Cited by 541Acne and Rosacea Treatments and EffectsDermatology and Skin DiseasesPsoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Inflammatory Events Are Involved in Acne Lesion Initiation

Open access

Jeremy, Anthony H.T., Holland, Diana B., Roberts, Susan G., Thomson, Kathryn F., Cunliffe, William J.·2003·Journal of Investigative Dermatology

DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12321.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The earliest subclinical acne "lesion" is a microcomedone, of which hyperproliferation of the follicular epithelium is a characteristic feature. Inflammatory cells have been observed at the periphery of these "lesions". This study investigated whether inflammatory events occur pre or post hyperproliferative changes. Cellular, vascular, and proliferative markers were examined by immunohistochemical techniques on biopsies of clinically normal follicles from uninvolved skin and early inflamed lesions from acne patients. Control follicles were obtained from non-acne subjects. Follicles from uninvolved skin exhibited no microcomedonal features. Proliferation in the epithelium was comparable to controls and was significantly lower than in inflamed lesions. Numbers of CD3+, CD4+ T cells were elevated in the perifollicular and papillary dermis although levels were not equivalent to those in papules. The number of macrophages was also greatly increased and similar to those in papules. There were no changes in blood vessel numbers or vascular intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression but E-selectin expression was increased to levels found in papules and vascular adhesion molecule 1 levels were upregulated. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 were also upregulated perifollicularly. Moreover, aberrant integrin expression was demonstrated in the epidermis around these uninvolved follicles and inflamed lesions whereas the basement membrane was still intact. These results provide novel evidence for vascular endothelial cell activation and involvement of inflammatory responses in the very earliest stages of acne lesion development.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12321.x

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Requirement of Vascular Integrin α v β 3 for Angiogenesis
Brooks, P. C., Clark, R. A. F., & Cheresh, D. A. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7512751 · Cited by 3,020
Induction by IL 1 and interferon-gamma: tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1).
Dustin, M. L., Rothlein, R., Bhan, A. K., Dinarello, C. A., & Springer, T. A. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.137.1.245 · Cited by 2,450
Interleukin-1 Type II Receptor: A Decoy Target for IL-1 That Is Regulated by IL-4
Colotta, F., Re, F., Muzio, M., Bertini, R., Polentarutti, N., Sironi, M., Giri, J. G., Dower, S., Sims, J. E., & Mantovani, A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8332913 · Cited by 979
Adhesion of T lymphoblasts to epidermal keratinocytes is regulated by interferon gamma and is mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1).
Dustin, M. L., Singer, K. H., Tuck, D. T., & Springer, T. A. (1988) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.167.4.1323 · Cited by 669
Keratins and the Keratinocyte Activation Cycle
Freedberg, I. M., Tomic‐Canic, M., Komine, M., & Blumenberg, M. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01327.x · Cited by 564
Increased Microvascular Density and Enhanced Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in the Skin of VEGF Transgenic Mice
Detmar, M. J., Brown, L. F., Schön, M. P., Elicker, B. M., Velasco, P., Richard, L., Fukumura, D., Monsky, W. L., Claffey, K. P., & Jain, R. K. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00262.x · Cited by 550
Suprabasal integrin expression in the epidermis of transgenic mice results in developmental defects and a phenotype resembling psoriasis
Carroll, J. M., Romero, M. R., & Watt, F. M. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90211-2 · Cited by 303
Essential fatty acids and acne
Downing, D. T., Stewart, M. E., Wertz, P. W., & Strauss, J. S. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70025-x · Cited by 261
The permeability barrier in essential fatty acid deficiency: Evidence for a direct role for linoleic acid in barrier function
Elias, P. M., Brown, B. E., & Ziboh, V. A. (1980) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12541775 · Cited by 257
The Leeds revised acne grading system
O'brien, S., Lewis, J. B., & Cunliffe, W. (1998) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.3109/09546639809160698 · Cited by 226
Self-citation

Show all 34 references

Sorted by citations

The skin microbiome
Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537 · Cited by 3,143
Acne vulgaris
Williams, H. C., Dellavalle, R. P., & Garner, S. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60321-8 · Cited by 1,126
New insights into the management of acne: An update from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne Group
Thiboutot, D. M., Gollnick, H. P. M., Bettoli, V., Dréno, B., Kang, S., Leyden, J. J., Shalita, A. R., Lozada, V. T., Berson, D. S., Finlay, A. Y., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.01.019 · Cited by 863
