The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-folding of polymer sheets using local light absorption
Abstract
This paper demonstrates experimentally and models computationally a novel and simple approach for self-folding of thin sheets of polymer using unfocused light. The sheets are made of optically transparent, pre-strained polystyrene (also known as Shrinky-Dinks) that shrink in-plane if heated uniformly. Black ink patterned on either side of the polymer sheet provides localized absorption of light, which heats the underlying polymer to temperatures above its glass transition. At these temperatures, the predefined inked regions (i.e., hinges) relax and shrink, and thereby cause the planar sheet to fold into a three-dimensional object. Self-folding is therefore achieved in a simple manner without the use of multiple fabrication steps and converts a uniform external stimulus (i.e., unfocused light) on an otherwise compositionally homogenous substrate into a hinging response. Modeling captures effectively the experimental folding trends as a function of the hinge width and support temperature and suggests that the hinged region must exceed the glass transition temperature of the sheet for folding to occur.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Fillers such as indocyanine green and Epolight 4121, gold particles [423,424], conductive ceramics, carbon blacks, nanotubes, and even ink [425] may be incorporated in SMPs to improve the heating efficiency [149,311,416,426,427].”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [425]
In the citing paper
“The black ink pattern provides localized absorption of light, which heats the underlying polymer to trigger the shape recovery of the polymer immediate under the pattern.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [425]
In the citing paper
“The sheet under the predefined inked region recovers causing the planar sheet to fold into a three-dimensional object as shown in Fig. 15.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [425]
Citations
Cites
Lendlein, A., Kelch, S., Kratz, K., Schulte, J., & Schauer, S. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1908011612051404.a01 · Cited by 2,687
Light-induced shape-memory polymers
Lendlein, A., Jiang, H., Jünger, O., & Langer, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03496 · Cited by 2,006
Physical properties of polymers handbook
Mark, J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69002-5 · Cited by 1,670
Mather, P. T., Luo, X., & Rousseau, I. A. (2009) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-082908-145419 · Cited by 911
Behl, M., & Lendlein, A. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1908011612051404.a01.pub2 · Cited by 665
Programmable matter by folding
Hawkes, E., An, B., Benbernou, N. M., Tanaka, H., Kim, S., Demaine, E. D., Rus, D., & Wood, R. J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914069107 · Cited by 658
Polymers move in response to light
Jiang, H. Y., Kelch, S., & Lendlein, A. (2006) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200502266 · Cited by 631
Biomedical applications of thermally activated shape memory polymers
Small, W., Singhal, P., Wilson, T. S., & Maitland, D. J. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b923717h · Cited by 456
Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers
Leong, T. G., Randall, C. L., Benson, B. R., Bassik, N., Stern, G. M., & Gracias, D. H. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807698106 · Cited by 432
Self-folding all-polymer thermoresponsive microcapsules
Stoychev, G. V., Puretskiy, N., & Ionov, L. (2011) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c1sm05109a · Cited by 346
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Lendlein, 2002, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 41, 2034, 10.1002/1521-3773(20020617)41:12<2034::AID-ANIE2034>3.0.CO;2-M · DOI
- J. M. Gere and S.Timoshenko, Mechanics of materials, PWS Pub Co, Boston, 4th edn, 1997
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sydney Gladman, A., Matsumoto, E. A., Nuzzo, R. G., Mahadevan, L., & Lewis, J. A. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4544 · Cited by 3,027
The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering
Gao, W., Zhang, Y., Ramanujan, D., Ramani, K., Chen, Y., Williams, C. B., Wang, C. C. L., Shin, Y. C., Zhang, S., & Zavattieri, P. D. (2015) · Computer-Aided Design · doi:10.1016/j.cad.2015.04.001 · Cited by 2,657
Lendlein, A., Kelch, S., Kratz, K., Schulte, J., & Schauer, S. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1908011612051404.a01 · Cited by 2,687
Printing soft matter in three dimensions
Truby, R. L., & Lewis, J. A. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21003 · Cited by 1,635
Zhao, Q., Qi, H. J., & Xie, T. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.001 · Cited by 1,409
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Boyles, J. K., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dickey, Michael D.
- Venue
- Soft Matter
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1764-1769
- ISSN
- 1744-683X (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6848
- OpenAlex
- W2123741193
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 49.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soft Matter (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Royal Society
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Laser and Thermal Forming Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Keywords
- self-folding, polymer sheets, polystyrene, light-induced heating, hinge, glass transition temperature, thermal contraction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
