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Cited by 162Gastrointestinal motility and disordersGut microbiota and healthInflammatory Bowel Disease

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis alters host-bacterial interactions and leads to colonic sensory and motor changes in mice

Open access
Aguilera, M, Cerdà-Cuéllar, M, Martínez, V·2015·Gut Microbes
DOI 10.4161/19490976.2014.990790PMC PMC4615720
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Abstract

Alterations in the composition of the commensal microbiota (dysbiosis) seem to be a pathogenic component of functional gastrointestinal disorders, mainly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and might participate in the secretomotor and sensory alterations observed in these patients.We determined if a state antibiotics-induced intestinal dysbiosis is able to modify colonic pain-related and motor responses and characterized the neuro-immune mechanisms implicated in mice. A 2-week antibiotics treatment induced a colonic dysbiosis (increments in Bacteroides spp, Clostridium coccoides and Lactobacillus spp and reduction in Bifidobacterium spp). Bacterial adherence was not affected. Dysbiosis was associated with increased levels of secretory-IgA, up-regulation of the antimicrobial lectin RegIIIγ, and toll-like receptors (TLR) 4 and 7 and down-regulation of the antimicrobial-peptide Resistin-Like Molecule-β and TLR5. Dysbiotic mice showed less goblet cells, without changes in the thickness of the mucus layer. Neither macroscopical nor microscopical signs of inflammation were observed. In dysbiotic mice, expression of the cannabinoid receptor 2 was up-regulated, while the cannabinoid 1 and the mu-opioid receptors were down-regulated. In antibiotic-treated mice, visceral pain-related responses elicited by intraperitoneal acetic acid or intracolonic capsaicin were significantly attenuated. Colonic contractility was enhanced during dysbiosis. Intestinal dysbiosis induce changes in the innate intestinal immune system and modulate the expression of pain-related sensory systems, an effect associated with a reduction in visceral pain-related responses. Commensal microbiota modulates gut neuro-immune sensory systems, leading to functional changes, at least as it relates to viscerosensitivity. Similar mechanisms might explain the beneficial effects of antibiotics or certain probiotics in the treatment of IBS.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

A 2-week broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen in mice produced colonic dysbiosis, innate immune activation without overt inflammation, altered sensory receptor expression, reduced visceral pain-related responses, and increased colonic contractility. These findings suggest commensal microbiota modulates gut neuro-immune sensory and motor systems, with possible relevance to IBS.

Key findings

  • Antibiotics induced colonic dysbiosis: total bacterial counts increased to 5.33 ± 0.54 × 10^13 vs 2.79 ± 0.38 × 10^13 cells/g feces (P = 0.004); Bacteroides spp. and C. coccoides increased 2- and 4-fold, Lactobacillus group increased 3-fold (P = 0.07), and Bifidobacterium spp. decreased 10-fold (P = 0.006). Cecum weight increased (507.7 ± 18.43 mg vs 409.0 ± 20.24 mg, P < 0.0009).
  • Dysbiosis altered innate immune/host-bacterial markers without overt inflammation: s-IgA increased 10-fold (P < 0.05), RELMb was downregulated (P < 0.05), TLR7 was upregulated (P = 0.008), TLR5 was downregulated (P = 0.02), and goblet cell density decreased (158.8 ± 8.7 vs 187.2 ± 7.4 cells/mm, P < 0.05); no macroscopical or microscopical signs of inflammation were observed.
  • Sensory and pain-related responses changed: CB1, MOR, and NGF were downregulated, while CB2 tended to increase. Visceral pain-related responses were attenuated: IP acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions were reduced by 33% (40.9 ± 7.6 vs 61.4 ± 4.0 per 30 min, P < 0.001), and intracolonic capsaicin-induced behaviors were reduced by 48% (12.9 ± 4.2 vs 25.1 ± 2.3 per 30 min, P < 0.05).
  • Colonic contractility increased: spontaneous contractility AUC/10 min was 2.73 ± 0.46 g vs 1.60 ± 0.14 g (P < 0.05), and carbachol EC50 was 2.4-fold lower in antibiotic-treated mice (5.19 ± 1.59 × 10^-7 M vs 1.24 ± 0.30 × 10^-6 M, P = 0.056). Total bacterial counts correlated negatively with CB1 (r² = 0.39, P = 0.01) and TLR5 (r² = 0.36, P = 0.02), and positively with CB2 (r² = 0.31, P = 0.03) and TLR7 (r² = 0.32, P = 0.02).