“These researchers hypothesize that the subsequent production of cytokines activates local endothelial cells, up-regulating inflammatory vascular markers (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], and human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR]) in the vasculature aroun…”
BackgroundInfluential
Acne and sebaceous gland function
Zouboulis, C. C. (2004) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004 · Cited by 561
Acne vulgaris
Tuchayi, S. M., Makrantonaki, E., Ganceviciene, R., Dessinioti, C., Feldman, S. R., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.29 · Cited by 432
Steroidogenesis in the skin: Implications for local immune functions
Slominski, A., Zbytek, B., Nikolakis, G., Manna, P. R., Skobowiat, C., Zmijewski, M., Li, W., Janjetovic, Z., Postlethwaite, A., Zouboulis, C. C., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.006 · Cited by 369
Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in human sebocytes
Nagy, I., Pivarcsi, A., Kis, K., Koreck, A., Bodai, L., McDowell, A., Seltmann, H., Patrick, S., Zouboulis, C. C., & Kemény, L. (2006) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.001 · Cited by 375
“Macrophages, T cells, keratinocytes and sebocytes are all likely to be involved in the formation of acne lesions [6,15,16,39,40].”
Background
What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview
Dréno, B. (2017) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.14374 · Cited by 395
Distinct Strains of Propionibacterium acnes Induce Selective Human β-Defensin-2 and Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Keratinocytes Through Toll-Like Receptors
Nagy, I., Pivarcsi, A., Koreck, A., Széll, M., Urbán, E. Z., & Kemény, L. V. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23705.x · Cited by 336
An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne
Makrantonaki, E., Gancevičienė, R., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2011) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.3.1.13900 · Cited by 312
Host-microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of acne vulgaris
O’Neill, A. M., & Gallo, R. L. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0558-5 · Cited by 334
Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 are active in sebaceous glands
Alestas, T., Ganceviciene, R., Fimmel, S., Müller-Decker, K., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0715-8 · Cited by 269
“phages in early non-inflammatory acne lesions [3] support a major role of genuine inflammatory signalling in acne [4, 5].”
Background
The role of Propionibacterium acnes in acne pathogenesis: facts and controversies
Dessinioti, C., & Katsambas, A. (2009) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.03.012 · Cited by 261
Propionibacterium acnes : an update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne
Beylot, C., Auffret, N., Poli, F., Claudel, J. P., Leccia, M. ‐., Giudice, P. D., & Dréno, B. (2013) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12224 · Cited by 254
Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Degradation Mediated by Activated Transcription Factors Nuclear Factor-κB and Activator Protein-1 in Inflammatory Acne Lesions in Vivo
Kang, S., Cho, S., Chung, J. H., Hammerberg, C., Fisher, G. J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2005) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62479-0 · Cited by 251
“Thus, the recent observation that ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 expression levels on the luminal surface of endothelial cells are increased in inflammatory acne papules may be a consequence of TNF-# and IL-1$ induction in the milieu.(31) The elaboration of adhesion molecules is necessary to slow the flow of circulati…”
Background
Acne is an inflammatory disease and alterations of sebum composition initiate acne lesions
Zouboulis, C. C., Jourdan, E., & Picardo, M. (2014) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12298 · Cited by 286
IL-1β Drives Inflammatory Responses to Propionibacterium acnes In Vitro and In Vivo
Kistowska, M., Gehrke, S., Jankovic, D. L., Kerl, K., Fettelschoss‐Gabriel, A., Feldmeyer, L., Fenini, G., Kolios, A. G. A., Navarini, A. A., Gancevičienė, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.438 · Cited by 239
“Previous studies histologically assessing early events in skin biopsies from acne patients have revealed that macrophages are present in high numbers in the immediate proximity of the pilo-sebaceous follicle of uninvolved acne skin as well as in early stage inflammatory lesions (Layton et al., 1998; Jeremy et al., 200…”
Background
Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies
McLaughlin, J. B., Watterson, S., Layton, A., Bjourson, A. J., Barnard, E., & McDowell, A. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7050128 · Cited by 233
“In particular, formation of microcomedones is preceded by a lymphocytic infiltrate consisting of CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages [46]; inflammation is, therefore, not initiated by neutrophils (as originally thought), which appear later in the process and lead to pustule formation [47].”
