The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oral naltrexone treatment for cholestatic pruritus: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims The efficacy of currently available therapeutic agents for cholestatic pruritus is often disappointing. The aim of this study was to assess the antipruritic effect of naltrexone, an oral opiate receptor antagonist. Methods Sixteen patients with pruritus of chronic cholestasis were randomized to receive naltrexone (4-week course of 50 mg naltrexone daily) or placebo. Pruritus, quality of sleep, fatigue (using visual analogue scales), side effects, and liver function were assessed every 2 weeks. Serum naltrexone and 6 beta-naltrexol concentrations in all patients and 5 healthy controls were measured during the first day of naltrexone treatment. Results Mean changes with respect to baseline were significantly different, in favor of the naltrexone group, for daytime itching (-54% vs. 8%; P < 0.001) and nighttime itching (-44% vs. 7%, P = 0.003). In 4 naltrexone-treated patients, side effects (transient in 3 cases) consistent with an opiate withdrawal syndrome were noted. No deterioration of the underlying disease was observed. Naltrexone and 6 beta-naltrexol levels did not differ between patients and controls, and there was no significant association with treatment response. Conclusions For patients with cholestatic liver disease and itching, refractory to regular antipruritic therapy, oral naltrexone may be an effective and well-tolerated alternative.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Opiate antagonists (oral naltrexone and parenteral naloxone) are increasingly used as third-line therapy as they reduce the sensation of itching and scratching activity.186 190–192”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [191]
Citations
Cites
Opioid peptides and primary biliary cirrhosis
Thornton, J. R., & Losowsky, M. S. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6662.1501 · Cited by 300
Treatment of pruritus of primary biliary cirrhosis with rifampin
Podesta, A., Lopez, P., Terg, R., Villamil, F., Flores, D., Mastai, R., Udaondo, C. B., & Companc, J. P. (1991) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01300759 · Cited by 267
Effects of long-term rifampicin administration in primary biliary cirrhosis
Bachs, L., Parés, A., Elena, M., Piera, C., & Rodés, J. (1992) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(92)90335-v · Cited by 235
Cholestyramine for long term relief of the pruritus complicating intrahepatic cholestasis
Datta, D. V., & Sherlock, S. (1966) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(66)80071-9 · Cited by 181
Liver transplantation: An overview
Maddrey, W. C., & Thiel, D. H. V. (1988) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840080440 · Cited by 154
Nalmefene: Intravenous safety and kinetics of a new opioid antagonist
Dixon, R., Howes, J. F., Gentile, J., Hsu, H., Hsiao, J. H., Garg, D. C., Weidler, D. J., Meyer, M. C., & Tuttle, R. R. (1986) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1986.9 · Cited by 98
Pruritus in hepatic cholestasis. Pathogenesis and therapy
Garden, J. M. (1985) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.121.11.1415 · Cited by 57
Pruritis associated with cholestasis
Khandelwal, M., & Malet, P. F. (1994) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02090052 · Cited by 46
Bergasa, N. V., & Jones, E. A. (1993) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007360 · Cited by 36
Bergasa, N. V. (1993) · Hepatology · doi:10.1016/0270-9139(93)92233-p · Cited by 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 343
Managing Sleep Disturbances in Cirrhosis
Zhao, X., & Wong, P. Y. N. (2016) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2016/6576812 · Cited by 10
Mechanisms and Treatments of Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Shah, R., & Kowdley, K. V. (2019) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1679918 · Cited by 10
Update on Emerging Treatment Options for Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Aguilar, M. T., & Chascsa, D. M. H. (2020) · Hepatic Medicine Evidence and Research · doi:10.2147/hmer.s205431 · Cited by 10
Efficacy of Treatments for Cholestatic Pruritus: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis
Dervout, C., Boulais, N., Barnetche, T., Nousbaum, J., Brenaut, E., & Misery, L. (2022) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/actadv.v102.310 · Cited by 12
Therapeutic Pipeline in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Thakral, N., Deutsch‐Link, S., & Singal, A. K. (2022) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1759614 · Cited by 12
Practical guidelines for the use of steroid-sparing agents in the treatment of chronic pruritus
Cotes, M. E. S., & Swerlick, R. A. (2013) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/dth.12026 · Cited by 10
Endogenous opioids and liver disease
Mani, A. R., Rasool, R., Montagnese, S., & Dehpour, A. R. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520500287533 · Cited by 10
