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Candida albicans stimulates Streptococcus mutans microcolony development via cross-kingdom biofilm-derived metabolites

Kim, Dongyeop, Sengupta, Arjun, Niepa, Tagbo H. R., Lee, Byung-Hoo, Weljie, Aalim, Freitas-Blanco, Veronica S., Murata, Ramiro M., Stebe, Kathleen J., Lee, Daeyeon, Koo, Hyun·2017·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/srep41332PMC PMC5278416
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Abstract

Candida albicans is frequently detected with heavy infection of Streptococcus mutans in plaque-biofilms from children affected with early-childhood caries, a prevalent and costly oral disease. The presence of C. albicans enhances S. mutans growth within biofilms, yet the chemical interactions associated with bacterial accumulation remain unclear. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate how microbial products from this cross-kingdom association modulate S. mutans build-up in biofilms. Our data revealed that bacterial-fungal derived conditioned medium (BF-CM) significantly increased the growth of S. mutans and altered biofilm 3D-architecture in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in enlarged and densely packed bacterial cell-clusters (microcolonies). Intriguingly, BF-CM induced S. mutans gtfBC expression (responsible for Gtf exoenzymes production), enhancing Gtf activity essential for microcolony development. Using a recently developed nanoculture system, the data demonstrated simultaneous microcolony growth and gtfB activation in situ by BF-CM. Further metabolites/chromatographic analyses of BF-CM revealed elevated amounts of formate and the presence of Candida -derived farnesol, which is commonly known to exhibit antibacterial activity. Unexpectedly, at the levels detected (25–50 μM), farnesol enhanced S. mutans -biofilm cell growth, microcolony development, and Gtf activity akin to BF-CM bioactivity. Altogether, the data provide new insights on how extracellular microbial products from cross-kingdom interactions stimulate the accumulation of a bacterial pathogen within biofilms.

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  • Dental caries is caused by a pathogenic dental biofilm composed of acidogenic and aciduric species like S. mutans and C. albicans, which feed on a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates.

    “Dental caries is caused by a pathogenic dental biofilm composed of acidogenic and aciduric species like Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which feed on a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates (4).”

    From Fluoride export is required for the competitive fitness of pathogenic microorganisms in dental biofilm models (2024) · cites this paper as [4]

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Metadata

Authors
Kim, D., Sengupta, A., Niepa, T. H. R., Lee, B.-H., Weljie, A., Freitas-Blanco, V. S., Murata, R. M., Stebe, K. J., Lee, D., & Koo, H.
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-01-30
Volume
7
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/srep41332
PMC
PMC5278416
Cited by
199
References
3
Language
en
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