Background
IL-17/Th17 Pathway Is Activated in Acne Lesions
Kelhälä, H., Palatsi, R., Fyhrquist, N., Lehtimäki, S., Väyrynen, J. P., Kallioinen, M. J., Kubin, M. E., Greco, D., Tasanen, K., Alenius, H. T., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105238 · Cited by 224
“The formation of microcomedos is preceded by mononuclear infiltrates consisting mainly of CD4+ T-cells and CD68+ macrophages [3].”
Background
ECCA Grading Scale: An Original Validated Acne Scar Grading Scale for Clinical Practice in Dermatology
Dréno, B., Khammari, A., Orain, N., Noray, C., Merial‐Kieny, C., Méry, S., & Nocera, T. (2006) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000096912 · Cited by 217
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis*
von Laffert, M., Helmbold, P., Wohlrab, J., Fiedler, E., Stadie, V., & Marsch, W. C. (2009) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00915.x · Cited by 206
Gene Array Expression Profiling in Acne Lesions Reveals Marked Upregulation of Genes Involved in Inflammation and Matrix Remodeling
Trivedi, N. R., Gilliland, K. L., Zhao, W., Liu, W., & Thiboutot, D. M. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700213 · Cited by 196
“(Freedberg et al., 2001; Jeremy et al., 2003).”
The role of inflammation in the pathology of acne.
Tanghetti, E. A. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 186
Propionibacterium acnes Promotes Th17 and Th17/Th1 Responses in Acne Patients
Kistowska, M., Meier-Schiesser, B., Proust, T., Feldmeyer, L., Cozzio, A., Kuendig, T., Contassot, E., & French, L. E. (2014) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2014.290 · Cited by 194
Understanding innate immunity and inflammation in acne: implications for management
Dréno, B., Gollnick, H. P. M., Kang, S., Thiboutot, D. M., Bettoli, V., Torres, V., Leyden, J., & the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne (2015) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.13190 · Cited by 191
Peroxidated Squalene Induces the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in HaCaT Keratinocytes: A Possible Role in Acne Vulgaris
Ottaviani, M., Alestas, T., Flori, E., Mastrofrancesco, A., Zouboulis, C. C., & Picardo, M. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700434 · Cited by 180
“acnes (Yokomizo et al., 2001; Jeremy et al., 2003).”
Comparison of five antimicrobial regimens for treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory facial acne vulgaris in the community: randomised controlled trial
Ozolins, M., Eady, E. A., Avery, A. J., Cunliffe, W. J., Li Wan Po, A., O'Neill, C., Simpson, N. B., Walters, C. E., Carnegie, E., Lewis, J. B., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17591-0 · Cited by 168
Self-citation
Why Topical Retinoids Are Mainstay of Therapy for Acne
Leyden, J., Stein-Gold, L., & Weiss, J. (2017) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-017-0185-2 · Cited by 164
Skin Immune Landscape: Inside and Outside the Organism
Abdallah, F., Mijouin, L., & Pichon, C. (2017) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2017/5095293 · Cited by 181
“Acne pathogenesis initiates and propagates due to abnormal keratinization resulting in pilosebaceous inflammation [147].”
