The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Kinetics and reaction chemistry for slow pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysislignin and organosolv extracted lignin derived from maplewood
Open accessAbstract
The kinetics and reaction chemistry for the pyrolysis of Maplewood lignin were investigated using both a pyroprobe reactor and a thermogravimetric analyser mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Lignin residue after enzymatic hydrolysis and organosolv lignin derived from Maplewood were used to measure the kinetic behaviours of lignin pyrolysis and to analyse pyrolysis product distributions. The enzymatic lignin residue pyrolyzed at lower temperature than that of organosolv lignin. The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) peaks for pyrolysis of the enzymatic residue were more similar to the DTG peaks for pyrolysis of the original Maplewood than DTG of the organosolv lignin. The condensable liquid volatile products were collected from a Pyroprobe reactor with a liquid nitrogen trap. The primary monomeric phenolic compounds were guaiacol, syringol, and vanillic acid. However, only 14–36 carbon% of the sample could be detected by GC-MS. Over 60 carbon% of the condensable products were heavy tar molecules that are not detectable by GC-MS. These heavy tar molecules are the primary products from pyrolysis of lignin. Intermediate solid samples were also collected at various pyrolysis temperatures and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, DP-MAS 13C NMR, and TOC. The methoxy groups and ether linkages decreased and the non-protonated aromatic carbon–carbon bonds increased in the solid residues as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The carbon content of the initial lignin feed (derived from enzymatic hydrolysis) and the solid polyaromatics residue (obtained at 773 K) was 58 wt% and 74 wt% respectively. This polyaromatic residue contained about 69 wt% of the original lignin feed. The solid polyaromatics undergo further slow decomposition accompanied by a constant release of carbon dioxide as the pyrolysis reaction continues. The pyrolysis of the enzymatic lignin residue was modelled by two reactions in series. In the first pyrolysis step the lignin was decomposed with an apparent activation energy of 74 kJ mol−1 and a heat of reaction of −8,780 kJ kg−1. The second pyrolysis step had an apparent activation energy of 110 kJ mol−1 and a heat of reaction of −2,819 kJ kg−1. Lignin pyrolysis has lower activation energies and higher heats of reaction than cellulose pyrolysis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In this range, the degradation started easily on the aliphatic side chains attached to phenylpropane polymers, such as –OH bond, C–C bond of aliphatic groups. Small molecule gas products such as H2, H2O, CO, CO2 and C2-C4 hydrocarbons were correspondingly generated [43].”
From Evaluation of pyrolysis characteristics and product distribution of black liquor using Py-GC/MS and down tube reactor: Comparison with lignin (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis
Kissinger, H. E. (1957) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60131a045 · Cited by 13,216
Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis
Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Lee, D. H., & Zheng, C. (2007) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013 · Cited by 8,155
Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering
Huber, G. W., Iborra, S., & Corma, A. (2006) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr068360d · Cited by 7,810
Self-citationThe Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals
Zakzeski, J., Bruijnincx, P. C. A., Jongerius, A. L., & Weckhuysen, B. M. (2010) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900354u · Cited by 4,468
Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies
Luo, Y. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420007282 · Cited by 3,933
Wood-chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions
Nimz, H. (1984) · European Journal of Wood and Wood Products · doi:10.1007/bf02608943 · Cited by 2,774
The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production
Antal, M. J., & Grønli, M. (2003) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie0207919 · Cited by 1,623
Synergies between Bio‐ and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass
Huber, G. W., & Corma, A. (2007) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200604504 · Cited by 1,420
Self-citationReview of current and future softwood kraft lignin process chemistry
Chakar, F. S., & Ragauskas, A. J. (2004) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.016 · Cited by 1,203
Renewable Chemical Commodity Feedstocks from Integrated Catalytic Processing of Pyrolysis Oils
Vispute, T. P., Zhang, H., Sanna, A., Xiao, R., & Huber, G. W. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194218 · Cited by 1,094
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Kilzer, 1965, Pyrodynamics, 2, 151
- A. Broido , ed. F. Shafizadeh, K. V. Sarkanen and D. A. Tillman, Academic, New York, 1976, pp. 19–36
- Hirata, 1974, Ringyo Shikenjo Kenkyu Hokoku, 263, 1
- King, 1983, Preprint Papers - American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, 28, 319
- Avni, 1983, Preprint Papers - American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, 28, 307
- Chen, 1986, Chemtech., 16, 506
- R. M. Rowell, ed., Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–130 of 130
Isolation, Study and Application of Organosolv Lignins (Review)