Methods

  • Female CD1 mice, 10–12 weeks old, were maintained in conventional conditions. Mice received a 2-week antibiotic mixture of bacitracin A, neomycin, and amphotericin B by daily oral gavage (0.3 mL) plus drinking water, or vehicle (deionized water); n = 28 per group, with subgroups used for visceral pain tests and in vitro colonic contractility.
  • On day 15, 24 h after last treatment, animals were euthanized; colonic tissue and ceco-colonic fecal contents were collected. Analyses included qPCR for bacterial quantification, FISH for bacterial adherence, ELISA for secretory IgA, RT-qPCR for immune and sensory markers, histology, immunohistochemistry, organ bath contractility, and behavioral pain tests (IP acetic acid and intracolonic capsaicin).
  • Statistical analysis used parametric unpaired t-tests or non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests as appropriate, Chi-square for bacterial adherence, and P < 0.05 for significance.

Limitations

  • The paper states that immunohistochemical quantification was semiquantitative and should be further confirmed, that correlations should be interpreted with caution, and that further studies are needed to confirm relevance to IBS.
  • The paper reports high variability that limited statistical significance for some measures, including the Lactobacillus increase (P = 0.07), RegIIIγ, TLR4, CB2, carbachol EC50, and L-NNA effects, which were trends or non-significant.
  • Evident from the text: findings are from female CD1 mice using a single 2-week antibiotic regimen; no causal or translational experiments (e.g., probiotics, germ-free models, or human IBS samples) are reported, so mechanism and clinical relevance remain speculative.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4161/19490976.2014.990790

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 17 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    In antibiotic-treated animals, CB1, MOR and NGF were selectively down-regulated.

    “In antibiotic-treated animals, only a selective down-regulation of CB1, MOR and NGF was detected (Fig. 5A).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    A 2-week antibiotic treatment induced a colonic dysbiosis in mice.

    “A 2-week antibiotics treatment induced a colonic dysbiosis (increments in Bacteroides spp, Clostridium coccoides and Lactobacillus spp and reduction in Bifidobacterium spp).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Levels of secretory IgA were increased by 10-fold in antibiotic-treated animals.

    “Levels of s-IgA were increased by 10-fold in antibiotic-treated animals (P < 0.05, Fig. 4A).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In antibiotic-treated mice, RELMb was downregulated.

    “In antibiotic-treated mice, RELMb was downregulated (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle group) while RegIIIg tended to be upregulated, although without reaching statistical significance (Fig. 4A).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    During antibiotic treatment, the ratio of C. coccoides (cluster XIVa) increased from about 15% in control conditions to approximately 35% of total counts.

    “During antibiotic treatment the main change was an increase in the ratio of C. coccoides (cluster XIVa), from about 15% in control conditions to approximately 35% of the total counts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 19
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 21

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The Lactobacilli group was increased by 3-fold after the antibiotic treatment, although statistical significance was not reached.

    “Similarly, the Lactobacilli group was increased by 3-fold after the antibiotic treatment, although statistical significance was not reached, probably because of the relative large variability observed in control conditions (P D 0.07; Fig. 2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In antibiotic-treated animals, TLR7 was significantly upregulated, TLR4 tended to be upregulated, and TLR5 was slightly downregulated.

    “In antibiotic-treated animals specific changes in expression were detected; with a significant upregulation of TLR7 (P D 0.008) and a tendency for TLR4 (P D 0.08); while TLR5 showed a slight (less than 1-fold) downregulation (P D 0.02) (Fig. 4C).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The antibiotic treatment increased Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium coccoides counts by 2- and 4-fold, respectively.

    “The treatment with antibiotics increased Bacteroides spp.and Clostridium coccoides counts by 2-and 4-fold, respectively (both P < 0.05; Fig. 2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The number of CB1- or MOR-positive ganglionic cells within the myenteric plexus was reduced by 25% and 30%, respectively, in antibiotic-treated mice.

    “The number of CB1-or MOR-positive ganglionic cells within the myenteric plexus was reduced by 25% and 30%, respectively, in antibiotics-treated mice.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    TLR7 expression correlated positively with CB2, TRPV1 and TRPV3 and negatively with MOR.

    “Moreover, regardless the treatment applied, positive correlations between TLR7 and the nociceptive markers CB2 (P D 0.0001; r 2 D 0.79), TRPV1 (P D 0.005; r 2 D 0.45) and TRPV3 (P D 0.0008; r 2 D 0.59) were found, while negatively correlating with MOR expression (P D 0.01; r 2 D 0.39) (Fig. 6B).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    IL-12p40 and IL-10 expression correlated positively with TLR7 expression.

    “In addition, expression levels of IL-12p40 (P D 0.0008; r 2 D 0.59) and IL-10 (P D 0.003; r 2 D 0.49) correlated positively with TLR7 expression.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Neither macroscopical nor microscopical signs of inflammation were observed in antibiotic-treated mice.

    “Neither macroscopical nor microscopical signs of inflammation were observed.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Total bacterial counts correlated negatively with colonic expression of CB1 and TLR-5 and positively with CB2 and TLR-7.