Background
Interactions between host factors and the skin microbiome
SanMiguel, A. J., & Grice, E. A. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-014-1812-z · Cited by 171
Potential role of F ox O 1 and m TORC 1 in the pathogenesis of W estern diet‐induced acne
Melnik, B. C., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2013) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.12142 · Cited by 164
Recent Advances in Acne Pathogenesis: Implications for Therapy
Das, S., & Reynolds, R. V. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-014-0099-z · Cited by 157
“Androgens also promote comedogenesis through regulation of growth factors and IL-1a, which stimulate hyperkeratinization within the follicular duct and infundibulum [28].”
BackgroundInfluential
Patients with Acne Vulgaris Have a Distinct Gut Microbiota in Comparison with Healthy Controls
Deng, Y., Wang, H., Zhou, J. W., Mou, Y., Wang, G., & Xiong, X. (2018) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-2968 · Cited by 166
“Inflammatory markers, such as IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, were present in the early microcomedones and inflamed lesions (31), suggesting that disorder of gut microbiota caused by Western dietary habits could contribute to the early inflammation in acne.”
Background
Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands
Simpson, N. B., & Cunliffe, W. J. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch43 · Cited by 155
Self-citation
Photodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris: A critical review from basics to clinical practice
Sakamoto, F. H., Lopes, J. D., & Anderson, R. R. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.09.056 · Cited by 150
Sebaceous-immunobiology is orchestrated by sebum lipids
Lovászi, M., Szegedi, A., Zouboulis, C. C., & Törőcsik, D. (2017) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/19381980.2017.1375636 · Cited by 151
Topical Retinoids in Acne Vulgaris
Thielitz, A., & Gollnick, H. P. M. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/0128071-200809060-00003 · Cited by 145
Dietary intervention in acne
Melnik, B. C. (2012) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.19828 · Cited by 151
“T cell infiltrates are found in early acne lesions, which are associated with increased synthesis of interleukin-1a of acneprone sebaceous follicles.(76) Thus, the question arises whether Western diet-mediated mTORC1-overactivity affects T-cell homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory immune responses in acne.”
Background
Acne, Microbiome, and Probiotics: The Gut–Skin Axis
Sánchez-Pellicer, P., Navarro-Moratalla, L., Núñez-Delegido, E., Ruzafa-Costas, B., Agüera-Santos, J., & Navarro-López, V. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10071303 · Cited by 137
“An infiltration of CD4 cells has been evidenced in the pilosebaceous follicle in the initial stages of acne; CD3, CD4, and macrophage cells were found from the beginning of formation of the microcomedone [91].”
Background
Azelaic Acid: Properties and Mode of Action
Sieber, M. A., & Hegel, J. K. E. (2013) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000354888 · Cited by 135
Clinical applications of non-antimicrobial tetracyclines in dermatology
Monk, E., Shalita, A. R., & Siegel, D. M. (2010) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.10.007 · Cited by 132
Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: A review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action
Hammer, K. A. (2014) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.011 · Cited by 132
European recommendations on the use of oral antibiotics for acne.
Dréno, B., Bettoli, V., Ochsendorf, F. R., Layton, A., Mobacken, H., & Degreef, H. J. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 129
Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations
Zouboulis, C. C., Coenye, T., He, L., Kabashima, K., Kobayashi, T., Niemann, C., Nomura, T., Oláh, A., Picardo, M., Quist, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818 · Cited by 143
“…response, ﬁ rst published in 2001 (88) obtained partial con ﬁ rmation in 2003 through the detection of CD3+, CD4+ T cells in the perifollicular dermis of acne microcomedones before even the initiation of sebocyte and follicular keratinocyte hyperproliferation, associated with the acne lesions (89).”
Background
Pathophysiology of acne
Degitz, K., Placzek, M., Borelli, C., & Plewig, G. (2007) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06274.x · Cited by 126
The role of topical dermocosmetics in acne vulgaris
Araviiskaia, E., & Dréno, B. (2016) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.13579 · Cited by 123
Role of hormones in acne vulgaris
Arora, M. K., Yadav, A., & Saini, V. (2011) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.984 · Cited by 121
“The entire process is initiated by interleukin (IL)-1α, which is up-regulated in response to a relative linoleic acid deficiency caused by excess sebum and perturbation of barrier function within the follicle [16].”
