The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimal architectures for long distance quantum communication
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress of quantum cryptography, efficient quantum communication over long distances (≥1000 km) remains an outstanding challenge due to fiber attenuation and operation errors accumulated over the entire communication distance. Quantum repeaters (QRs), as a promising approach, can overcome both photon loss and operation errors and hence significantly speedup the communication rate. Depending on the methods used to correct loss and operation errors, all the proposed QR schemes can be classified into three categories (generations). Here we present the first systematic comparison of three generations of quantum repeaters by evaluating the cost of both temporal and physical resources and identify the optimized quantum repeater architecture for a given set of experimental parameters for use in quantum key distribution. Our work provides a roadmap for the experimental realizations of highly efficient quantum networks over transcontinental distances.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The second generation of QRs employs HEG to reduce deterioration induced by losses and quantum error correction to correct gate errors.
“The second generation of QRs (II) employs (i) HEG to reduce the deterioration induced by losses and (ii) quantum error correction (QEC) to correct gate errors [414,415].”
From Photonic quantum information processing: a review (2019) · cites this paper as [415]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
Nielsen, M. A., Chuang, I., & Grover, L. K. (2002) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1463744 · Cited by 21,895
Kimble, H. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07127 · Cited by 6,023
A single quantum cannot be cloned
Wootters, W. K., & Zurek, W. H. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/299802a0 · Cited by 5,406 · cited 1×
“(3) The system of nanophotonic cavity with individual trapped neutral atoms has recently demonstrated quantum optical switch controlled by a single atom with high coupling efficiency46,47, which can be used for deterministic local encoding and QEC for the third generation of QRs.”
BackgroundQuantum Repeaters: The Role of Imperfect Local Operations in Quantum Communication
Briegel, H.-J., Dür, W., Cirac, J. I., & Zoller, P. (1998) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.5932 · Cited by 3,481
‘‘Event-ready-detectors’’ Bell experiment via entanglement swapping
Żukowski, M., Zeilinger, A., Horne, M. A., & Ekert, A. K. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.4287 · Cited by 2,045
Gottesman, D., & Chuang, I. L. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46503 · Cited by 1,860
Quantum computing with realistically noisy devices
Knill, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03350 · Cited by 1,184 · cited 2×
“The second and third generations both use QEC to correct operation errors, with error correction thresholds of approximately 1% 26 .”
BackgroundAll-photonic quantum repeaters
Azuma, K., Tamaki, K., & Lo, H.-K. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7787 · Cited by 583 · cited 1×
“Recently, there have been growing interest in all optical quantum repeaters 14,27,28 which does not require memory qubits.”
BackgroundRealization of quantum error correction
Chiaverini, J., Leibfried, D., Schaetz, T., Barrett, M. D., Blakestad, R. B., Britton, J., Itano, W. M., Jost, J. D., Knill, E., Langer, C., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03074 · Cited by 517
Capacities of Quantum Erasure Channels
Bennett, C. H., DiVincenzo, D. P., & Smolin, J. A. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.3217 · Cited by 365
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 44
- Lo, H.-K., Curty, M. & Tamaki, K. Secure quantum key distribution. Nature Photon 8, 595–604 (2014). · DOI
- Takeoka, M., Guha, S. & Wilde, M. M. Fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for optical quantum key distribution. Nature comm. 5, 5235 (2014). · DOI
- Sangouard, N., Simon, C., de Riedmatten, H. & Gisin, N. Quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 33–80 (2011). · DOI · Paper page
- Jiang, L. et al. Quantum Repeater with Encoding. Phys. Rev. A 79, 32325 (2009). · DOI
- Munro, W. J., Harrison, K. A., Stephens, A. M., Devitt, S. J. & Nemoto, K. From quantum multiplexing to high-performance quantum networking. Nature Photon. 4, 792–796 (2010). · DOI
- Fowler, A. G. et al. Surface code quantum communication. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 180503 (2010). · DOI
- Muralidharan, S., Kim, J., Lütkenhaus, N., Lukin, M. D. & Jiang, L. Ultrafast and Fault-Tolerant Quantum Communication across Long Distances. Physical Review Letters 112, 250501 (2014). · DOI
- Muralidharan, S., Zou, C. L., Li, L., Wen, J. & Jiang, L. Overcoming erasure errors with multilevel systems. arxiv:/1504.08054v1 (2015).
