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Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes
Abstract
Over the past few decades, researchers have established artificial enzymes as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to natural enzymes in a wide range of applications. A variety of materials including cyclodextrins, metal complexes, porphyrins, polymers, dendrimers and biomolecules have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. Recently, some nanomaterials have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like activities, and great advances have been made in this area due to the tremendous progress in nano-research and the unique characteristics of nanomaterials. To highlight the progress in the field of nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes (nanozymes), this review discusses various nanomaterials that have been explored to mimic different kinds of enzymes. We cover their kinetics, mechanisms and applications in numerous fields, from biosensing and immunoassays, to stem cell growth and pollutant removal. We also summarize several approaches to tune the activities of nanozymes. Finally, we make comparisons between nanozymes and other catalytic materials (other artificial enzymes, natural enzymes, organic catalysts and nanomaterial-based catalysts) and address the current challenges and future directions (302 references).
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Nanozymes are easier to use than natural enzymes due to lower cost, easier scale-up production, higher durability and stability.
“It has been reported that nanozymes are easy to use over natural enzymes due to lower cost, easier scale-up production, higher durability and stability.”
From Degradation of anthraquinone dyes from effluents: A review focusing on enzymatic dye degradation with industrial potential (2020) · cites this paper as [210]
Nanozyme applications are very limited due to lack of selectivity and substrate recognition, as well as lower activity compared to natural enzymes.
“However, nanozymes applications are very limited due to lack of selectivity and substrate recognition, as well as lower activity compared to natural enzymes 203, 210, 211 .”
From Degradation of anthraquinone dyes from effluents: A review focusing on enzymatic dye degradation with industrial potential (2020) · cites this paper as [210]
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Photosynthetic energy conversion: natural and artificial
Barber, J. (2009) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/b802262n · Cited by 1,843
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Dugan, L. L., Lovett, E. G., Quick, K. L., Lotharius, J., Lin, T. T., & O'Malley, K. L. (2001) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(00)00064-x · Cited by 338
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wei, H., & Wang, E.
- Venue
- Chemical Society Reviews
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 6060
- ISSN
- 0306-0012
- 1460-4744
- Cited by
- 3,779
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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