A review of catalysts for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to produce low-carbon fuels
Abstract
This paper reviews recent progress made in identifying electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to produce low-carbon fuels, including CO, HCOOH/HCOO(-), CH2O, CH4, H2C2O4/HC2O4(-), C2H4, CH3OH, CH3CH2OH and others. The electrocatalysts are classified into several categories, including metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, metal complexes, polymers/clusters, enzymes and organic molecules. The catalyts' activity, product selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, catalytic stability and reduction mechanisms during CO2 electroreduction have received detailed treatment. In particular, we review the effects of electrode potential, solution-electrolyte type and composition, temperature, pressure, and other conditions on these catalyst properties. The challenges in achieving highly active and stable CO2 reduction electrocatalysts are analyzed, and several research directions for practical applications are proposed, with the aim of mitigating performance degradation, overcoming additional challenges, and facilitating research and development in this area.
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Silica from mineral carbonation for deoxidiser in steel making, circuit boards, ceramic matrix composites, and semiconductors should reach very high purity (SiO2 >98.5%; Fe2O3 <0.1%, Al2O3 <0.15%).
“Silica from MC, for deoxydiser in steel making, circuit boards, ceramix matrix composites, semiconductors should reach very high purity (SiO 2 4 98.5%; Fe 2 O 3 o 0.1%, Al 2 O 3 o 0.15%).10,205”
From A review of mineral carbonation technologies to sequester CO <sub>2</sub> (2014) · cites this paper as [205]
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- Authors
- Qiao, J., Liu, Y., Hong, F., & Zhang, J.
- Affiliations
- Donghua University (CN)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yuyu
- Hong, Feng
- Zhang, Jiujun
- Venue
- Chem. Soc. Rev.
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 631-675
- ISSN
- 0306-0012 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-4744
- OpenAlex
- W1992591486
- Cited by
- 2,990
- References
- 391
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 269 · 2023: 255 · 2022: 292 · 2021: 312 · 2020: 350 · 2019: 328 · 2018: 289 · 2017: 221 · 2016: 159 · 2015: 119 · 2014: 51
- FWCI
- 6.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Society Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NPARC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
- Keywords
- electrochemical CO2 reduction, electrocatalysts, low-carbon fuels, co-production, formate production, methanol synthesis, ethanol production, ethylene production, methane production, hydrogen production, Faradaic efficiency, catalyst stability, reduction mechanism, electrode potential effects, electrolyte composition, metal oxides, metal complexes, enzyme catalysts, alloys
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