Astrocyte‐released cytokines induce ramification and outward K+ channel expression in microglia via distinct signalling pathways

TGF-β signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins

Heldin, C., Miyazono, K., & ten Dijke, P. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37284 · Cited by 3,697

Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease

Shull, M. M., Ormsby, I., Kier, A. B., Pawlowski, S., Diebold, R. J., Yin, M., Allen, R., Sidman, C., Proetzel, G., Calvin, D., et al. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/359693a0 · Cited by 2,985

Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death.

Kulkarni, A. B., Huh, C. G., Becker, D., Geiser, A., Lyght, M., Flanders, K. C., Roberts, A. B., Sporn, M. B., Ward, J. M., & Karlsson, S. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.2.770 · Cited by 1,967

Reactive microgliosis

Streit, W. J., Walter, S. A., & Pennell, N. A. (1999) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00069-0 · Cited by 1,096

Neuroglial activation repertoire in the injured brain: graded response, molecular mechanisms and cues to physiological function

Raivich, G., Bohatschek, M., Kloss, C. U. A., Werner, A., Jones, L. L., & Kreutzberg, G. W. (1999) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00007-7 · Cited by 843

The origin and nature of ramified and amoeboid microglia: A historical review and current concepts

Ling, E., & Wong, W.-C. (1993) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.440070105 · Cited by 690

The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS

Stollg, G., & Jander, S. (1999) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00083-5 · Cited by 683

Cytokine mRNA Profiles in Contused Spinal Cord and Axotomized Facial Nucleus Suggest a Beneficial Role for Inflammation and Gliosis

Streit, W. J., Semple‐Rowland, S. L., Hurley, S. D., Miller, R. C., Popovich, P. G., & Stokes, B. T. (1998) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6835 · Cited by 344

Colony-stimulating factors as promoters of ameboid microglia

Giulian, D., & Ingeman, J. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-12-04707.1988 · Cited by 323

Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses activation and proliferation of microglia in vitro.

Suzumura, A., Sawada, M., Yamamoto, H., & Marunouchi, T. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.151.4.2150 · Cited by 305

Impaired neuroglial activation in interleukin‐6 deficient mice

Klein, M., Möller, J., Jones, L., Bluethmann, H., Kreutzberg, G., & Raivich, G. (1997) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199703)19:3 · Cited by 298

Astrocytes Regulate Microglial Phagocytosis of Senile Plaque Cores of Alzheimer's Disease

DeWitt, D. A., Perry, G., Cohen, M., Doller, C., & Silver, J. (1998) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6738 · Cited by 261 · cited 2×

Neuroscience approached through cell culture

Pfeiffer, S. E. (1982) · CRC Press eBooks · Cited by 253

IL-12 production by central nervous system microglia is inhibited by astrocytes

Aloisi, F., Penna, G., Cerase, J., Iglesias, B. M., & Adorini, L. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1604 · Cited by 252

Effects of colony stimulating factors on isolated microglia in vitro

Suzumura, A., Sawada, M., Yamamoto, H., & Marunouchi, T. (1990) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(90)90094-4 · Cited by 216

Interleukin‐6 and Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 mRNAs are Induced in Rat Facial Nucleus Following Motoneuron Axotomy

Kiefer, R., Lindholm, D., & Kreutzberg, G. W. (1993) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00929.x · Cited by 205

Ion channels in microglia (brain macrophages)

Eder, C. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.2.c327 · Cited by 196

Blockade of Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Signaling in T Cells by Overexpression of Smad7 Enhances Antigen-Induced Airway Inflammation and Airway Reactivity

Nakao, A., Miike, S., Hatano, M., Okumura, K., Tokuhisa, T., Ra, C., & Iwamoto, I. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.2.151 · Cited by 179

TGF-beta suppresses IFN-gamma induction of class II MHC gene expression by inhibiting class II transactivator messenger RNA expression

Lee, Y. J., Han, Y., Lu, H., Nguyen, V., Qin, H., Howe, P. H., Hocevar, B. A., Boss, J. M., Ransohoff, R. M., & Benveniste, E. N. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.5.2065 · Cited by 177

Electrophysiological properties of microglial cells in normal and pathologic rat brain slices

Boucsein, C., Kettenmann, H., & Nolte, C. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00100.x · Cited by 166

Morphological transformation of microglia in vitro

Suzumura, A., Marunouchi, T., & Yamamoto, H. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91302-h · Cited by 151

Microglial Ramification Requires Nondiffusible Factors Derived from Astrocytes

Tanaka, J., & Maeda, N. (1996) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0038 · Cited by 126

Colony-stimulating factor-1 induces cytoskeletal reorganization and c-src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of selected cellular proteins in rodent osteoclasts.

