Nuclear retinoid receptors and the transcription of retinoid-target genes
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of retinoids are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs) which are ligand-activated transcription factors. In response to retinoid binding, RAR/RXR heterodimers undergo major conformational changes and orchestrate the transcription of specific gene networks, through binding to specific DNA response elements and recruiting cofactor complexes that act to modify local chromatin structure and/or engage the basal transcription machinery. Then the degradation of RARs and RXRs by the ubiquitin-proteasome controls the magnitude and the duration of the retinoid response. RARs and RXRs also integrate a variety of signaling pathways through phosphorylation events which cooperate with the ligand for the control of retinoid-target genes transcription. These different modes of regulation reveal unexpected levels of complexity in the dynamics of retinoid-dependent transcription.
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Classically, RAREs are composed of two direct repeats (DR) of a core hexameric motif (A/G)G(G/T)TCA separated by 1, 2, or 5 nucleotides and referred as DR1, DR2, and DR5.
“Classically, RAREs are composed of two direct repeats (DR) of a core hexameric motif (A/G) G (G/T) TCA separated by 1, 2, or 5 nucleotides and referred as DR1, DR2, and DR5 ( 26, 76, 77 ) ( Fig. 3B ).”
From Vitamin A and retinoid signaling: genomic and nongenomic effects (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
RARs heterodimerized with RXRs bind to specific retinoic acid response elements (RARE) located in the promoters of target genes.
“RARs heterodimerized with RXRs bind to specifi c retinoic acid response elements (RARE) located in the promoters of target genes.”
From Vitamin A and retinoid signaling: genomic and nongenomic effects (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Bastien, J., & Rochette-Egly, C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Gene
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 328
- Pages
- 1-16
- ISSN
- 0378-1119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133197725
- Cited by
- 773
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 4.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, ligand-activated transcription factors, receptor heterodimers, DNA response elements, chromatin remodeling, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, receptor phosphorylation, signaling pathway integration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Cysteine Endopeptidases, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Models, Genetic, Multienzyme Complexes, Phosphorylation, Retinoids, Transcription, Genetic, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Ubiquitin, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
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