The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammatory Events Are Involved in Acne Lesion Initiation
Open accessAbstract
The earliest subclinical acne "lesion" is a microcomedone, of which hyperproliferation of the follicular epithelium is a characteristic feature. Inflammatory cells have been observed at the periphery of these "lesions". This study investigated whether inflammatory events occur pre or post hyperproliferative changes. Cellular, vascular, and proliferative markers were examined by immunohistochemical techniques on biopsies of clinically normal follicles from uninvolved skin and early inflamed lesions from acne patients. Control follicles were obtained from non-acne subjects. Follicles from uninvolved skin exhibited no microcomedonal features. Proliferation in the epithelium was comparable to controls and was significantly lower than in inflamed lesions. Numbers of CD3+, CD4+ T cells were elevated in the perifollicular and papillary dermis although levels were not equivalent to those in papules. The number of macrophages was also greatly increased and similar to those in papules. There were no changes in blood vessel numbers or vascular intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression but E-selectin expression was increased to levels found in papules and vascular adhesion molecule 1 levels were upregulated. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 were also upregulated perifollicularly. Moreover, aberrant integrin expression was demonstrated in the epidermis around these uninvolved follicles and inflamed lesions whereas the basement membrane was still intact. These results provide novel evidence for vascular endothelial cell activation and involvement of inflammatory responses in the very earliest stages of acne lesion development.
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“Another interesting aspect of the detected changes is the accumulation of lipid peroxides, specifically squalene peroxide, which activates the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs), stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, overall increasing the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in acne.27-29”
From Sebaceous-immunobiology is orchestrated by sebum lipids (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
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“These researchers hypothesize that the subsequent production of cytokines activates local endothelial cells, up-regulating inflammatory vascular markers (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], and human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR]) in the vasculature aroun…”
BackgroundInfluentialAcne and sebaceous gland function
Zouboulis, C. C. (2004) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004 · Cited by 561
Tuchayi, S. M., Makrantonaki, E., Ganceviciene, R., Dessinioti, C., Feldman, S. R., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.29 · Cited by 432
Metadata
- Authors
- Jeremy, A. H. T., Holland, D. B., Roberts, S. G., Thomson, K. F., & Cunliffe, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Leeds General Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Holland, Diana B.
- ORCID
- Cunliffe, William J.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-27
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062768474
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 16.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- acne, microcomedones, inflammation, T cells, macrophages, endothelial activation, E-selectin, VCAM-1, interleukin-1, integrins, basement membrane, follicular epithelium, vascular adhesion molecules
- MeSH terms
- CD68 Molecule, Acne Vulgaris, Adolescent, Adult, Blood Vessels, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Immunologic Memory, Interleukin-1, Laminin, Langerhans Cells, Macrophages, Neutrophils, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Biomarkers, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Keratinocytes, Antigens, CD, CD3 Complex, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Leukocyte Common Antigens, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Hair Follicle, Antigens, CD1, Collagen Type IV, Integrin alpha6, Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II
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