High-entropy energy materials: challenges and new opportunities
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An overview of high-entropy materials for energy applications, including H 2 catalysis and storage, CO 2 conversion, O 2 catalysis and electrochemical energy storage, is given and the challenges and opportunities within this field are discussed.
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The double-layer capacitance (Cdl) values present a positive correlation with the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA).
“Typically, the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) values present a positive correlation with the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA),[37,38]”
From Constructing Novel High‐Entropy Alloy Aerogels Platform for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability (2026) · cites this paper as [38]
Section 8 (Supercapacitors; page unavailable) reports capacitance values, and the review passage reports a material’s specific surface area alongside its specific capacitance. Neither establishes a positive correlation between double-layer capacitance (Cdl) and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Searches for those terms and the proposed relationship found no passage addressing it. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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“(or occasionally four) constituting elements [49,50].”
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“On the other hand, high-entropy oxides (HEOs), which are composed of at least fi ve transition metals arranged in a single-phase solid solution with homogeneous yet random distributions, have received more attention than ever compared to their monometallic counterparts 35 – 41 .”
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“High‐entropy alloys (HEAs), as the most representative high‐entropy materials (HEMs), have become a research hotspot in the field of metallic materials and catalysis due to their unprecedented composition and unique physical and chemical properties.(15,16) HEAs usually contain five or more principal elements, which pr…”
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“Recently, high-entropy strategy 10,11 with local disorder have been proposed to enhance energy storage performance by modulating the mutual constraints among P m , P r, and E b 10,12 .”
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Active cation-integration high-entropy Prussian blue analogues cathodes for efficient Zn storage
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Review: High-Entropy Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes
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Improved tribological behavior of plasma-nitrided AlCrTiV and AlCrTiVSi high-entropy alloy films
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“Due to the unique entropy effects 30 – 32 , high-entropy materials have the potential to achieve a balance between chemical stability (high T stable ) and wettability (low T wetting ).”
High-Entropy Polyanionic Lithium Superionic Conductors
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Self-citationCompositionally Complex Perovskite Oxides for Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting
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Engineering high-entropy materials for electrocatalytic water splitting
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High-entropy oxides as energy materials: from complexity to rational design
Yang, Z., Xiang, X., Yang, J., & Zhao, Z.-Y. (2024) · Materials Futures · doi:10.1088/2752-5724/ad8463 · Cited by 54
“For example, electrode materials used in SOFCs must endure high temperatures and mechanical stresses [127].”
Zhang, H.-M., Zhang, S.-F., Zuo, L., Li, J., Guo, J.-X., Wang, P., Sun, J.-F., & Dai, L. (2024) · Rare Metals · doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02619-7 · Cited by 53
“Also, high-entropy materials have shown great promising applications in many fields, such as thermoelectric, magne-tocaloric, superconducting materials, catalysis and energy storage [39, 47–49].”
The concept of high entropy for rechargeable batteries
Li, H.-X., Sun, X.-L., & Huang, H. (2024) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101382 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-reconstruction of (CoNiFeCuCr)Se high-entropy selenide for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Jiang, Z., Yuan, Y., Tan, L., Li, M.-J., & Peng, K. (2023) · Applications of Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157282 · Cited by 52
Research progresses in O3-type Ni/Fe/Mn based layered cathode materials for sodium ion batteries
Zhao, S., Shi, Q.-H., Feng, W.-L., Liu, Y., Yang, X.-X., Zou, X.-L., Lu, X.-G., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Carbon Neutrality · doi:10.1007/s43979-023-00053-9 · Cited by 51
High-Entropy Amorphous Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: A New Frontier
Wang, G., Chen, Z., Zhu, J., Xie, J., Wei, W., Yan, Y., & Ni, B. (2025) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-025-01936-5 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Additionally, lattice distortion arising from atomic size mismatches induces local strain and electronic perturbations, thereby enhancing the adsorption of reaction intermediates [9, 24].”
Zhou, Y., Shen, X.-W., Wang, M., Zhang, L.-F., Qian, T., Yan, C., & Lu, J. (2023) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-022-2436-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
High-entropy alloy catalysts: high-throughput and machine learning-driven design
Chen, L., Chen, Z., Yao, X., Su, B., Chen, W., Pang, X., Kim, K.-S., Singh, C. V., & Zou, Y. (2022) · Journal of Materials Informatics · doi:10.20517/jmi.2022.23 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Bao, C., Chu, P., Xu, C.-X., Yuan, J., Si, L.-J., Bo, Z., Ostrikov, K., & Yang, H.-C. (2024) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103408 · Cited by 49
Li, L., Ji, P.-C., Geng, C., Li, Y., Meng, L., Zhou, B., Liang, J., Peng, J.-H., & Su, X. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109182 · Cited by 49
Lin, Z., Ma, B., Chen, Z.-H., Cheng, L., & Zhou, Y. (2023) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.11.004 · Cited by 49
A perspective on high‐entropy two‐dimensional materials
Cui, Y., Zhang, Y.-Z., Cao, Z., Gu, J., Du, Z.-G., Li, B., & Yang, S.-B. (2022) · SusMat · doi:10.1002/sus2.47 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Chien, P.-W., Chang, C.-B., & Tuan, H.-Y. (2023) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2023.102853 · Cited by 47
“…S ≧ 1.5 R are classified as high-entropy, while materials with 1.0 R ≦ Δ S ≦ 1.5 R and Δ S 1.0 R are classified as medium-entropy and low-entropy [24], respectively, calculated by the formula of Δ S = (cid:0) R ∑ ni = 1 x i lnx i , where R is the ideal gas constant, and x i represents the mole…”
InfluentialZhang, X., Xu, R., Wang, T., Niu, L.-Y., Gong, Y.-Y., & Li, C. (2025) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2025.137635 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
High-Entropy Strategy for Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials
Ding, F.-X., Lu, Y.-X., Chen, L.-Q., & Hu, Y.-S. (2024) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-024-00216-x · Cited by 46
“1a), while materials with S conf ⩽ 1.0 R are classified as low-entropy materials, with materials that fall between these two extremes being classified as medium-entropy materials [5, 8–10].”
