Light-induced shape-memory polymers
Abstract
Materials are said to show a shape-memory effect if they can be deformed and fixed into a temporary shape, and recover their original, permanent shape only on exposure to an external stimulus. Shape-memory polymers have received increasing attention because of their scientific and technological significance. In principle, a thermally induced shape-memory effect can be activated by an increase in temperature (also obtained by heating on exposure to an electrical current or light illumination). Several papers have described light-induced changes in the shape of polymers and gels, such as contraction, bending or volume changes. Here we report that polymers containing cinnamic groups can be deformed and fixed into pre-determined shapes--such as (but not exclusively) elongated films and tubes, arches or spirals--by ultraviolet light illumination. These new shapes are stable for long time periods, even when heated to 50 degrees C, and they can recover their original shape at ambient temperatures when exposed to ultraviolet light of a different wavelength. The ability of polymers to form different pre-determined temporary shapes and subsequently recover their original shape at ambient temperatures by remote light activation could lead to a variety of potential medical and other applications.
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Lendlein et al. prepared two photo-responsive polymers with cinnamic acid and cinamylidene acetic acid terminal as the photoreversible switch.
“Lendlein et al. [91,420] prepared two photo-responsive polymers with cinnamic acid and cinamylidene acetic acid terminal as the photoreversible switch.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [91]
Lendlein and co-workers in 2005 realized one of the first studies on polymer film SME, studying different pre-determined shapes (elongation, arches or spirals) upon UV light illumination.
“One of the first study on polymer film SME was realized by Lendlein and his co-workers in 2005 [50]. They studied different pre-determined shapes (elongation, arches or spirals) upon UV light illumination.”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [50]
In both CA-grafted polymer networks and IPN-based systems, the recovery ratio reached more than 90%.
“In both systems, the recovery ratio reached high value (more than 90%) (Fig. 2(a)).”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [50]
Depending on the material, SMP stimuli can also be light, electricity, an alternating magnetic field, pH changes, and solvents.
“Depending on the material used, stimuli can also be light [27] (UV [28], infrared or laser light [29][30][31][32][33]), electricity [30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], an alternating magnetic field, pH changes [49] and solvents [50][51][52][53].”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Lendlein, A., Jiang, H., Jünger, O., & Langer, R.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lendlein, Andreas
- ORCID
- Lendlein, Andreas
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 434
- Issue
- 7035
- Pages
- 879-882
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2149986572
- Cited by
- 2,006
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 165 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 117 · 2016: 136 · 2015: 125 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 92
- FWCI
- 104.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, cinnamic acid, photopolymers, ultraviolet radiation, shape recovery, stimuli-responsive polymers
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