Background
Anti‐microbial and ‐inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: an in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris
Pavicic, T., Wollenweber, U., Farwick, M., & Korting, H. C. (2007) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00378.x · Cited by 120
“Recently, significant pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1, have been identified around clinically normal pilosebaceous follicles from uninvolved skin in acne patients prior to hyperproliferation of the follicular epithelium [1].”
Background
Isotretinoin is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study
Bernstein, C. N., Nugent, Z., Longobardi, T., & Blanchard, J. F. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.417 · Cited by 118
Lipid Mediators in Acne
Ottaviani, M., Camera, E., & Picardo, M. (2010) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2010/858176 · Cited by 143
Comedone formation: Etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment
Cunliffe, W. J., Holland, D. B., & Jeremy, A. H. T. (2004) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.011 · Cited by 116
Self-citation
Induction of a chemoattractive proinflammatory cytokine response after stimulation of keratinocytes with Propionibacterium acnes and coproporphyrin III
Schaller, M., Loewenstein, M., Borelli, C., Jacob, K., Vogeser, M., Burgdorf, W. H. C., & Plewig, G. (2005) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06530.x · Cited by 116
Acne: Inflammation
Farrar, M. D., & Ingham, E. (2004) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.006 · Cited by 114
The Role of Photodynamic Therapy in Acne: An Evidence-Based Review
Boen, M., Brownell, J., Patel, P., & Tsoukas, M. M. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0255-3 · Cited by 111
Adult-onset acne: prevalence, impact, and management challenges
Rocha, M., & Bagatin, E. (2018) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s137794 · Cited by 110
“20 P. acnes is connected to toll-like receptors (TLRs) present in the keratinocytes, sebocytes, and dendritic cells, triggering signalizing cascades that activate transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor kappa B and phosphokinases such as mitogen activators.”
Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies
Kim, H. J., & Kim, Y. H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105302 · Cited by 132
The role of isotretinoin in acne therapy: why not as first-line therapy? facts and controversies
Rigopoulos, D., Larios, G., & Katsambas, A. (2009) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.03.005 · Cited by 105
The sebocyte culture: a model to study the pathophysiology of the sebaceous gland in sebostasis, seborrhoea and acne
Zouboulis, C. C., Schagen, S., & Alestas, T. (2008) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-008-0879-5 · Cited by 105
Resveratrol-Containing Gel for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Fabbrocini, G., Staibano, S., Rosa, G. D., Battimiello, V., Fardella, N., Ilardi, G., Rotonda, M. I. L., Longobardi, A., Mazzella, M., Siano, M., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/11530630-000000000-00000 · Cited by 104
Adolescent acne vulgaris: current and emerging treatments
Layton, A., & Ravenscroft, J. (2022) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00314-5 · Cited by 103
Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes Bacteriophage Therapy in Acne: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Castillo, D. E., Nanda, S., & Keri, J. E. (2018) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-018-0275-9 · Cited by 103
Update on etiopathogenesis and treatment of Acne
Bhat, Y. J., Latief, I., & Hassan, I. (2017) · Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology · doi:10.4103/0378-6323.199581 · Cited by 100
New Insights into Acne Pathogenesis: Propionibacterium Acnes Activates the Inflammasome
Contassot, E., & French, L. E. (2014) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.505 · Cited by 98
“tory cells, and notably macrophages, likely serving as sentinels, are present in high numbers in the immediate proximity of pilo-sebaceous follicles of the uninvolved acne skin, as well as in early stage inflammatory acne lesions, but in contrast, not around the pilosebaceous units of normal skin from healthy individu…”
Background
Development and Investigation of Vitamin C-Enriched Adapalene-Loaded Transfersome Gel: a Collegial Approach for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Vasanth, S., Dubey, A., Shriram, R. G., Lewis, S. A., Ghate, V., El‐Zahaby, S. A., & Hebbar, S. (2020) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-019-1518-5 · Cited by 101
Updated Treatment for Acne: Targeted Therapy Based on Pathogenesis
Kurokawa, I., Layton, A., & Ogawa, R. (2021) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-021-00552-6 · Cited by 96
Update in retinoid therapy of acne
Thielitz, A., Krautheim, A., & Gollnick, H. P. M. (2006) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2006.00084.x · Cited by 96
“On a microscopic level, the beginning of microcomedone formation is also associated with vascular endothelial cell activation and inflammatory events (7), which support the hypothesis that acne may represent a genuine inflammatory disease.”
