by 583
Lallemand-Breitenbach, V., Zhu, J., Puvion-dutilleul, F., Koken, M. H. M., Honoré, N., Doubeikovsky, A., Duprez, E., Pandolfi, P. P., Puvion, E., Freemont, P. S., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.193.12.1361 · Cited by 488
The tumor promoter arsenite stimulates AP‐1 activity by inhibiting a JNK phosphatase.
Cavigelli, M., Li, W. W., Lin, A., Su, B., Yoshioka, K., & Karin, M. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01017.x · Cited by 415
Zhu, J., Gianni’, M., Kopf, E., Honoré, N., Chelbi‐Alix, M. K., Koken, M. H. M., Quignon, F., Rochette‐Egly, C., & de Thé, H. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.14807 · Cited by 371
Self-citationKapahi, P., Takahashi, T., Natoli, G., Adams, S., Chen, Y., Tsien, R. Y., & Karin, M. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m007204200 · Cited by 359
Ets ternary complex transcription factors
Buchwalter, G., Gross, C., & Wasylyk, B. (2004) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2003.09.028 · Cited by 336 · cited 1×
“These results are consistent with other reports indicating that JNKs mediate As2O3 signaling to several target genes through the phosphorylation of multiple transcription regulators (Bebien et al., 2003; Li et al., 2003b; Xi and Kersh, 2003; Buchwalter et al., 2004).”
ResultNuclear hormone receptor antagonism with AP-1 by inhibition of the JNK pathwayPreprint
Caelles, C., González‐Sancho, J. M., & Múñoz, A. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.24.3351 · Cited by 327
How acute promyelocytic leukaemia revived arsenic
Zhu, J., Chen, Z., Lallemand-Breitenbach, V., & de Thé, H. (2002) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc887 · Cited by 324
The Nuclear Receptor FactsBook
(2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-437735-6.x5000-0 · Cited by 314
Rochette-Egly, C., Adam, S., Rossignol, M., Egly, J.-M., & Chambon, P. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80317-7 · Cited by 308 · cited 6×
“The pSG5-based expression vectors for mouse (m) RARg2, mRARg2S66/68A, mRARa1, mRARaS77A, mRXRa and mRXRaS61A/S75A/T87A were previously described (Rochette-Egly et al., 1997; Adam-Stitah et al., 1999; Bastien et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNuclear receptors: integration of multiple signalling pathways through phosphorylation
Rochette-Egly, C. (2003) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00115-8 · Cited by 291
Self-citationOxidative stress as a possible mode of action for arsenic carcinogenesis
Kitchin, K. T., & Ahmad, S. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00376-4 · Cited by 291
Molecular mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis
Huang, C., Ke, Q., Costa, M., & Shi, X. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/b:mcbi.0000007261.04684.78 · Cited by 286
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF ARSENIC STRESS
Bernstam, L. (2000) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/109374000436355 · Cited by 280
DNA Damage Induced by Methylated Trivalent Arsenicals Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species
Nesnow, S., Roop, B. C., Lambert, G. R., Kadiiska, M. B., Mason, R. P., Cullen, W., & Mass, M. J. (2002) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx025598y · Cited by 251
Meriin, A. B., Yaglom, J. A., Gabai, V. L., Mosser, D. D., Zon, L. I., & Sherman, M. Y. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.4.2547 · Cited by 237
Arsenic trioxide, a therapeutic agent for APL
Zhang, T.-D., Chen, G., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Chen, S., & Chen, Z. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204762 · Cited by 231
Schwerdtle, T. (2003) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgg018 · Cited by 223
Liu, Q., Hilsenbeck, S. G., & Gazitt, Y. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-10-3231 · Cited by 205
Rego, E. M., He, L.-Z., Warrell, R. P., Wang, Z., & Pandolfi, P. P. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.180290497 · Cited by 194
Keriel, A., Stary, A., Sarasin, A., Rochette-Egly, C., & Egly, J.-M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00692-x · Cited by 192