Itching for Answers: A Comprehensive Review of Cholestatic Pruritus Treatments
Gabrielli, F., Crepaldi, E., Cavicchioli, A., Rivi, M., Costanzo, A. A. C., Cursaro, C., & Andreoné, P. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14101227 · Cited by 11
Terán, Á., Fábrega, E., & Pons‐Romero, F. (2009) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.07.006 · Cited by 9
Psychotropics in different causes of itch: systematic review with controlled studies
Brasileiro, L. E. E., Barreto, D., & Nunes, E. A. (2016) · Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164878 · Cited by 9
Kunzmann, S., Kullak-Ublick, G. A., Greiner, A., Jeschke, R., & Hebestreit, H. U. (2005) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000148775.64966.96 · Cited by 9
End-stage liver disease in children
Squires, R. H. (2001) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-001-0006-6 · Cited by 9
A Case Report of Naltrexone for Alcoholism in a Liver Transplant Recipient: Side Effects and Safety
Weinrieb, R. M., & O’Brien, C. P. (2004) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490490512870 · Cited by 9
Cherny, N. I. (2004) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh928 · Cited by 9
Pharmacokinetics and dialysability of naltrexone in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Kambia, N. K., Dine, T., Odou, P., Bah, S., Azar, R., Gressier, B., Dupin-Spriet, T., Luyckx, M., & Brunet, C. (2004) · European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/bf03190603 · Cited by 8
Treeprasertsuk, S., Silachamroon, U., Krudsood, S., Huntrup, A., Suwannakudt, P., Vannaphan, S., & Wilairatana, P. (2009) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06007.x · Cited by 8
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Rost, D., Kulaksiz, H., & Stiehl, A. (2007) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-007-0063-6 · Cited by 8
Review of management of pruritus in palliative care
Alshammary, S. A., Duraisamy, B. P., & Alsuhail, A. (2016) · Journal of Health Specialties · doi:10.4103/1658-600x.173844 · Cited by 8
Medical and nutritional management of cholestasis in infants and children
Feranchak, A. P., Suchy, F. J., & Sokol, R. J. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139012102.010 · Cited by 8
Neonatal Cholestasis: A Red Alert for the Jaundiced Newborn
Pashankar, D. S., & Schreiber, R. A. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1155/2000/657368 · Cited by 8
Symptom burden in chronic liver disease
Hassan, A., de León, I. H.-D., & Tapper, E. B. (2023) · Gastroenterology report · doi:10.1093/gastro/goae078 · Cited by 7
Care of the Cholestatic Patient
Gossard, A. A. (2012) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.11.005 · Cited by 7
Stauber, R. E., Krisper, P., Zollner, G., Iberer, F., Beuers, U. H., & Trauner, M. A. (2004) · The International Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1177/039139880402700411 · Cited by 7
Assessment of the Visual Analogue Score in the Evaluation of the Pruritus of Cholestasis
Bergasa, N. V., & Jones, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2017.00001 · Cited by 7
Traitement symptomatique du prurit
Misery, L. (2005) · Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie · doi:10.1016/s0151-9638(05)79317-0 · Cited by 7
(1997) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/106002809703100720 · Cited by 7
Management of Autoimmune and Cholestatic Liver Disorders
Krok, K. L., & Muñoz, S. J. (2009) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2009.02.011 · Cited by 6
Pruritus bei inneren Erkrankungen
Mettang, T., Streit, M., & Weißhaar, E. (2006) · Der Hautarzt · doi:10.1007/s00105-006-1124-9 · Cited by 6
Safety considerations for the management of cholestatic itch
Trivella, J. P., & Levy, C. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2021.1915984 · Cited by 6
Bergasa, N. V. (2010) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31629-1 · Cited by 6
Management of primary biliary cirrhosis: From diagnosis to end-stage disease
Lazaridis, K. N., & Lindor, K. D. (2000) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-000-0091-z · Cited by 6
Elias, E. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781444341294.ch11 · Cited by 6
Chazouillères, O., & Housset, C. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470691861.ch19a · Cited by 6
Talwalkar, J. A. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199373338.003.0035 · Cited by 5
Esmaeili, A., Toosi, M. N., Taher, M., Merat, S., Bayani, J., Karimian, Z., Esmaeili, A., Moazzami, B., & Namazi, S. (2021) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22037/ijpr.2020.112942.14024 · Cited by 5
Brune, A., Metze, D., Luger, T. A., & Ständer, S. (2004) · Der Hautarzt · Cited by 5
Summey, B. T. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-05674-8.50170-5 · Cited by 5
Dermatological Issues Among Individuals Receiving Palliative Care - A Review
Kwan, Z., Han, W. H., Yong, S. S., Faheem, N. A. A., Choong, R. K. J., Zainuddin, S. I., Lam, C. L., Tan, M. P., & Capelle, D. P. (2023) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/10499091231198752 · Cited by 4