Кузнецов, Б. Н., Malyar, Y. N., Kuznetsova, S. A., Grishechko, L. I., Kazachenko, A. S., Levdansky, A. V., Pestunov, A. V., Celzard, A., & Institut Jean Lamour, U. C. –. U. ́. D. L. (2016) · Journal of Siberian Federal University Chemistry · doi:10.17516/1998-2836-2016-9-4-454-482 · Cited by 12
Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Some Components of Biomass by Desorption Mass Spectrometry
Palianytsia, B. B., Kulik, T. V., Dudik, O., Cherniavska, T. V., & Tonkha, O. (2014) · Springer proceedings in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05521-3_3 · Cited by 14
Akor, C. I., Osman, A. I., McCallum, C. S., Mehta, N., Morgan, K., Walsh, P. J., Smyth, B. M., Rooney, D. W., & Sheldrake, G. N. (2023) · Materials Advances · doi:10.1039/d2ma00811d · Cited by 11
Wang, J., Minai, E., & Kawamoto, H. (2022) · ChemistryOpen · doi:10.1002/open.202200104 · Cited by 9
Yang, H., Appari, S., Kudo, S., Hayashi, J., Kumagai, S., & Norinaga, K. (2014) · Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy · doi:10.3775/jie.93.986 · Cited by 10
Oriented Carbon Fiber Networks by Design from Renewables for Electrochemical Applications
Wei, J., Shah, F. U., Carne, L. J., Geng, S., Antzutkin, O. N., Sain, M. M., & Oksman, K. (2021) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03549 · Cited by 8
Kinetics and thermodynamics of beech wood pyrolysis mechanism
Arshad, M. (2023) · Wood Material Science and Engineering · doi:10.1080/17480272.2023.2242827 · Cited by 8
Pantawane, S. R., Chaurasia, A., & Ekhe, J. D. (2025) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107121 · Cited by 8
Munguía-Quintero, M. F., Pineda-Herrera, M., Rosas‐Aburto, A., Valdivia-López, M. D. L. Á., Hernández-Luna, M. G., & Vivaldo‐Lima, E. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.149394 · Cited by 8
Yan, H., Wang, H., Xia, S.-C., Zhang, W.-D., Li, Z., Lei, Z.-P., Ren, S., Wang, Z., & Shui, H. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2025.121328 · Cited by 7
Liu, J., Shen, T., Yuan, F., Liu, Z., & Liu, Q. (2023) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2023.107908 · Cited by 7
Piccinino, D., Ubertini, V., Capecchi, E., Tomaino, E., Gigli, V., & Saladino, R. (2023) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.202300533 · Cited by 4
Zhou, H. (2017) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3827-3_2 · Cited by 4
Zheng, C., Sun, D., Gan, J., Wang, R., Gao, L., Wei, R., & Xiao, G. (2025) · Catalysis Letters · doi:10.1007/s10562-025-05181-8 · Cited by 3
Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces
Dörrstein, J., Schwarz, D., Scholz, R. V., Walther, F., & Zollfrank, C. (2021) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359 · Cited by 2
Suzuki, A., Ishii, R., Yoshida, H., Ebina, T., Nge, T. T., & Yamada, T. (2018) · Clay science/Clay Science · doi:10.11362/jcssjclayscience.22.3_71 · Cited by 2
Abubakar, U. I., Chua, L. S., & Aziz, R. (2015) · Green Processing and Synthesis · doi:10.1515/gps-2015-0018 · Cited by 2
Development, economics and global warming potential of lignocellulose biorefinery
Fang, Y., Li, Y., Ahmed, A., & You, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820294-4.00012-0 · Cited by 2
Hamidi, N. (2015) · Chemical Science International Journal · doi:10.9734/acsj/2015/19024 · Cited by 1
Hamidi, N. (2015) · Advances in Research · doi:10.9734/air/2016/20740
Zhou, H. (2017) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3827-3_1
Kim, H., Lee, J.-H., Kim, Y., Ha, J., Park, Y., Vlachos, D. G., Suh, Y., & Jae, J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4618200
O'Shea, A., McNamara, C., Dussan, K., & Dooley, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5767508
Design of Optimized Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading using a Theoretical/Experimental Approach
Berro, Y. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7b7deabezb0f3z497azaf5dzf7a3ff75a151
Socio-economic assessment of energetic alternatives for Amazon isolated communities in Brazil
Nascimento, É. V., Fernandes, M. C., Franco, T. T., & Valença, G. P. (2026) · Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2026.110816
Zhang, J., Shen, W., Mu, M., Yuan, C., Hu, Y., Ni, G., Cao, B., & Senneca, O. (2026) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2026.102623
Chen, W., Biswas, P. P., Aniza, R., Escalante, J., Zhang, C., Felix, C. B., Ubando, A. T., Pétrissans, A., & Pétrissans, M. (2026) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.140915
Metadata
- Authors
- Cho, J., Chu, S., Dauenhauer, P. J., & Huber, G. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huber, George W.
- Venue
- Green Chem.
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 428-439
- ISSN
- 1463-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-9270
- OpenAlex
- W2065713566
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- works.bepress.com
- Locations
- Green Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0937895)
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Royal Society
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (W911NF-09-2-0010)
- Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (0937895, EFRI-0937895)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Keywords
- lignin pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin, organosolv lignin, pyrolysis kinetics, reaction mechanism, tar formation, guaiacol, syringol, vanillic acid, activation energy, two-step reaction model, pyrolysis product distribution, lignin degradation, carbon dioxide release
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
