The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biosynthesis and inactivation of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol in circulating and tumoral macrophages
Open accessAbstract
The stimulus‐induced biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) in intact mouse J774 macrophages and the inactivation of 2‐AG by the same cells or by rat circulating macrophages was studied. By using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, we found that ionomycin (5 µ m) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 µg·mL−1) cause a 24‐fold and 2.5‐fold stimulation of 2‐AG levels in J774 cells, respectively, thus providing unprecedented evidence that this cannabimimetic metabolite can be synthesized by macrophages. In J774 cells, LPS also induced a 7.8‐fold increase of the levels of the other endocannabinoid, anandamide, and, in rat circulating macrophages, an almost twofold increase of 2‐AG levels. Extracellular [3 H]2‐AG was cleared from the medium of intact J774 macrophages (t1/2 = 19–28 min) and esterified to phospholipids, diacylglycerols and triglycerides or hydrolyzed to [3 H]arachidonic acid and glycerol. These catabolic processes were attenuated differentially by various enzyme inhibitors. Rat circulating macrophages were shown to contain enzymatic activities for the hydrolysis of 2‐AG, including: (a) fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for anandamide breakdown and previously shown to catalyse also 2‐AG hydrolysis, and (b) a 2‐AG hydrolase activity different from FAAH and down‐regulated by LPS. High levels of FAAH mRNA were found in circulating macrophages but not platelets, which, however, contain a 2‐AG hydrolase. Both platelets and macrophages were shown to express the mRNA for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. A macrophage 2‐AG hydrolase with apparent Km = 110 µ m and Vmax = 7.9 nmol·min−1·(mg protein)−1 was partially characterized in J774 cells and found to exhibit an optimal pH of 6–7 and little or no sensitivity to typical FAAH inhibitors. These findings demonstrate for the first time that macrophages participate in the homeostasis of the hypotensive and immunomodulatory endocannabinoid 2‐AG through metabolic mechanisms that are subject to regulation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
Chomczynski, P., & Sacchi, N. (1987) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2 · Cited by 46,426
Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor
Devane, W. A., Hanuš, L., Breuer, A., Pertwee, R. G., Stevenson, L. A., Griffin, G., Gibson, D., Mandelbaum, A., Etinger, A., & Mechoulam, R. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1470919 · Cited by 5,633
Mechoulam, R., Ben-Shabat, S., Hanus, L., Ligumsky, M., Kaminski, N. E., Schatz, A. R., Gopher, A., Almog, S., Martin, B. R., Compton, D. R., et al. (1995) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)00109-d · Cited by 2,913
2-Arachidonoylgylcerol: A Possible Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand in Brain
Sugiura, T., Kondo, S., Sukagawa, A., Nakane, S., Shinoda, A., Itoh, K., Yamashita, A., & Waku, K. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2437 · Cited by 2,196
Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides
Cravatt, B. F., Giang, D. K., Mayfield, S. P., Boger, D. L., Lerner, R. A., & Gilula, N. B. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384083a0 · Cited by 2,125
Galiègue, S., Mary, S., Marchand, J., Dussossoy, D., Carrière, D., Carayon, P., Bouaboula, M., Shire, D., LE Fur, G., & Casellas, P. (1995) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20780.x · Cited by 1,749
Formation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in central neurons
Di Marzo, V., Fontana, A., Cadas, H., Schinelli, S., Cimino, G., Schwartz, J.-C., & Piomelli, D. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372686a0 · Cited by 1,587
Self-citationBen-Shabat, S., Fride, E., Sheskin, T., Tamiri, T., Rhee, M.-H., Vogel, Z., Bisogno, T., De Petrocellis, L., Di Marzo, V., & Mechoulam, R. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00392-6 · Cited by 629
Self-citationMechoulam, R., Fride, E., & Di Marzo, V. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00649-9 · Cited by 428
Self-citationThe endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation
De Petrocellis, L., Melck, D., Palmisano, A., Bisogno, T., Laezza, C., Bifulco, M., & Di Marzo, V. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8375 · Cited by 413
Self-citation
Cited by
Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake
Di Marzo, V., Goparaju, S. K., Wang, L., Liu, J., Bátkai, S., Járai, Z., Fezza, F., Miura, G. I., Palmiter, R. D., Sugiura, T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35071088 · Cited by 1,559
Self-citationThe endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitation
Marzo, V. D., Bifulco, M., & Petrocellis, L. D. (2004) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1495 · Cited by 1,090
Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics
Klein, T. W. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1602 · Cited by 728
The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis
Muccioli, G. G., Naslain, D., Bäckhed, F., Reigstad, C. S., Lambert, D. M., Delzenne, N. M., & Cani, P. D. (2010) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb.2010.46 · Cited by 691
The Endocannabinoid System and Pain
Guindon, J., & Hohmann, A. (2009) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152709789824660 · Cited by 476
Metadata
- Authors
- Di Marzo, V., Bisogno, T., De Petrocellis, L., Melck, D., Orlando, P., Wagner, J. A., & Kunos, G.
- Venue
- European Journal of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-08-15
- Volume
- 264
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 258-267
- ISSN
- 0014-2956 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1033
- OpenAlex
- W2006730284
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 12.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Biosynthesis and inactivation of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol in circulating and tumoral macrophages. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00631.x
- The paper
- Di Marzo, V., Bisogno, T., De Petrocellis, L., Melck, D., Orlando, P., Wagner, J. A., & Kunos, G. (1999). Biosynthesis and inactivation of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol in circulating and tumoral macrophages. European Journal of Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00631.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