- Stace, T. M., Barrett, S. D. & Doherty, A. C. Thresholds for Topological Codes in the Presence of Loss. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 200501–200504 (2009). · DOI
- Deutsch, D. et al. Quantum privacy amplification and the security of quantum cryptography over noisy channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2818–2821 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- Dür, W., Briegel, H. J., Cirac, J. I. & Zoller, P. Quantum repeaters based on entanglement purification. Phys. Rev. A 59, 169–181 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
- Munro, W., Azuma, K., Tamaki, K. & Nemoto, K. Inside Quantum Repeaters. IEEE Jour. Selected topics in Quantum electronics 21, 1–13 (2015). · DOI
- Bonarota, M., Gouet, J. L. L. & Chaneliere, T. Highly multimode storage in a crystal. New J. Phys. 13, 13013 (2011). · DOI
- Zwerger, M., Briegel, H. J. & Dür, W. Hybrid architecture for encoded measurement-based quantum computation. Scientific Reports 4, 5364 (2014). · DOI
- Jiang, L., Taylor, J. M., Sorensen, A. S. & Lukin, M. D. Distributed Quantum Computation Based-on Small Quantum Registers. Phys. Rev. A 76, 62323 (2007). · DOI
- Munro, W. J., Stephens, A. M., Devitt, S. J., Harrison, K. A. & Nemoto, K. Quantum communication without the necessity of quantum memories. Nature Photonics 6, 777–781 (2012). · DOI
- Ralph, T. C., Hayes, A. J. F. & Gilchrist, A. Loss-tolerant optical qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 100501 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- Jiang, L., Taylor, J. M., Khaneja, N. & Lukin, M. D. Optimal approach to quantum communication algorithms using dynamic programming. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 104, 17291–17296 (2007). · DOI
- Bratzik, S., Kampermann, H. & Bruss, D. Secret key rates for an encoded quantum repeater. Phys. Rev. A 89, 32335 (2014). · DOI
- Ewert, F., Bergmann, M. & van Loock, P. Ultrafast Long-Distance Quantum Communication with Static Linear Optics. arxiv:/1503.06777 (2015). · DOI
- Hosseini, M., Sparkes, B. M., Campbell, G., Lam, P. K. & Buchler, B. C. High efficiency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour. Nature Commun . 2, 174 (2011). · DOI
- Chen, Y.-H. et al. Coherent Optical Memory with High Storage Efficiency and Large Fractional Delay. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 83601 (2013). · DOI
- Duan, L. M., Lukin, M. D., Cirac, J. I. & Zoller, P. Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics. Nature 414, 413–418 (2001). · DOI
- Lukin, M. D. et al. Dipole blockade and quantum information processing in mesoscopic atomic ensembles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 37901 (2001). · DOI
- Peyronel, T. et al. Quantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms. Nature 488, 57–60 (2012). · DOI · Paper page
- Monroe, C. & Kim, J. Scaling the ion trap quantum processor. Science 339, 1164–1170 (2013). · DOI · Paper page
- Nigg, D. et al. Quantum computations on a topologically encoded qubit. Science 345, 302–305 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
- Waldherr, G. et al. Quantum error correction in a solid-state hybrid spin register. Nature 506, 204–207 (2014). · DOI
- Medford, J. et al. Quantum-Dot-Based Resonant Exchange Qubit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 50501 (2013). · DOI
- Bernien, H. et al. Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres. Nature 497, 86–90 (2013). · DOI · Paper page
- Togan, E. et al. Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit. Nature 466, 730–734 (2010). · DOI
- Bernien, H. et al. Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres. Nature 497, 86–90 (2013). · DOI · Paper page
- De Greve, K. et al. Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength. Nature 491, 421–425 (2012). · DOI
- Kim, T., Maunz, P. & Kim, J. Efficient collection of single photons emitted from a trapped ion into a single-mode fiber for scalable quantum-information processing. Phys. Rev. A 84, 063423 (2011). · DOI
- Casabone, B. et al. Enhanced Quantum Interface with Collective Ion-Cavity Coupling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 023602 (2015). · DOI · Paper page
- Meyer, H. M. et al. Direct Photonic Coupling of a Semiconductor Quantum Dot and a Trapped Ion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 123001 (2015). · DOI
- Tiecke, T. G. et al. Nanophotonic quantum phase switch with a single atom. Nature 508, 241–244 (2014). · DOI
- Shomroni, I. et al. All-optical routing of single photons by a one-atom switch controlled by a single photon. Science 345 903–906 (2014). · DOI
- Bagci, T. et al. Optical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer. Nature 507, 81–85 (2014). · DOI
- Andrews, R. W. et al. Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light. Nature Phys. 10, 321–326 (2014). · DOI
- Devoret, M. H. & Schoelkopf, R. J. Superconducting Circuits for Quantum Information: An Outlook. Science 339, 1169–1174 (2013). · DOI
- Kómár, P. et al. A quantum network of clocks. Nature Phys. 10, 582–587 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
- Gottesman, D., Jennewein, T. & Croke, S. Longer-baseline telescopes using quantum repeaters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 070503 (2012). · DOI
- Monroe, C. et al. Large-scale modular quantum-computer architecture with atomic memory and photonic interconnects. Phys. Rev. A 89, 22317 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
Preskill, J. (2018) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79 · Cited by 8,830
Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies
Atatüre, M., Englund, D., Vamivakas, N., Lee, S.-Y., & Wrachtrup, J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0008-9 · Cited by 766
Photonic quantum information processing: a review
Flamini, F., Spagnolo, N., & Sciarrino, F. (2019) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2 · Cited by 770
Superconducting qubit to optical photon transduction
Mirhosseini, M., Sipahigil, A., Kalaee, M., & Painter, O. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3038-6 · Cited by 486
Large-scale integration of artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits
Wan, N. H., Lu, T.-J., Chen, K. C., Walsh, M. P., Trusheim, M. E., De Santis, L., Bersin, E. A., Harris, I. B., Mouradian, S. L., Christen, I. R., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2441-3 · Cited by 406
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum emitters in a diamond nanocavity
Evans, R. E., Bhaskar, M. K., Sukachev, D. D., Nguyen, C. T., Sipahigil, A., Burek, M. J., Machielse, B., Zhang, G. H., Zibrov, A. S., Bielejec, E., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau4691 · Cited by 311
Self-citationQuantum repeaters based on trapped ions with decoherence-free subspace encoding
Zwerger, M., Lanyon, B. P., Northup, T. E., Muschik, C. A., Dür, W., & Sangouard, N. (2017) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/aa7983 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Muralidharan, S., Li, L., Kim, J., Lütkenhaus, N., Lukin, M. D., & Jiang, L.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2016-02-15
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- PMC
- PMC4753438
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 10
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review