Insogna, K. L., Sahni, M., Grey, A. B., Tanaka, S., Horne, W. C., Neff, L., Mitnick, M. A., Levy, J. B., & Baron, R. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119790 · Cited by 123

Colony stimulating factors, cytokines and monocyte-macrophages-some controversies

Hamilton, J. A. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90319-g · Cited by 119

Modulation of interferon-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex class II and Fc receptor expression on isolated microglia by transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-4, noradrenaline and glucocorticoids.

Loughlin, J., Woodroofe, M. N., & Cuzner, M. L. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 95

Evidence for voltage modulation of IL-2 production in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Freedman, B. D., Price, M. A., & DEUTSCH, C. J. (1992) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.149.12.3784 · Cited by 93

Astrocytic Factors Deactivate Antigen Presenting Cells that Invade the Central Nervous System

Hailer, N. P., Heppner, F. L., Haas, D., & Nitsch, R. (1998) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00168.x · Cited by 93

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediates astrocyte-induced microglial ramification in human fetal central nervous system culture.

Liu, W., Brosnan, C. F., Dickson, D. W., & Lee, S. C. (1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 91

Voltage-gated proton channels in microglia

Eder, C., & DeCoursey, T. E. (2001) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00062-9 · Cited by 88

Ramification of microglia, monocytes and macrophages in vitro: influences of various epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their conditioned media *

Wilms, H., Hartmann, D., & Sievers, J. (1997) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s004410050769 · Cited by 86

Evidence for the involvement of protein kinase activity in transforming growth factor-beta signal transduction.

Ohtsuki, M., & Massagué, J. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.1.261 · Cited by 79

Properties of voltage-gated currents of microglia developed using macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Eder, C., Fischer, H., Hadding, U., & Heinemann, U. (1995) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00373889 · Cited by 75

Upregulation of Kv1.3 K+channels in microglia deactivated by TGF-β

Schilling, T., Quandt, F. N., Cherny, V. V., Zhou, W., Heinemann, U., DeCoursey, T. E., & Eder, C. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.4.c1123 · Cited by 73

Regulation of MHC class II gene expression in macrophages by hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF). Induction by granulocyte/macrophage CSF and inhibition by CSF-1.

Willman, C. L., Stewart, C. C., Miller, V., Yi, T., & Tomasi, T. B. (1989) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.170.5.1559 · Cited by 67

Morphological, immunophenotypical and electrophysiological properties of resting microglia in vitro

Eder, C., Schilling, T., Heinemann, U., Haas, D., Hailer, N. P., & Nitsch, R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00852.x · Cited by 60

Regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation: Protein kinase C activation prevents differentiation of O2A progenitor cells toward oligodendrocytes

Baron, W., de Jonge, J. C., Vries, H. D., & Hoekstra, D. (1998) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199802)22:2 · Cited by 56

Morphological differentiation of microglial cells in culture: involvement of insoluble factors derived from astrocytes

Tanaka, J., Toku, K., Sakanaka, M., & Maeda, N. (1999) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00041-3 · Cited by 50

A Novel Macrophage Actin-associated Protein (MAYP) Is Tyrosine-phosphorylated following Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Stimulation

Yeung, Y.-G., Soldera, S., & Stanley, E. R. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.46.30638 · Cited by 49

STAT6-independent production of IL-4 by mast cells

Sherman, M. A., Secor, V. H., Lee, S. K., Lopez, R. D., & Brown, M. A. (1999) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04 · Cited by 45

Properties of voltage-gated potassium currents of microglia differentiated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Eder, C., Fischer, H., Hadding, U., & Heinemann, U. (1995) · The Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00233542 · Cited by 43

Expression of an outwardly rectifying K+ channel in rat microglia cultivated on teflon