Gairola, A., Wetten, A., & Dyson, J. K. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2024.2343789 · Cited by 4
Itch Management: Systemic Agents
Pongcharoen, P., & Fleischer, A. B. (2016) · Current problems in dermatology · doi:10.1159/000446041 · Cited by 4
Jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy
Keen, J. (2015) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0204 · Cited by 4
Kouwenhoven, T. A., Kerkhof, P., & Kamsteeg, M. (2018) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-3101 · Cited by 4
Treatment of biliary problems in inflammatory bowel disease
Huang, C. S., & Lichtenstein, D. R. (2005) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-005-0004-1 · Cited by 4
Medical and Nutritional Management of Cholestasis in Infants and Children
Suchy, F. J., & Sokol, R. J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108918978.009 · Cited by 4
Complications of Liver Disease
Bergasa, N. V. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4715-2_15 · Cited by 4
Trauner, M., & Boyer, J. L. (1999) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00001574-199905000-00006 · Cited by 4
Dean, R. D., Yazdanfar, M., Zepeda, J., Levy, C., Lammert, C. S., Pratt, D. S., Gordon, S. C., Forman, L., Assis, D. N., McGirr, A. A., et al. (2025) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000703 · Cited by 3
Bergasa, N. V., & Jones, E. A. (1998) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70014-3 · Cited by 3
Could low-dose naltrexone be an effective treatment for Hailey-Hailey Disease?
Izquierdo, D., Renvoisé, B., LaPoint, K., Gouw, A. M., Lin, J., & Babar, I. (2016) · Cited by 3
Therapeutics for Pruritus in Cholestatic Liver Disease: Many Treatments but Few Cures
Pederson, M., & Mayo, M. J. (2018) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-018-0397-7 · Cited by 3
Management Of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
Sandhu, B. S., & Luketic, V. A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Hamilton, J. P., & Laurin, J. M. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-118-5_2 · Cited by 3
Jansen, P. L. M. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119237662.ch13 · Cited by 3
Pemathilaka, R. L., Reynolds, D. E., & Hashemi, N. N. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.045229 · Cited by 3
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Talwalkar, J. A., & Lazaridis, K. N. (2015) · Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1002/9781118512074.ch90 · Cited by 4
Symptoms in Advanced Hematologic Malignancies and Other Serious Hematologic Conditions
Davis, M. P., Fernandez, C., Vithalani, N., Nicholls, L. E., & Digwood, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38058-7_14 · Cited by 2
The challenge of palliating pancreatic cancer.
Davis, M. P., & Gamier, P. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Eudy‐Byrne, R. J., Riggs, M. M., Hawi, A. A., Sciascia, T. R., & Rohatagi, S. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.15663 · Cited by 2
Studying pruritus in the 21st century
Bergasa, N. V. (2003) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s1542-3565(03)00140-x · Cited by 2
Dermatologic Conditions and Symptom Control
Bower, K. A., Mulder, G., Reineke, A., & Guide, S. V. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0262-0.00035-9 · Cited by 2
Monitoring and Care of the Patient Before Liver Transplantation
Sharma, P., Vargas, H. E., & Rakela, J. L. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-0118-2.50037-9 · Cited by 2
Ackermann, C., Born, P., Claßen, M., Feußner, H., Harder, F. H., Kern, B. E., Krähenbühl, S., Lammert, F., Looser, C., Oertli, D., et al. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14223-9_36 · Cited by 2
Bergasa, N. V. (2022) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110925 · Cited by 1
Rahimi‐vala, M., Alani, B., Arjmand, A., Mazoochi, T., & Ardjmand, A. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71105 · Cited by 1
Silvagni, E., Colì, L., Stagni, B., Stefoni, S., & Bolondi, L. (2008) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-008-0094-6 · Cited by 1
Ackermann, C. J., Born, P., Claßen, M., Feußner, H., Harder, F. H., Herzog, U., Krähenbühl, S., Looser, C., Oertli, D., Peterli, R., et al. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09418-1_35 · Cited by 1
Palliative Care for Patients with Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disease
Periyakoil, V. S. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6189-2.00126-8 · Cited by 1
Assessing and managing symptom burden and quality of life in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients
McCain, J. D., Chascsa, D. M. H., & Lindor, K. D. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1080/21678707.2021.1898370 · Cited by 1
Brennan, F. P., Dutton, M., & Magann, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77740-5_18 · Cited by 1
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Chapman, R. W., & Williamson, K. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_52 · Cited by 1
Opioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists
Ghodse, A. H., & Edwards, R. E. (1999) · Side effects of drugs annual · doi:10.1016/s0378-6080(99)80013-0 · Cited by 1
Trivella, J. P., & Levy, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26710-9.00018-3 · Cited by 1
Motility and other Disorders of the Biliary Tract
Adrian, T. E. (2007) · xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference · doi:10.1016/b978-008055232-3.60739-1 · Cited by 1
Treatments in Chronic Cholestasis in Children
Álvarez, F. (2008) · Annales Nestlé (English ed ) · doi:10.1159/000147410 · Cited by 1
Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Its Science and Practice
Wang, L., Bowlus, C. L., Wang, F., & Gershwin, M. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50168-0_8 · Cited by 1
Acupuncture and Itch: Basic Research Aspects
Chen, Y., & Lin, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0971-7_5 · Cited by 1
Liver Diseases in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Cullen, S., & Chapman, R. W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444318418.ch36 · Cited by 1
Parés, A. R., & Caballería, L. (2000) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/s0304-5412(00)70089-8 · Cited by 1
Diálisis con albúmina mediante MARS. Principios y técnicas. Experiencia inicial en México
Garza, L. C. (2005) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1157/13070707 · Cited by 1
Drug therapy of primary biliary diseases: classical and modern strategies
Schlichting, J., & Leuschner, U. (2001) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00144.x · Cited by 1
Selection, Listing Criteria, and Preoperative Management
Saab, S., Han, S. B., & Martin, P. B. (2000) · Cited by 1
Strassburg, C. P., Lüttig, B., & Manns, M. P. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57194-7_49 · Cited by 1
Heathcote, E. J., & Milkiewicz, P. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470691861.ch11a · Cited by 1
Pirschel, W., & Kremer, A. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33142-3_34 · Cited by 1
Bergasa, N. V. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118412640.ch26 · Cited by 1
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Nguyen, D. L., LaRusso, N. F., & Lazaridis, K. N. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781119950509.ch20 · Cited by 1
Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Halliday, J., & Chapman, R. W. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0998-4_47
Pruritus in Patients with Hepatobiliary Diseases
Kremer, A. E., Elferink, R. P. J. O., & Beuers, U. H. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-322-8_28
Clinical Effect of Opioid Antagonists on Clinical Pruritus
Bergasa, N. V. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-197-0_29
Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Pruritus
Bergasa, N. V., & Deewan, D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-322-8_45
The pruritus of cholestasis: behavioral studies shed light on its pathogenesis
Bergasa, N. V., & Jones, E. A. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4884-9_13
The Pruritus of Cholestasis: ten years into the 21th Century
Bergasa, N. V. (2011) · Medicina Universitaria
Opioid Receptor Antagonists or Agonists
Misery, L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-322-8_46
Behandlung der chronischen Cholestase im Kindesalter
Álvarez, F. (2008) · Annales Nestlé (Deutsche Aufl ) · doi:10.1159/000240394
Evidencias sobre la existencia de una vía neuronal independiente para la transmisión del prurito
Torres, R. M., & Fonseca, E. (2009) · Piel · doi:10.1016/j.piel.2009.09.001
Tratamientos de la colestasis crónica en niños
Álvarez, F. (2008) · Annales Nestlé (Ed española) · doi:10.1159/000193190
A study of bile acids as opioid receptor ligands in rat brain membranes
Bergasa, N. V., Dersch, C. M., & Rothman, R. B. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.103
Traitements de la cholestase chronique chez l’enfant
Álvarez, F. (2008) · Annales Nestlé (Ed française) · doi:10.1159/000207605
Treatment of the pruritus of cholestasis: From unbearable lightness to substance
Bergasa, N. V., Jaeschke, H., Mullen, K. D., & Moradpour, D. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20171
Pathophysiologie der Gallensekretion und Motilität der Gallenwege
Krähenbühl, S. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29042-1_69
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolfhagen, F., Sternieri, E., Hop, W., Vitale, G., Bertolotti, M., & Van Buuren, H.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1264-1269
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008756039
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- naltrexone, cholestatic pruritus, chronic cholestasis, antipruritic therapy, opioid antagonists, opioid withdrawal, sleep quality, fatigue, drug tolerability
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Cholestasis, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Male, Middle Aged, Naltrexone, Narcotic Antagonists, Placebos, Pruritus, Cholangitis, Sclerosing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