InfluentialFu, H.-X., Li, S., Lin, Y., Wu, X., Lin, T.-F., Zhao, C.-L., Gao, M., & Lin, C. (2023) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.12.232 · Cited by 46
Niu, Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Bai, Y., & Wang, Z.-J. (2023) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.10.097 · Cited by 46
Li, X., Shi, C., Zhang, G.-J., Zheng, G.-Z., Huang, Z.-Z., Shen, X.-S., Zhou, J., Chen, T., & Wang, S.-R. (2023) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.06.275 · Cited by 46
Wang, J., Zhang, J., Hu, Y., Jiang, H., & Li, C. (2022) · 中国科学通报:英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2022.08.022 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
He, B., Zu, Y., & Mei, Y. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170479 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Designing strategies and enhancing mechanism for multicomponent high-entropy catalysts
Xu, H., Jin, Z., Zhang, Y., Lin, X., Xie, G., Liu, X., & Qiu, H. (2023) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d2sc06403k · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Kim, M., Oh, I., Choi, H., Jang, W.-Y., Song, J., Kim, C., Yoo, J.-W., & Cho, S. (2021) · Cell Reports Physical Science · doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100702 · Cited by 45
Zhou, Z., Dong, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, H., Meng, F., Ma, Y., & Wu, Y. (2025) · SusMat · doi:10.1002/sus2.265 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“In addition to the aforementioned definition based on configu-rational entropy, the second classification designates materials as “high-entropy” when they incorporate a minimum of five elements within a single lattice, with atomic concentrations ranging between 5 and 35% [48].”
Self-citationRong, W., Chen, Y., Dang, R., Huang, K., Xia, J., Zhang, B., Liu, J., Meng, H., Cao, Q., & Wu, J. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172786 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shaikh, J. S., Rittiruam, M., Saelee, T., Márquez, V., Shaikh, N. S., Khajondetchairit, P., Pathan, S. C., Jiraborvornpongsa, N., Praserthdam, S., & Praserthdam, P. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172232 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Meng, J., Qu, G., & Huang, Y.-H. (2023) · eTransportation · doi:10.1016/j.etran.2023.100233 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cluster expansions of multicomponent ionic materials: Formalism and methodology
Barroso-Luque, L., Zhong, P., Yang, J. H., Xie, F., Chen, T., Ouyang, B., & Ceder, G. (2022) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.106.144202 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Typical examples of such complex ionic systems include the recently discovered class of disordered rocksalts (DRX) [12,13], partially disordered spinels (PDSs) [14,15], and high-entropy perovskites [16], among many other promising multicomponent ceramic materials [17,18].”
BackgroundSynthetic Strategies toward High Entropy Materials: Atoms-to-Lattices for Maximum Disorder
Buckingham, M. A., Skelton, J., & Lewis, D. J. (2023) · Crystal Growth & Design · doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00712 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Zhang, F., Niu, Y., Zhang, Z., Bai, Y., & Wang, Z.-J. (2023) · Journal of The American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.19270 · Cited by 40
Wang, B., Yao, J.-C., Wang, J., & Chang, A.-M. (2022) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163188 · Cited by 39
A review of high-entropy alloys for next-generation solid-state advanced hydrogen storage materials
Gao, S., Qi, J., Jia, K. W., Zhang, L., Wu, F., & Xiao, X. (2025) · Composites Part B Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113340 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Research progress on P2-type layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Wu, C., Xu, Y.-X., Song, J., Hou, Y., Jiang, S., He, R., Wei, A., & Tan, Q.-Q. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.157264 · Cited by 38
The emerging high-entropy cathode materials for advanced Na-ion batteries: advances and perspectives
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Zhang, Y.-S., Xing, J., Chen, M.-Y., & Jin, Q. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.147709 · Cited by 36
Opportunities and challenges of high-entropy materials in lithium-ion batteries
Xu, T., Feng, H., Liu, W., Wang, Y., & Zheng, H. (2024) · Rare Metals · doi:10.1007/s12598-024-02749-y · Cited by 35
“The structure of HEAs mainly includes body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, hexagonal close-packed and C14 hcp [37].”
High-entropy spinel-structure oxides as oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst
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Entropy-stabilized homologous catalysts for high performance Li-S batteries: Progress and prospects
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- Authors
- Ma, Y., Ma, Y., Wang, Q., Schweidler, S., Botros, M., Fu, T., Hahn, H., Brezesinski, T., & Breitung, B.
- Affiliations
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Yanjiao
- Brezesinski, Torsten
- Breitung, Ben
- ORCID
- Venue
- Energy & Environmental Science
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2883-2905
- ISSN
- 1754-5692 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-5706
- OpenAlex
- W3148416643
- Cited by
- 963
- References
- 186
- Citations by year
- 2026: 187 · 2025: 262 · 2024: 263 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 27
- FWCI
- 54.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy & Environmental Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ERef Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KITopen
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BR 3499/5-1, HA 1344/43-1, SE 1407/4-2)
- Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung
- Helmholtz Association
- Horizon 2020 (730957, 101017709)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › High Entropy Alloys Studies
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Keywords
- high-entropy materials, hydrogen catalysis, hydrogen storage, CO2 conversion, oxygen catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, energy materials
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