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Cited by 41Malaria Research and ControlMosquito-borne diseases and controlBird parasitology and diseases

Anopheles bionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms, and malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire: a pre-intervention study

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Zogo, Barnabas, Soma, Dieudonné Diloma, Tchiekoi, Bertin N’Cho, Somé, Anthony, Ahoua Alou, Ludovic P., Koffi, Alphonsine A., Fournet, Florence, Dahounto, Amal +6 more·2019·Parasite
DOI 10.1051/parasite/2019040PMC PMC6625791

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Abstract

A better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. In the framework of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire, and to obtain baseline data for the trial. We performed human landing collections (HLCs) in 26 villages in the Korhogo area during the rainy season (September–October 2016, April–May 2017) and the dry season (November–December 2016, February–March 2017). We used PCR techniques to ascertain the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset of Anopheles vectors. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant malaria vector in the Korhogo area. Overall, more vectors were collected outdoors than indoors ( p < 0.001). Of the 774 An. gambiae s.l. tested in the laboratory, 89.65% were An. gambiae s.s. and 10.35% were An. coluzzii . The frequencies of the kdr allele were very high in An. gambiae s.s. but the ace-1 allele was found at moderate frequencies. An unprotected individual living in the Korhogo area received an average of 9.04, 0.63, 0.06 and 0.12 infected bites per night in September–October, November–December, February–March, and April–May, respectively. These results demonstrate that the intensity of malaria transmission is extremely high in the Korhogo area, especially during the rainy season. Malaria control in highly endemic areas such as Korhogo needs to be strengthened with complementary tools in order to reduce the burden of the disease.

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  • The lower frequency of resistance alleles in An. coluzzii was associated with a higher proportion of heterozygotes, implying that An. gambiae is better adapted to insecticide pressure.

    “The lower frequency the resistance alleles in An. coluzzii was associated with higher proportion of heterozygous, implying that An. gambiae is better adapted to insecticide pressure as evidenced elsewhere in Côte d’Ivoire [8, 37] and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa [24, 38, 39].”

    From Entomological indicators of malaria transmission prior to a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a 'lethal house lure' intervention in central Côte d'Ivoire (2022) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Discussion reports that both resistance alleles were more frequent in An. gambiae s.s. than in An. coluzzii. Results Table 5 also shows a higher proportion of kdr heterozygotes in An. coluzzii in several surveys, but Table 6 does not show that pattern for ace-1. The paper does not establish that An. gambiae s.s. is better adapted to insecticide pressure. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In Côte d'Ivoire, four vector species, An. gambiae s.s, An. coluzzii, An. funestus and An. nili, are responsible for malaria transmission.

    “Several studies have shown that four vector species, An. gambiae s.s, An. coluzzii, An. funestus and An. nili, are responsible for malaria transmission (Diakité et al. 2015; Zogo et al. 2019).”

    From Resting and feeding behaviour of malaria vectors, in two areas of high long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage in Côte d'Ivoire (2024) · cites this paper as Zogo et al. 2019

    The Conclusions identify all four named vector categories as contributing to malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, with An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii playing the main roles. The study does not establish that these are the four responsible species throughout Côte d’Ivoire; it identifies the other two only as members of the An. funestus group and An. nili complex. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A total of 8 species of Anopheles genus were identified in all villages, including three malaria vectors: An. gambiae s.l., An. funestus and An. nili.

    “A total of 8 species of Anopheles genus were identified in all villages, including three malaria vectors that are An. gambiae s.l., An. funestus and An. nili, already reported for their involvement in malaria transmission in Côte d'Ivoire (Zogo et al. 2019; Assouho et al. 2020; Adja et al. 2020).”

    From Resting and feeding behaviour of malaria vectors, in two areas of high long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage in Côte d'Ivoire (2024) · cites this paper as Zogo et al. 2019

  • This observation is in line with studies conducted in the western, eastern, northern and central parts of Côte d'Ivoire, which found high levels of malaria transmission.

    “This observation is in line with studies conducted in the western [16], eastern [42], northern [43] and central parts of Côte d’Ivoire [44], which found high levels of malaria transmission.”

    From Characterization and abundance of malaria vectors in Sakassou, Central Côte d'Ivoire (2025) · cites this paper as [43]

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Authors
Zogo, B., Soma, D. D., Tchiekoi, B. N., Somé, A., Ahoua Alou, L. P., Koffi, A. A., Fournet, F., Dahounto, A., Coulibaly, B., Kandé, S., Dabiré, R. K., Baba-Moussa, L., Moiroux, N., & Pennetier, C.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Nazi Boni University (BF)
  • Institut National de Santé Publique (CI)
  • Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (BF)
Corresponding author
Zogo, Barnabas
ORCID
Venue
Parasite
Publisher
EDP Sciences
Published
2019
Volume
26
Pages
40
ISSN
  • 1252-607X (ISSN-L)
  • 1776-1042
DOI
10.1051/parasite/2019040
PMC
PMC6625791
OpenAlex
W2961516233
Cited by
41
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
FWCI
2.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Parasite (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
Keywords
insecticide resistance mechanisms, malaria transmission, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles coluzzii, kdr allele, seasonal variation, Korhogo, malaria vector control
MeSH terms
Mosquito Vectors, Animals, Anopheles, Bites and Stings, Ecology, Female, Humans, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, Cote d'Ivoire, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Plasmodium falciparum, Seasons, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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