Cited by 271Gastrointestinal motility and disordersGut microbiota and healthInflammatory Bowel Disease

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Rifaximin Alters Intestinal Bacteria and Prevents Stress-Induced Gut Inflammation and Visceral Hyperalgesia in Rats

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Xu, Dabo, Gao, Jun, Gillilland, Merritt, Wu, Xiaoyin, Song, Il, Kao, John Y., Owyang, Chung·2014·Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.026PMC PMC3939606

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Abstract

Background & aims Rifaximin is used to treat patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, but little is known about its therapeutic mechanism. We propose that rifaximin modulates the ileal bacterial community, reduces subclinical inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and improves gut barrier function to reduce visceral hypersensitivity.Methods We induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats, via chronic water avoidance or repeat restraint stressors, and investigated whether rifaximin altered the gut microbiota, prevented intestinal inflammation, and improved gut barrier function. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 454 pyrosequencing were used to analyze bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in ileal contents from the rats. Reverse transcription, immunoblot, and histologic analyses were used to evaluate levels of cytokines, the tight junction protein occludin, and mucosal inflammation, respectively. Intestinal permeability and rectal sensitivity were measured.Results Water avoidance and repeat restraint stress each led to visceral hyperalgesia, accompanied by mucosal inflammation and impaired mucosal barrier function. Oral rifaximin altered the composition of bacterial communities in the ileum (Lactobacillus species became the most abundant) and prevented mucosal inflammation, impairment to intestinal barrier function, and visceral hyperalgesia in response to chronic stress. Neomycin also changed the composition of the ileal bacterial community (Proteobacteria became the most abundant species). Neomycin did not prevent intestinal inflammation or induction of visceral hyperalgesia induced by water avoidance stress.Conclusions Rifaximin alters the bacterial population in the ileum of rats, leading to a relative abundance of Lactobacillus. These changes prevent intestinal abnormalities and visceral hyperalgesia in response to chronic psychological stress.

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Additional file 1 of Modulation of the microbiota across different intestinal segments by Rifaximin in PI-IBS mice
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Additional file 3 of Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat
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Additional file 1 of Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat
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Additional file 5 of Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat
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Additional file 2 of Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat
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Additional file 2 of Modulation of duodenal and jejunal microbiota by rifaximin in mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis
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Additional file 4 of Rifaximin-mediated gut microbiota regulation modulates the function of microglia and protects against CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in adolescent rat
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Authors: Xu, D., Gao, J., Gillilland, M., Wu, X., Song, I., Kao, J. Y., & Owyang, C.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Owyang, Chung
ORCID: Gao, Jun
Gillilland, Merritt
Wu, Xiaoyin
Kao, John Y.
Owyang, Chung
Venue: Gastroenterology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-02
Volume: 146
Issue: 2
Pages: 484-496.e4
ISSN: 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.026
PMC: PMC3939606
OpenAlex: W2125894152
Cited by: 271
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15
FWCI: 18.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (P30DK34933, R01DK058913)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Keywords: rifaximin, gut microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal barrier function, Lactobacillus, neomycin, chronic psychological stress, water avoidance stress, occludin, intestinal permeability, rectal sensitivity, functional gastrointestinal disorders
MeSH terms: Rifaximin, Administration, Oral, Animals, DNA, Bacterial, Drug Administration Schedule, Gastrointestinal Agents, Hyperalgesia, Ileitis, Ileum, Immunohistochemistry, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Neomycin, Restraint, Physical, Rifamycins, Stress, Psychological, Blotting, Western, Biomarkers, Cytokines, Rats, Wistar, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rats, Occludin, Microbiota

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Rifaximin Alters Intestinal Bacteria and Prevents Stress-Induced Gut Inflammation and Visceral Hyperalgesia in Rats

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