Nörenberg, W., Appel, K., Bauer, J., Gebicke‐Haerter, P. J., & Illés, P. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)9001-0 · Cited by 42

Effects of macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor deficiency on the maturation of microglia and brain macrophages and on their expression of scavenger receptor

Sasaki, A., Yokoo, H., Naito, M., Kaizu, C., Shultz, L. D., & Nakazato, Y. (2000) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1789.2000.00286.x · Cited by 37

Blood monocytes and spleen macrophages differentiate into microglia-like cells when cultured on astrocytes

Sievers, J., Schmidtmayer, J., & Parwaresch, R. M. (1994) · Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80414-0 · Cited by 34

Voltage-gated proton currents in microglia of distinct morphology and functional state

Klee, R., Heinemann, U., & Eder, C. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00710-6 · Cited by 26

Distinct soluble astrocytic factors induce expression of outward K+ currents and ramification of brain macrophages

Eder, C., Klee, R., & Heinemann, U. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00281-4 · Cited by 26

Protein Kinase Inhibitor H7 Blocks the Induction of Immediate-Early Genes zif268 and c-fosby a Mechanism Unrelated to Inhibition of Protein Kinase C but Possibly Related to Inhibition of Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II

Kumahara, E., Ebihara, T., & Saffen, D. W. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.15.10430 · Cited by 21

Blockade of voltage-gated outward K+ currents of ramified murine microglia by scorpion peptide toxins

Eder, C., Klee, R., & Heinemann, U. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13164-5 · Cited by 14

Axotomy of rat facial nerve induces TGF-β and latent TGF-β binding protein

Colosetti, P., Olsson, T. P., Miyazono, K., & Funa, K. (1995) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(95)00021-6 · Cited by 11

Transforming growth factor-β2 regulates C3 secretion in monocytes through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway

Drouin, S. M., Kiley, S. C., Carlino, J. A., & Barnum, S. R. (1998) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(98)80012-6 · Cited by 7

Physiology of Microglia

Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547

Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia

Butovsky, O., Jedrychowski, M. P., Moore, C. S., Cialic, R., Lanser, A. J., Gabriely, G., Koeglsperger, T., Dake, B., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3599 · Cited by 2,543

iPSC-derived human microglia-like cells to study neurological diseases

Abud, E. M., Ramirez, R. N., Martinez, E. S., Healy, L. M., Nguyen, C. H. H., Newman, S. A., Yeromin, A. V., Scarfone, V. M., Marsh, S. E., Fimbres, C., et al. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.042 · Cited by 1,154

Diverse Requirements for Microglial Survival, Specification, and Function Revealed by Defined-Medium Cultures

Bohlen, C. J., Bennett, F. C., Tucker, A. F., Collins, H. Y., Mulinyawe, S. B., & Barres, B. A. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.043 · Cited by 658

A highly efficient human pluripotent stem cell microglia model displays a neuronal-co-culture-specific expression profile and inflammatory response

Haenseler, W., Sansom, S. N., Buchrieser, J., Newey, S. E., Moore, C. S., Nicholls, F. J., Chintawar, S., Schnell, C., Antel, J. P., Allen, N. D., et al. (2017) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.017 · Cited by 593

Mouse Astrocytes Promote Microglial Ramification by Releasing TGF-β and Forming Glial Fibers

Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Yi, S., Jiang, X., Qiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Xiao, C., & Zhou, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00195 · Cited by 34

Blood monocytes and spleen macrophages differentiate into microglia‐like cells on monolayers of astrocytes: Membrane currents

Schmidtmayer, J., Jacobsen, C. B., Miksch, G., & Sievers, J. (1994) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.440120403 · Cited by 86

Distinct soluble astrocytic factors induce expression of outward K+ currents and ramification of brain macrophages

Eder, C., Klee, R., & Heinemann, U. (1997) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00281-4 · Cited by 26

Microglial Ramification Requires Nondiffusible Factors Derived from Astrocytes

Tanaka, J., & Maeda, N. (1996) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0038 · Cited by 126

Morphological, immunophenotypical and electrophysiological properties of resting microglia in vitro

Eder, C., Schilling, T., Heinemann, U., Haas, D., Hailer, N. P., & Nitsch, R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00852.x · Cited by 60