    “Total bacterial counts correlated negatively with the colonic expression of CB1 (P D 0.01; r 2 D 0.39) and TLR-5 (P D 0.02; r 2 D 0.36) and positively with CB2 (P D 0.03; r 2 D 0.31) and TLR-7 (P D 0.02; r 2 D 0.32) (Fig. 6A).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    In antibiotic-treated mice, a shift in bacterial morphology to abundant coccoidal forms attached to the colonic epithelium was observed.

    “while in antibiotic-treated animals (B) a shift in morphology, with the appearance of abundant coccoidal forms, can be observed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    In vehicle-treated mice, Verrucobacteria adherence to the colonic wall was observed in 0/8 (0%) of animals.

    “Vehicle | 1/8 (12.5%) | 3/8 (37.5%) | 0/8 (0%) | 8/8 (100%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 0/8 (0%) | 2/8 (25%)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Bacillary-shaped bacteria were observed attached to the colonic epithelium in vehicle-treated mice and non-treated naïve mice.

    “bacillary-shaped bacteria were observed in vehicle-treated animals (A) (similarly to that observed in the non-treated na€ ıve animal, (C)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    In vehicle-treated mice, segmented filamentous bacteria adherence to the colonic wall was observed in 2/8 (25%) of animals.

    “Vehicle | 1/8 (12.5%) | 3/8 (37.5%) | 0/8 (0%) | 8/8 (100%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 0/8 (0%) | 2/8 (25%)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    NGF has been implicated in the sensitization of visceral afferents, leading to the development of hypersensitivity.

    “Additionally, NGF has been implicated in the sensitization of visceral afferents, leading to the development of hypersensitivity.46”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [46] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All FISH procedures were performed on coded slides to avoid bias.

    “All procedures were performed on coded slides, to avoid bias.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    During states of dysbiosis there is a local neuro-immune adaptive response, likely associated to changes in host-bacterial interactions, which leads to functional alterations manifested as changes in viscerosensitivity and motor activity within the colon.

    “In summary, the results presented here indicate that during states of dysbiosis there is a local neuro-immune adaptive response, likely associated to changes in host-bacterial interactions, which leads to functional alterations manifested as changes in viscerosensitivity and motor activity within the colon.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Cannabinoid receptors and MOR are directly involved in visceral pain, eliciting analgesic responses.

    “Cannabinoid receptors and MOR are directly involved in visceral pain, eliciting analgesic responses.42,44”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [42] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [44] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    All samples, as well as the negative controls, were assayed in triplicate for RT-qPCR.

    “All samples, as well as the negative controls, were assayed in triplicate.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Histopathological scoring was performed on coded slides by two independent researchers.

    “Scoring was performed on coded slides by 2 independent researchers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Recent evidences have linked activation of TLRs, particularly TLR-4, with changes in nociception.

    “Recent evidences have linked activation of TLRs, particularly TLR-4, with changes in nociception.47,48”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [47] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [48] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In IBS patients, intestinal dysbiosis with altered host-microbial interactions seems to be important generating a local immune response that might lead to the sensorial and secretomotor alterations characteristic of the disease.

    “For instance, in IBS patients, intestinal dysbiosis with altered hostmicrobial interactions seems to be important generating a local immune response that might lead to the sensorial and secretomotor alterations characteristic of the disease.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18][19][20][21]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Direct TLR4-dependent host-bacterial interactions enhance motility through a neutrally-mediated effect.

    “Similarly, it has been suggested that direct TLR4-dependent host-bacterial interactions enhance motility through a neutrallymediated effect.53”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [53] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The down-regulation of MOR and CB1 contrasts with the analgesic-like state observed, an effect likely compensated by the moderate up-regulation of CB2.

    “Therefore, the down-regulation of MOR and CB1 contrasts with the analgesic-like state observed, an effect likely compensated by the moderate up-regulation of CB2, which has been implicated in pain modulation in states of inflammation and immune activation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    All procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and the Generalitat de Catalunya.

    “All procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of the Universitat Aut onoma de Barcelona (protocols 1099 and 1396) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (protocols 5646 and 7193).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Relative abundance of bacteria was measured using 16S rRNA gene-targeting hydrolysis probes as previously described.

    “The relative abundance of bacteria was measured using 16S rRNA gene-targeting hydrolysis probes (Custom TaqMan assays; Applied Biosystems) as previously described.[58][59][60]”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [58][59][60]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Intestinal dysbiosis induces changes in the innate intestinal immune system and modulates the expression of pain-related sensory systems, an effect associated with a reduction in visceral pain-related responses.