Background
Palmitic Acid Induces Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1 β , and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α via a NF- κ B-Dependent Mechanism in HaCaT Keratinocytes
Zhou, B., Zhang, J.-A., Zhang, Q., Permatasari, F., Xu, Y., Wu, D., Yin, Z., & Luo, D. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/530429 · Cited by 94
“Thus, the observation that ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM1 expression levels on the luminal surface of endothelial cells are increased in inflammatory acne papules may be a consequence of TNF-α and IL-1β induction in themilieu [33].”
Background
Sebocytes contribute to skin inflammation by promoting the differentiation of T helper 17 cells
Mattii, M., Lovászi, M., Garzorz, N., Atenhan, A., Quaranta, M., Lauffer, F., Konstantinow, A., Küpper, M., Zouboulis, C. C., Kemény, L. V., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.15879 · Cited by 98
Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes diversity loss: a trigger for skin inflammatory process
Dagnelie, M., Corvec, S., Saint-Jean, M., Nguyen, J., Khammari, A., & Dréno, B. (2019) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.15795 · Cited by 96
Atrophic acne scar: a process from altered metabolism of elastic fibres and collagen fibres based on transforming growth factor‐β1 signalling
Moon, J., Yoon, J. Y., Yang, J. H., Kwon, H. H., Min, S., & Suh, D. H. (2019) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.17851 · Cited by 102
Acne: Systemic treatment
Katsambas, A., & Papakonstantinou, A. (2004) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.014 · Cited by 92
Acne and Rosacea
Picardo, M., Eichenfield, L. F., & Tan, J. K. L. (2017) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-016-0168-8 · Cited by 90
“These include a confirmed association between sebaceous lipid synthesis and inflammation [8] and evidence of elevated levels of CD3? and CD4? T cells and inflammatory markers in early subclinical acne lesions (microcomedones) [9, 10].”
Background
Toll-like receptor 2 activation and comedogenesis: implications for the pathogenesis of acne
Selway, J. L., Kurczab, T., Kealey, T., & Langlands, K. (2013) · BMC Dermatology · doi:10.1186/1471-5945-13-10 · Cited by 90
“Thus, enhanced sebum levels, high IGF1 signaling and free fatty acid availability could act in concert to create a pro-inflammatory state primed for comedogenesis [28].”
Background
Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands
Layton, A. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444317633.ch42 · Cited by 87
Classification of inflammatory skin diseases: A proposal based on the disorders of the three-layered defense systems, barrier, innate immunity and acquired immunity
Dainichi, T., Hanakawa, S., & Kabashima, K. (2014) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.08.010 · Cited by 93
“[31] Jeremy AH, Holland DB, Roberts SG, Thomson KF, Cunliffe WJ: Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation.”
Background
Effects of Topical Retinoids on Acne and Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Patients with Skin of Color: A Clinical Review and Implications for Practice
Callender, V. D., Baldwin, H. E., Cook-Bolden, F. E., Alexis, A. F., Gold, L. S., & Guenin, E. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-021-00643-2 · Cited by 87
“, increased expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1, upregulation of interleukin-1) are likely involved in the very earliest stages of acne development, prior to the hyperproliferative changes that are seen in visible lesions [45].”
