Cited by 242Gastric Cancer Management and OutcomesCancer Cells and MetastasisCancer Genomics and Diagnostics

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Mechanisms of Field Cancerization in the Human Stomach: The Expansion and Spread of Mutated Gastric Stem Cells

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McDonald, Stuart A.C., Greaves, Laura C., Gutierrez–Gonzalez, Lydia, Rodriguez–Justo, Manuel, Deheragoda, Maesha, Leedham, Simon J., Taylor, Robert W., Lee, Chung Yin, Preston, Sean L., Lovell, Matthew, Hunt, Toby, Elia, George, Oukrif, Dahmane, Harrison, Rebecca, Novelli, Marco R., Mitchell, Ian, Stoker, David L., Turnbull, Douglass M., Jankowski, Janusz A.Z., Wright, Nicholas A.·2008·Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.035

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Abstract

Background & aims How mutations are established and spread through the human stomach is unclear because the clonal structure of gastric mucosal units is unknown. Here we investigate, using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations as a marker of clonal expansion, the clonality of the gastric unit and show how mutations expand in normal mucosa and gastric mucosa showing intestinal metaplasia. This has important implications in gastric carcinogenesis.Methods Mutated units were identified by a histochemical method to detect activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Negative units were laser-capture microdissected, and mutations were identified by polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Differentiated epithelial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry for lineage markers.Results We show that mtDNA mutations establish themselves in stem cells within normal human gastric body units, and are passed on to all their differentiated progeny, thereby providing evidence for clonal conversion to a new stem cell-derived unit-monoclonal conversion, encompassing all gastric epithelial lineages. The presence of partially mutated units indicates that more than one stem cell is present in each unit. Mutated units can divide by fission to form patches, with each unit sharing an indentical, mutant mtDNA genotype. Furthermore, we show that intestinal metaplastic crypts are clonal, possess multiple stem cells, and that fission is a mechanism by which intestinal metaplasia spreads.Conclusions These data show that human gastric body units are clonal, contain multiple multipotential stem cells, and provide definitive evidence for how mutations spread within the human stomach, and show how field cancerization develops.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Characterization of cancer stem-like cells in the side population cells of human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45
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Self-citation

Authors: McDonald, S. A. C., Greaves, L. C., Gutierrez–Gonzalez, L., Rodriguez–Justo, M., Deheragoda, M., Leedham, S. J., Taylor, R. W., Lee, C. Y., Preston, S. L., Lovell, M., Hunt, T., Elia, G., Oukrif, D., Harrison, R., Novelli, M. R., Mitchell, I., Stoker, D. L., Turnbull, D. M., Jankowski, J. A. Z., & Wright, N. A.
Affiliations: Cancer Research UK (GB)
Newcastle University (GB)
University College London (GB)
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust (GB)
University College Hospital (GB)
University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: McDonald, Stuart A.C.
ORCID: McDonald, Stuart A.C.
Greaves, Laura C.
Deheragoda, Maesha
Leedham, Simon J.
Taylor, Robert W.
Oukrif, Dahmane
Harrison, Rebecca
Novelli, Marco R.
Turnbull, Douglass M.
Jankowski, Janusz A.Z.
Venue: Gastroenterology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-02
Volume: 134
Issue: 2
Pages: 500-510
ISSN: 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.035
OpenAlex: W2096969440
Cited by: 242
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 13.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (submittedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Cancer Research UK
Medical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Keywords: field cancerization, gastric stem cells, clonal expansion, mitochondrial DNA mutations, cytochrome c oxidase, intestinal metaplasia, gastric carcinogenesis, gastric mucosa, multipotent stem cells
MeSH terms: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Electron Transport Complex IV, DNA, Mitochondrial, Epithelium, Gastric Mucosa, Genotype, Humans, Metaplasia, Mutation, Precancerous Conditions, Stomach, Stomach Neoplasms, Multipotent Stem Cells

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Mechanisms of Field Cancerization in the Human Stomach: The Expansion and Spread of Mutated Gastric Stem Cells

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