    “Intestinal dysbiosis induce changes in the innate intestinal immune system and modulate the expression of pain-related sensory systems, an effect associated with a reduction in visceral painrelated responses.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    TLRs act as transducers of microbial-generated signals generating local changes in neuroimmune systems and leading to a modulation of viscerosensitivity.

    “Although these correlations have to be interpreted with caution, this further supports the possibility that TLRs act as transducers of microbial-generated signals generating local changes in neuroimmune systems and leading to a modulation of viscerosensitivity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Modulation of cannabinoid and opioid pathways might be important in host-bacterial interactions and might mediate neural-related functional changes associated with alterations of the GCM.

    “In any case, these observations indicate that modulation of cannabinoid and opioid pathways might be important in host-bacterial interactions and might mediate neural-related functional changes associated to alterations of the GCM.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Alterations in the normal composition of GCM, known as intestinal dysbiosis, have been linked to several diseases of the GI tract, including inflammatory conditions and IBS.

    “Alterations in the normal composition of GCM, known as intestinal dysbiosis, have been linked to several diseases of the GI tract, including inflammatory conditions and IBS.2,[13][14][15][16][17][18]”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites 2,[13][14][15][16][17][18]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The observed changes indicate an activation of the innate immune system, which might be related to the dysbiotic state.

    “Overall, these changes indicate an activation of the innate immune system, which might be related to the dysbiotic state.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All samples and negative controls were assayed in triplicates.

    “All samples and the negative controls were assayed in triplicates.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Each animal was used only for one procedure.

    “Each animal was used only for one procedure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    A coincidence between the two observers in bacterial location in at least 15% of the pictures observed (at least 3 out of 20) was required to decide that there was bacterial attachment to the epithelium.

    “A coincidence between the 2 observers in bacterial location in at least 15% of the pictures observed (at least 3 out of 20) was required to decide that there was bacterial attachment to the epithelium.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Visceral pain-related responses elicited by intraperitoneal or direct intracolonic chemical stimulation were attenuated by 40% in antibiotic-treated mice, suggesting that treatment with antibiotics can generate an analgesic-like state within the gut.

    “Indeed, visceral pain-related responses elicited by intraperitoneal or direct intracolonic chemical stimulation were attenuated by 40% in antibiotic-treated mice, thus suggesting that treatment with antibiotics can generate an analgesic-like state within the gut.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Measurements of mucous layer thickness were performed on coded slides by two independent investigators.

    “All measurements were performed on coded slides by 2 independent investigators using the Zeiss AxioVision Release 4.8.1 software.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The pain response to intraperitoneal acetic acid was scored by counting abdominal contractions by two independent researchers.

    “The pain response was scored by counting the number of abdominal contractions during the 30 min period after the IP treatment (in blocks of 5 min) by 2 independent researchers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Pain behaviors were visually assessed by two independent researchers.

    “Pain behaviors were visually assessed by 2 independent researchers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All immunohistochemistry procedures were performed on coded slides to avoid bias.

    “All procedures were performed on coded slides to avoid any bias.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Specificity of immunohistochemical staining was confirmed by omission of the primary antibody.

    “Specificity of staining was confirmed by omission of the primary antibody.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
38 of 38

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The effects of the antibiotic treatment on colonic sensory and motor responses are mediated by the induced dysbiosis rather than by direct effects of antibiotics on the host.

    “Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis alters host-bacterial interactions and leads to colonic sensory and motor changes in mice”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in mice is a valid model for the dysbiosis and neuro-immune changes in IBS patients.

    “Similar mechanisms might explain the beneficial effects of antibiotics or certain probiotics in the treatment of IBS.”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Mixed-mucin goblet cells described as increased despite lower count

    Major

    The text calls this a relative increase in antibiotic-treated mice, but reports 21.1 cells per unit length in that group versus 28.5 in the vehicle group-a decrease.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Koboziev I, 2013, Free Radic Biol Med, 68, 122, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.008 · DOI

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Related

Authors
Aguilera, M., Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., & Martínez, V
Affiliations
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
ORCID
Aguilera, M
Venue
Gut Microbes
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2015-01-02
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
10-23
ISSN
  • 1949-0976 (ISSN-L)
  • 1949-0984
DOI
10.4161/19490976.2014.990790
PMC
PMC4615720
OpenAlex
W1968505351
Semantic Scholar
3b2d71a386ebd6c4571e8ad8619fefde66627728
Cited by
162
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 6
FWCI
10.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Gut Microbes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Generalitat de Catalunya (2009SGR708, BFU2009-08229)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Keywords
antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, gut microbiota, irritable bowel syndrome, visceral pain, colonic motility, secretory IgA, RegIIIγ, Toll-like receptors, resistin-like molecule beta, CB2 receptor, mu-opioid receptor, goblet cells, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium coccoides, Bacteroides
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Colon, Female, Mice, Dysbiosis

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