Background
The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Acne and Acne Scarring
Holland, D. B., & Jeremy, A. H. T. (2005) · Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.sder.2005.03.004 · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Hidradenitis suppurativa is an autoinflammatory keratinization disease: A review of the clinical, histologic, and molecular evidence
Frew, J. W. (2020) · JAAD International · doi:10.1016/j.jdin.2020.05.005 · Cited by 84
Antibodies Elicited by Inactivated Propionibacterium acnes-Based Vaccines Exert Protective Immunity and Attenuate the IL-8 Production in Human Sebocytes: Relevance to Therapy for Acne Vulgaris
Nakatsuji, T., Liu, Y.-T., Huang, C.-P., Gallo, R. L., & Huang, C. (2008) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2008.117 · Cited by 86
“The first stage is comedo formation, which is characterized by the initiation of inflammatory events before hyperproliferation of the follicular epithelia (microcomedo) (Jeremy et al., 2003); the second stage is the occurrence of inflammation and disruption of follicular epithelia.”
Background
The Pathogenesis and Management of Acne-Induced Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
Elbuluk, N., Grimes, P. E., Chien, A. L.-L., Hamzavi, I. H., Alexis, A. F., Taylor, S. C., González, N., Weiss, J., Desai, S. R., & Kang, S. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-021-00633-4 · Cited by 92
Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Aminopeptidase N Target Major Pathogenetic Steps in Acne Initiation
Thielitz, A., Reinhold, D., Vetter, R., Bank, U., Helmuth, M., Hartig, R., Wrenger, S., Wiswedel, I., Lendeckel, U., Kähne, T., et al. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700439 · Cited by 82
“Increased levels can be found in uninvolved follicles, early acne lesions (Aldana et al., 1998; Jeremy et al., 2003), and abundantly in extracted mature comedones (Ingham et al.”
Background
Understanding the role of Propionibacterium acnes in acne vulgaris: The critical importance of skin sampling methodologies
Omer, H., McDowell, A., & Alexeyev, O. A. (2016) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.003 · Cited by 82
IL‐17 and its role in inflammatory, autoimmune, and oncological skin diseases: state of art
Bernardini, N., Skroza, N., Tolino, E., Mambrin, A., Anzalone, A., Balduzzi, V., Colapietra, D., Marchesiello, A., Michelini, S., Proietti, I., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.14695 · Cited by 83
Propionibacterium acnes-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Acne-Like Phenotypes in Human Epidermis
Choi, E.-J., Lee, H. G., Bae, I., Kim, W., Park, J., Lee, T. R., & Cho, E. (2018) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.007 · Cited by 79
“Increased numbers of neutrophils, hyperkeratinization, and less desquamation are frequently observed in acne lesions (Gollnick et al., 2003; Jeremy et al., 2003).”
Background
Use of lipidomics to investigate sebum dysfunction in juvenile acne
Camera, E., Ludovici, M., Tortorella, S., Sinagra, J. L., Capitanio, B., Goracci, L., & Picardo, M. (2016) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m067942 · Cited by 79
Recent advances in understanding inflammatory acne: Deciphering the relationship betweenCutibacterium acnesand Th17 inflammatory pathway
Mias, C., Mengeaud, V., Bessou‐Touya, S., & Duplan, H. (2023) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.18794 · Cited by 88
“25 It is now known that inflammation not only occurs during the development of the inflammatory phase but also during the initial phases of the pathology, in microcomedones and comedones.(19,26) These four pathways have been reviewed elsewhere.”
Background
Management of Acne Scarring, Part II
Levy, L., & Zeichner, J. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/11631410-000000000-00000 · Cited by 77
Modulation of integrins and filaggrin expression by Propionibacterium acnes extracts on keratinocytes
Jarrousse, V., Castex‐Rizzi, N., Khammari, A., Charvéron, M., & Dréno, B. (2007) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-007-0774-5 · Cited by 76
“Concerning 3 and 6 integrins, an in vivo study focusing on follicles of acne patients [7] has shown an aberrant 2 and 3 integrins expression around comedones and uninvolved pilosebaceous follicles from acne lesions.”