Self-citationStress-induced immediate-early gene, egr-1, involves activation of p38/JNK1
Lim, C. P., Jain, N. K., & Cao, X. (1998) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201834 · Cited by 172
Gianni’, M., Koken, M. H. M., Chelbi‐Alix, M. K., Benoit, G., Lanotte, M., Chen, Z., & de Thé, H. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v91.11.4300 · Cited by 163
Self-citationEffect of oxidative DNA damage in promoter elements on transcription factor binding
Ghosh, R., & Mitchell, D. L. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.15.3213 · Cited by 152
Giannì, M., Bauer, A., Garattini, E., Chambon, P., & Rochette‐Egly, C. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf374 · Cited by 151
Self-citationZhu, J., Lallemand-Breitenbach, V., & de Thé, H. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204852 · Cited by 151
Hayakawa, F., & Privalsky, M. L. (2004) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(04)00082-0 · Cited by 144
Arsenic induces oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells
Kessel, M., Liu, S. X., Xu, A., Santella, R., & Hei, T. K. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1015927406142 · Cited by 135
Clifford, J. L., Chiba, H., Sobieszczuk, D., METZGER, D., & Chambon, P. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00789.x · Cited by 132
Nuclear receptors in cell life and death
Altucci, L., & Gronemeyer, H. (2001) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00502-1 · Cited by 127
Immunodetection of multiple species of retinoic acid receptor α: Evidence for phosphorylation
Gaub, M. P., Rochette‐Egly, C., Lutz, Y., Ali, S., Matthes, H. W. D., Scheuer, I., & Chambon, P. (1992) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(92)90282-d · Cited by 124
Self-citationVerma, A., Mohindru, M., Deb, D. K., Sassano, A., Kambhampati, S., Ravandi, F., Minucci, S., Kalvakolanu, D. V., & Platanias, L. C. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m207176200 · Cited by 122
Lerner, L. R., Henriksen, M. A., Zhang, X., & Darnell, J. E., Jr. (2003) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1135003 · Cited by 116
Taneja, R., Rochette‐Egly, C., Plassat, J., Penna, L., Gaub, M., & Chambon, P. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.21.6452 · Cited by 113
Self-citationRAR‐independent RXR signaling induces t(15;17) leukemia cell maturation
Benoit, G., Altucci, L., Flexor, M., Ruchaud, S., Lillehaug, J., Raffelsberger, W., Gronemeyer, H., & Lanotte, M. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.24.7011 · Cited by 111
Bastien, J., Adam-Stitah, S., Riedl, T., Egly, J.-M., Chambon, P., & Rochette-Egly, C. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m001985200 · Cited by 107
Self-citationLi, J., Chen, P., Sinogeeva, N. I., Gorospe, M., Wersto, R. P., Chrest, F. J., Barnes, J., & Liu, Y. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m207836200 · Cited by 102
Li, J., Gorospe, M., Barnes, J., & Liu, Y. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m300269200 · Cited by 99
Lee, H., Sueoka, N., Hong, W.-K., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Claret, F. X., & Kurie, J. M. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.3.1973 · Cited by 94
Stress Pathway Activation Induces Phosphorylation of Retinoid X Receptor
Lee, H., Suh, Y., Robinson, M. J., Clifford, J. L., Hong, W. K., Woodgett, J. R., Cobb, M. H., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kurie, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m005490200 · Cited by 91
Zhu, Q., Zhang, J., Zhu, H., Shen, Y., Flexor, M., Jia, P.-M., Yu, Y., Cai, X., Waxman, S., Lanotte, M., et al. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v99.3.1014 · Cited by 88
Mologni, L., Ponzanelli, I., Bresciani, F., Sardiello, G., Bergamaschi, D., Gianni’, M., Reichert, U., Rambaldi, A., Terao, M., & Garattini, E. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v93.3.1045 · Cited by 88
Self-citationHyperphosphorylation of the Retinoid X Receptor α by Activated c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinases
Adam-Stitah, S., Penna, L., Chambon, P., & Rochette‐Egly, C. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.27.18932 · Cited by 84
Self-citationDetection of Retinoid X Receptors Using Specific Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
Rochette‐Egly, C., Lutz, Y., Pfister, V., Heyberger, S., Scheuer, I., Chambon, P., & Gaub, M. P. (1994) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2491 · Cited by 75
Self-citationIordanov, M. S., & Magun, B. E. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25801 · Cited by 69
Bebien, M., Salinas, S., Bécamel, C., Richard, V., Linares, L. K., & Hipskind, R. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206334 · Cited by 65
Roussel, M. J. S., & Lanotte, M. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204863 · Cited by 61
He, Z., Ma, W.-Y., Liu, G., Zhang, Y., Bode, A. M., & Dong, Z. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m208581200 · Cited by 58
Hong, S.-H., Yang, Z.-H., & Privalsky, M. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.21.7172-7182.2001 · Cited by 56
Gianni’, M., Kopf, E., Bastien, J., Oulad‐Abdelghani, M., Garattini, E., Chambon, P., & Rochette‐Egly, C. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c200230200 · Cited by 53
Self-citationBcl3, an IκB Protein, as a Novel Transcription Coactivator of the Retinoid X Receptor
Na, S., Choi, H., Kim, J. W., Na, D. S., & Lee, J. W. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.47.30933 · Cited by 37
Differential effects of stress stimuli on a JNK-inactivating phosphatase
Theodosiou, A. M., & Ashworth, A. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205309 · Cited by 36
Sakaue, M., Adachi, H., Dawson, M. I., & Jetten, A. M. (2001) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400818 · Cited by 30
Boudjelal, M., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J. (2002) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5450 · Cited by 24
Xi, H., & Kersh, G. J. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.315 · Cited by 24
Puccetti, E., Beißert, T., Gueller, S., Li, J. E., Hoelzer, D. F., Ottmann, O. G., & Ruthardt, M. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206747 · Cited by 20
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Gianni M, Koken MH, Chelbi-Alix MK, Benoit G, Lanotte M, Chen Z and de The H . (1998). Blood., 91, 4300–4310. · DOI
- Laudet V and Gronemeyer H . (2001). Nuclear Receptor Factsbook. Academic Press: London.
- Mologni L, Ponzanelli I, Bresciani F, Sardiello G, Bergamaschi D, Gianni M, Reichert U, Rambaldi A, Terao M and Garattini E . (1999). Blood, 93, 1045–1061. · DOI
- Zhu Q, Zhang JW, Zhu HQ, Shen YL, Flexor M, Jia PM, Yu Y, Cai X, Waxman S, Lanotte M, Chen SJ, Chen Z and Tong JH . (2002b). Blood, 99, 1014–1022. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: from highly fatal to highly curable
Wang, Z., & Chen, Z. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-07-102798 · Cited by 1,282
Uses for JNK: the Many and Varied Substrates of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases
Bogoyevitch, M. A., & Kobe, B. (2006) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00025-06 · Cited by 584
Vitamin A and retinoid signaling: genomic and nongenomic effects
Al Tanoury, Z., Piskunov, A., & Rochette-Egly, C. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r030833 · Cited by 408
Self-citationChen, S., Zhou, G., Zhang, X., Mao, J.-H., de Thé, H., & Chen, Z. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-11-283598 · Cited by 189
RXR Is an Essential Component of the Oncogenic PML/RARA Complex In Vivo
Zhu, J., Nasr, R., Pérès, L., Riaucoux, F., Honoré, N., Berthier, C., Kamashev, D., Zhou, J., Vitoux, D., Lavau, C., et al. (2007) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.06.004 · Cited by 112
Litzow, M. R. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.9.10.1773 · Cited by 45
Arsenic trioxide inhibits nuclear receptor function via SEK1/JNK-mediated RXRα phosphorylation
Mann, K. K., Padovani, A. M. S., Guo, Q., Colosimo, A. L., Lee, H., Kurie, J. M., & Miller, W. H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23628 · Cited by 43
Retinoic acid inhibits endometrial cancer cell growth via multiple genomic mechanisms
Cheng, Y., Utsunomiya, H., Pavone, M. E., Yin, P., & Bulun, S. E. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-10-0064 · Cited by 42
Nuclear and Extra-Nuclear Effects of Retinoid Acid Receptors: How They Are Interconnected
Piskunov, A., Tanoury, Z. A., & Rochette‐Egly, C. (2014) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9050-5_6 · Cited by 38
Self-citationHui, H., Chen, Y., Yang, H., Zhao, K., Wang, Q. Q., Zhao, L., Wang, X., Li, Z., Lu, N., & Guo, Q. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28435 · Cited by 32
Targeting truncated RXRα for cancer therapy
Zhang, X.-K., Zhou, H., & Su, Y. (2015) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gmv104 · Cited by 31
The Estrogen-responsive B Box Protein Is a Novel Regulator of the Retinoid Signal
Cheung, B. B., Bell, J. L., Raif, A., Bohlken, A., Yan, J., Roediger, B., Poljak, A., Smith, S. A., Lee, M., Thomas, W. D., et al. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m600879200 · Cited by 31
Zappalà, G., Elbi, C., Edwards, J., Gorenstein, J., Rechler, M. M., & Bhattacharyya, N. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-1315 · Cited by 21
How retinoic acid and arsenic transformed acute promyelocytic leukemia therapy
Korsos, V., & Miller, W. H. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-22-0141 · Cited by 21
Overview of the structure-based non-genomic effects of the nuclear receptor RXRα
Chen, L., Wu, L. J., Zhu, L., & Zhao, Y. (2018) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-018-0103-3 · Cited by 17
Bour, G., Taneja, R., & Rochette‐Egly, C. (2006) · Advances in developmental biology · doi:10.1016/s1574-3349(06)16007-x · Cited by 16
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of the Antileukemia Activities of Retinoid and Arsenic
Nitto, T., & Sawaki, K. (2014) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1254/jphs.14r15cp · Cited by 16
Noreault, T. L., Fellows, A. M., Jacobs, J. M., Trask, H. W., Strom, S. C., Evans, R. M., Wrighton, S. A., Sinclair, P. R., Sinclair, J. F., & Nichols, R. C. (2012) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.01.008 · Cited by 15
Application of Arsenic Trioxide Therapy for Patients with Leukaemia
Yuan, B., Yoshino, Y., Kaise, T., & Toyoda, H. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470975503.ch11 · Cited by 15
Polo, A., Marchese, S., Petro, G. D., Montella, M., Ciliberto, G., Budillon, A., & Costantini, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28739-6 · Cited by 13
Arsenic represses airway epithelial mucin expression by affecting retinoic acid signaling pathway
Liu, Y., Liu, F., Liang, W., Zhu, L., Lantz, R. C., Zhu, J., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.114959 · Cited by 10
RXR, un cofacteur essentiel à la transformation dans les leucémies aiguës promyélocytaires
Halftermeyer, J., Bras, M. L., & de Thé, H. (2011) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/20112711013 · Cited by 4
Vitamin A and the Retinoid System – From Nutrition to Endocrine Disruption
Håkansson, H. (2020) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839160738-00268 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Tarrade, A., Bastien, J., Bruck, N., Bauer, A., Gianni, M., & Rochette-Egly, C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2005-01-31
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2277-2288
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- OpenAlex
- W2045410500
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Keywords
- retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, RXRα, receptor phosphorylation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, F9 cells, drug synergy
- MeSH terms
- Arsenic Trioxide, Animals, Arsenicals, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Oxides, Phosphorylation, Plasmids, Tretinoin, Apoptosis, DNA Primers, Dimerization, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Line, Tumor, Retinoid X Receptor alpha, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review