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Autocrine IL-6-induced Stat3 activation contributes to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma and malignant pleural effusion
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a poor prognostic sign for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The generation of MPE is largely regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and upregulation of VEGF by Stat3 has been observed in several types of tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrate constitutively activated Stat3 in several human lung cancer cell lines and in tumor cells infiltrated in the pleurae of patients with adenocarcinoma cell lung cancer (ADCLC) and MPE. The observations suggest that activated Stat3 plays a role in the pathogenesis of ADCLC. In PC14PE6/AS2 cells, a Stat3-positive human ADCLC cell line, autocrine IL-6 activated Stat3 via JAKs, not via Src kinase. PC14PE6/AS2 cells express higher VEGF mRNA and protein than do Stat3-negative PC14PE6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. In an animal model, PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells produced no MPE and less lung metastasis than did PC14P6/AS2 cells. PC14PE6/AS2 cells also expressed higher VEGF protein, microvessel density, and vascular permeability in tumors than did PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that autocrine IL-6 activation of Stat3 in ADCLC may be involved in the formation of malignant pleural effusion by upregulating VEGF. Higher levels of IL-6 and VEGF were also found in the pleural fluids of patients with ADCLC than in patients with congestive heart failure. The autocrine IL-6/Stat3/VEGF signaling pathway may also be activated in patients with ADCLC and MPE. These findings provide novel targets for the management of MPE.
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“Overexpression of RTK ligands, such as IL-6 or transforming growth factor-α, can also lead to persistent STAT3 activation via autocrine signaling through their receptors.57,58”
From Critical analysis of the potential for targeting STAT3 in human malignancy (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
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“IL-6 as anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic cytokine was reported in serum and malignant pleural effusions in lung adenocarcinoma patients (Brooks et al., 2016; Yeh et al., 2006).”
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“In 2012 and 2016, Li and Wang also reported that interleukin 6 can realize the construction of corresponding microenvironments through the JAK/STT, Ras/Erk, and P13K-mediated signal pathways (84-86).”
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“The parental PC14PE6 cell line was generously provided by Dr Fidler (MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA), and its derivative PC14PE6/AS2 (AS2) cell line was subsequently established in our laboratory.(28) The AS2 cells were maintained in Minimum Essential Medium Alpha Modification (α-MEM; Life Technologies) s…”
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Self-citationAutocrine IL-6 regulates GRO-α production in thymic epithelial cells
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“Other molecules that are involved in pleural fluid (PF) formation include signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [6,7], transforming growth factor β (TGF-β ) [8], interleukin (IL)-10 [9], and IL-6 [10].”
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“A further study noted that even after 5 months of infection, cross-reactive CD4 T cells are still found in 70% of the convalescent infected population [35”
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Goubran, H., Stakiw, J., Seghatchian, J., Ragab, G., & Burnouf, T. (2022) · Transfusion and Apheresis Science · doi:10.1016/j.transci.2022.103488 · Cited by 10
Autocrine Regulation of Interleukin-6 via the Activation of STAT3 and Akt in Cardiac Myxoma Cells
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“As JAKs are activated by cytokine receptors and several studies proposed autocrine IL-6 signaling in tumor cell lines ( Kawashima et al., 2001 ; Yeh et al., 2006 ; Gao et al., 2007 ; Hartman et al., 2011 ; Rodriguez-Barrueco et al., 2015 ), we envisaged an autocrine activity of IL-6 produced by…”
Role of IL‐6 and STAT3 signaling in dihydropyridine‐induced gingival overgrowth fibroblasts
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Suppressing STAT3 activity protects the endothelial barrier from VEGF-mediated vascular permeability
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A sulindac analogue is effective against malignant pleural effusion in mice.
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A Novel Aldisine Derivative Exhibits Potential Antitumor Effects by Targeting JAK/STAT3 Signaling
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“STAT3 can be activated in cancer cells in a constitutive or IL-6-induced manner [25,26].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yeh, H.-H., Lai, W.-W., Chen, H. H. W., Liu, H.-S., & Su, W.-C.
- Affiliations
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, H-S
- Su, W-C
- ORCID
- Su, W-C
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2006-03-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 31
- Pages
- 4300-4309
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- OpenAlex
- W2022200777
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 6.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases
- Keywords
- malignant pleural effusion, lung adenocarcinoma, interleukin-6, STAT3 activation, autocrine signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor, JAK signaling, non-small cell lung cancer, lung metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, pleural fluid biomarkers, microvessel density, vascular permeability
- MeSH terms
- Adenocarcinoma, Animals, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Interleukin-6, Pleural Effusion, Malignant, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Cell Line, Tumor, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice
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