Background
Endocrinology and immunology of acne: Two sides of the same coin
Zouboulis, C. C. (2020) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.14172 · Cited by 78
The role of neuropeptides in the multifactorial pathogenesis of acne vulgaris
Gancevičienė, R., Böhm, M., Fimmel, S., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2009) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.1.3.8496 · Cited by 74
Role of FGFR2-signaling in the pathogenesis of acne
Melnik, B. C. (2009) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.1.3.8474 · Cited by 74
Systemic antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris
Ochsendorf, F. R. (2006) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2006.06053.x · Cited by 74
Could adult female acne be associated with modern life?
Albuquerque, R. G., Rocha, M., Bagatin, E., Tufik, S., & Andersen, M. L. (2014) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-014-1482-6 · Cited by 74
“Even more, the number of cells was equivalent to that observed on inflamed lesions (acne-involved skin) from the same patient [38].”
Background
A microbial aetiology of acne: what is the evidence?
Shaheen, B., & Gonzalez, M. (2011) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10375.x · Cited by 72
Anti-Acne Agents Attenuate FGFR2 Signal Transduction in Acne
Melnik, B. C., Schmitz, G., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2009) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2009.8 · Cited by 72
“IL-1a is involved in the early inflammatory events in acne and activation of keratinocytes and sebocytes (Anttila et al., 1992; Boehm et al. 1995; Zouboulis et al., 1998; Freedberg et al., 2001; Jeremy et al., 2003).”
Background
Pathogenesis of acne vulgaris: recent advances.
Bhambri, S., Rosso, J. Q. D., & Bhambri, A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 71
Increased interferon-γ, interleukin-12p40 and IL-8 production in Propionibacterium acnes-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patient with acne vulgaris
Sugisaki, H., Yamanaka, K., Kakeda, M., Kitagawa, H., Tanaka, K. Y., Watanabe, K., Gabazza, E. C., Kurokawa, I., & Mizutani, H. (2009) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.02.015 · Cited by 71
Propionic Acid Produced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains Contributes to Their Pathogenicity
Tax, G., Urbán, E. Z., Palotás, Z., Puskas, R., Kónya, Z., Bı́ró, T., Kemény, L. V., & Szabó, K. (2015) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-2154 · Cited by 71
A review of skin immune processes in acne
Jin, Z., Song, Y., & He, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324930 · Cited by 77
Computer-assisted alignment and tracking of acne lesions indicate that most inflammatory lesions arise from comedones and de novo
Thy, T., Zarkhin, S., Orringer, J. S., Nemeth, S. A., Hamilton, T. A., Sachs, D. L., Voorhees, J. J., & Kang, S. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.12.024 · Cited by 70

Authors: Jeremy, A. H. T., Holland, D. B., Roberts, S. G., Thomson, K. F., & Cunliffe, W. J.
Affiliations: Leeds General Infirmary (GB)
Corresponding author: Holland, Diana B.
ORCID: Cunliffe, William J.
Venue: Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 121
Issue: 1
Pages: 20-27
ISSN: 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12321.x
OpenAlex: W2062768474
Cited by: 541
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 16.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 4537 d)
Locations: Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Keywords: acne, microcomedones, inflammation, T cells, macrophages, endothelial activation, E-selectin, VCAM-1, interleukin-1, integrins, basement membrane, follicular epithelium, vascular adhesion molecules
MeSH terms: CD68 Molecule, Acne Vulgaris, Adolescent, Adult, Blood Vessels, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Immunologic Memory, Interleukin-1, Laminin, Langerhans Cells, Macrophages, Neutrophils, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Biomarkers, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Keratinocytes, Antigens, CD, CD3 Complex, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Leukocyte Common Antigens, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Hair Follicle, Antigens, CD1, Collagen Type IV, Integrin alpha6, Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Inflammatory Events Are Involved in Acne Lesion Initiation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks