The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Are Surrogate End Points of Outcomes of Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: An International Follow-up Study
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims Noninvasive surrogate end points of long-term outcomes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are needed to monitor disease progression and evaluate potential treatments. We performed a meta-analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies to evaluate whether patients' levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin correlate with their outcomes and can be used as surrogate end points.Methods We performed a meta-analysis of data from 4845 patients included in 15 North American and European long-term follow-up cohort studies. Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were analyzed in different settings and subpopulations at different time points relative to the clinical end point (liver transplantation or death).Results Of the 4845 patients, 1118 reached a clinical end point. The median follow-up period was 7.3 years; 77% survived for 10 years after study enrollment. Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin measured at study enrollment (baseline) and each year for 5 years were strongly associated with clinical outcomes (lower levels were associated with longer transplant-free survival). At 1 year after study enrollment, levels of alkaline phosphatase that were 2.0 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) best predicted patient outcome (C statistic, 0.71) but not significantly better than other thresholds. Of patients with alkaline phosphatase levels ≤ 2.0 times the ULN, 84% survived for 10 years compared with 62% of those with levels >2.0 times the ULN (P < .0001). Absolute levels of alkaline phosphatase 1 year after study enrollment predicted patient outcomes better than percentage change in level. One year after study enrollment, a bilirubin level 1.0 times the ULN best predicted patient transplant-free survival (C statistic, 0.79). Of patients with bilirubin levels ≤ 1.0 times the ULN, 86% survived for 10 years after study enrollment compared with 41% of those with levels >1.0 times the ULN (P < .0001). Combining levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin increased the ability to predict patient survival times. We confirmed the predictive value of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels in multiple subgroups, such as patients who had not received treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, and at different time points after study enrollment.Conclusions Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin can predict outcomes (liver transplantation or death) of patients with PBC and might be used as surrogate end points in therapy trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the current trial, bezafibrate was associated with a rapid and sustained decrease in alkaline phosphatase level and a parallel decrease in total bilirubin, the two most important prognostic indicators in primary biliary cholangitis.25”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Serum bilirubin has been recognised since the 1970s as a major predictor of poor outcome in PBC [72,7].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patients were selected on the basis of Paris 2 criteria, 15 which have been recognized as relevant predictors of clinical outcomes in several independent populations of patients with primary biliary cholangitis.24,25”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In a large, international cohort analysis involving patients with primary biliary cholangitis, elevations in the alkaline phosphatase level were independently associated with a risk of liver transplantation or death that was 2.0 to 2.5 times as high as the risk associated with normal levels. 10”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“An abnormally elevated bilirubin level, which occurs later in disease progression, was a stronger predictor of outcomes, with a risk of liver transplantation or death that was 5.1 to 10.7 times the risk associated with normal levels; however, even increased values within the normal range were associated with a risk of disease progression. 10”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The disease is chronic and often progressive, resulting in end-stage liver disease and its associated complications [6][7][8].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Response to UDCA is variable, and incomplete response is associated with increased risk of death from PBC or need for liver transplantation.11–18”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Serum bilirubin has been recognised since the 1970s as a major predictor of poor outcome in PBC [72,7].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The disease is chronic and often progressive, resulting in end-stage liver disease and its associated complications [6][7][8].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In a large, international meta-analysis including 4,845 patients, UDCAtreated individuals had significantly improved transplant-free survival at 5, 10, and 15 years compared with nontreated individuals (90%, 78%, and 66% versus 79%, 59%, and 32%, respectively).(77)”
From Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, serum ALP and total bilirubin predict outcomes in this context.(77)”
From Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels correlate with disease progression, and lower levels are predictive of survival without the need for liver transplantation. 9,10”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The majority of patients diagnosed today are asymptomatic at diagnosis and one contemporary series showed that nearly 90% do not have fibrosis when first identified (although others have shown higher rates potentially reflecting case mix).11 12 26 27”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“two of the main prognostic factors that predict long-term survival in PBC.20”
From Combination of fibrates with obeticholic acid is able to normalise biochemical liver tests in patients with difficult‐to‐treat primary biliary cholangitis (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of ALP correlate with disease progression, and are associated with higher risk of liver transplantation or death.4”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Reduction in ALP levels has been validated as a surrogate marker of slower disease progression as well as improved transplant‐free overall survival.4”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Recent data have revealed the importance of ALP as a surrogate of clinical outcomes in patients with PBC.4”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Elevated levels of ALP are prognostic of worse clinical outcomes in PBC, with lower levels of ALP associated with longer transplant‐free survival and improved overall survival.”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices
Pugh, R. N. H., Murray-Lyon, I. M., Dawson, J. L., Pietroni, M. C., & Williams, R. (1973) · Journal of British Surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800600817 · Cited by 7,941
A Model to Predict Survival in Patients With End–Stage Liver Disease
Kamath, P. S., Wiesner, R. H., Malinchoc, M., Kremers, W. K., Therneau, T. M., Kosberg, C. L., D’Amico, G., Dickson, R. E., & Kim, W. R. (2001) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.22172 · Cited by 5,066
Kaplan, M. M. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702263160907 · Cited by 2,016
Rockey, D. C., Caldwell, S. H., Goodman, Z. D., Nelson, R. C., & Smith, A. D. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22742 · Cited by 2,004
Surgery and portal hypertension.
Child, C. G., & Turcotte, J. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 1,933
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009 · Cited by 1,729
Schwab, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4730 · Cited by 1,241
Kaplan, M. M., & Gershwin, M. E. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra043898 · Cited by 1,144
Lindor, K. D., Gershwin, E. M., Poupon, R., Kaplan, M., Bergasa, N. V., & Heathcote, J. E. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22906 · Cited by 1,099
Self-citationPrognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: Model for decision making
Dickson, R. E., Grambsch, P. M., Fleming, T. R., Fisher, L. D., & Langworthy, A. (1989) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840100102 · Cited by 816
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–497 of 497
Ritter, T. E., Hanson, C., Fernandes, C. T., MacEwan, J. P., Zhao, X., Parzynski, C. S., Mercer, D., Ness, E., Wheeler, D., Kowdley, K. V., et al. (2025) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.57264/cer-2024-0198 · Cited by 1
Self-citationOptimizing Care in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Current Treatments and the Second-Line Decision
Choi, G., Jesudian, A. B., & Saab, S. (2025) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-025-09537-3 · Cited by 1
Romeo, M., Nardo, F. D., Basile, C., Napolitano, C., Vaia, P., Martinelli, G., Gregorio, A. D., Puorto, L. D., Indipendente, M., Dallio, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm15120597 · Cited by 2
Gish, R. G., MacEwan, J. P., Liu, Y., Lebovitch, D. S., Nair, R., Bessonova, L., Li, J., & Younossi, Z. M. (2026) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.57264/cer-2025-0110 · Cited by 1
Ruiu, A., Calabrese, M. P., Meschisi, P., Plebani, R., Maria, B., Lleò, A., & Ronca, V. (2026) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2026.106883 · Cited by 1
Jones, D. E., Combe, E., Knight, H., Laskier-Owens, V., Ren, S., Wright, T., Boing, E., & Pashley, A. (2026) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.57264/cer-2025-0206 · Cited by 1
Jian, Z., Xiu, T., & Shen, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1797227 · Cited by 1
Bowlus, C. L., Nevens, F., Kowdley, K. V., Bonder, A., Capozza, T. A., Li, J., Nair, R., Trauner, M. A., & Jones, D. E. (2026) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70832 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTargeting the Farnesoid X Receptor in Patients With Cholestatic Liver Disease.
Levy, C. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1
Primär biliäre Cholangitis in Graz: Präsentation, Verlauf und Outcome
Zollner, G., Prattes, J., & Nemeth, A. (2018) · Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen · doi:10.1007/s41971-018-0028-8 · Cited by 1
Brunet, E., Hernández, L., Miquel, M., Sánchez‐Delgado, J., Dalmau, B., Valero, O., Vergara, M., & Casas, M. (2019) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2019.03.009 · Cited by 1
Trivella, J. P., & Levy, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26710-9.00018-3 · Cited by 1
He, Y., Guo, R., Yang, L., Li, L., Zhang, T., Wang, B., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110778 · Cited by 1
Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Its Science and Practice
Wang, L., Bowlus, C. L., Wang, F., & Gershwin, M. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50168-0_8 · Cited by 1
BeattieR.H.Sturrock, JenniferK.Rogers, RossSadler, BerneFerry, Roberts, C. A., RogerW.Chapman, & Lynch, K. D. (2018) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research · doi:10.17554/j.issn.2224-3992.2018.07.797 · Cited by 1
Novel Insights of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Ahn, D. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract · doi:10.15279/kpba.2020.25.2.107 · Cited by 1
Colangitis (ex-cirrosis) biliar primaria
Pariente, A. E. (2021) · EMC - Tratado de Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1636-5410(21)44689-1 · Cited by 2
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Bergasa, N. V. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4715-2_5 · Cited by 1
Tanaka, A., & Gershwin, M. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812102-3.00058-0 · Cited by 2
Scheinberg, A. R., & Levy, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98506-0_17 · Cited by 1
Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Liver Cirrhosis: A Chinese Perspective
Gao, W., Li, Z., Chu, H., Yuan, H., Hu, L., Yao, L., Zhang, L. R., Wang, W., Lin, R., & Yang, L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2615-0_6 · Cited by 1
Méndez‐Sánchez, N. (2018) · Minerva Medica · doi:10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05869-x · Cited by 1
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Formerly Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)
Trivedi, P. J., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119211419.ch38 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTherapeutic Approaches for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ( NASH )
Glatthar, R., & Arch, R. H. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc274 · Cited by 1
Dunn, S., Evans, L., Kennedy, C., Wafer, R., Moody, S., Wolstenhulme, F., Burton, E., Konkoth, A. B., Fisher, H., Chadwick, T., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-113812
Self-citationOrphan drugs in development for primary biliary cirrhosis: challenges and progress
Lindor, K. D., Ali, A. H., & Byrne, T. (2015) · Orphan Drugs Research and Reviews · doi:10.2147/odrr.s69477
Self-citationHirschfield, G. M. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.06.039
Self-citationTargets and investigative treatments for primary biliary cholangitis
Ali, A. H., Carey, E. J., & Lindor, K. D. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1080/21678707.2016.1227240
Self-citationAutoimmune Liver Diseases: Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Ali, A. H., Carey, E. J., & Lindor, K. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30103-7_16
Self-citationStratified medicine and primary biliary cholangitis
Mells, G. F., & Jones, D. E. J. (2017) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30047-x
Carey, E. J., & Levy, C. (2018) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(18)30044-8
Advances in treatment options for patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Parés, A. R. (2017) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1080/21678707.2017.1394840
Self-citationUrsodeoxycholsäure plus Bezafibrat bei PBC
Rashidi‐Alavijeh, J., & Wedemeyer, H. H. (2018) · Gastro-News · doi:10.1007/s15036-018-0441-z
Cirrhosis and Autoimmune Liver Disease
Stirnimann, G., Ebadi, M., Mason, A. L., & Montaño‐Loza, A. J. (2019) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-019-00449-1
Self-citationClinical features of patients with refractory primary biliary cholangitis
Liu, H., Zhang, H., Lin, R., Song, Y., Zhou, L., Wang, B., & Liu, W. (2019) · World Chinese Journal of Digestology · doi:10.11569/wcjd.v27.i4.238
Verbesserte Prognose, aber limitierte Therapieoptionen für PBC und PSC
Koenen, M. T., Zimmermann, H. W., & Trautwein, C. (2019) · Gastro-News · doi:10.1007/s15036-019-0633-1
Diseases of the Liver: Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Phillips, P. K., & Said, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25626-5_7
Lajouad, S., Bouziane, A., Benelbaghdadi, I., Berhili, K., Lagdali, N., Borahma, M., & Ajana, F. Z. (2019) · Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.36348/sjmps.2019.v05i11.004
Bower, R. J., & Frenette, C. T. (2020) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000693
Hakim, A., Patwardhan, V. R., & Bonder, A. (2020) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1002/cld.964
Pharmacological Options for NASH
Stern, C., & Ratziu, V. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95828-6_17
Transplant and Autoimmune Diseases
Gambato, M., & Russo, F. P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65908-0_16
Old and novel prognostic biomarkers in primary biliary cholangitis
Mulinacci, G., Palermo, A., Invernizzi, P., & Carbone, M. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1080/21678707.2021.1927700
Self-citationColangite (ex cirrosi) biliare primitiva
Pariente, A. E. (2021) · EMC - AKOS - Trattato di Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1634-7358(21)45043-6
Kowdley, K. V., Hirschfield, G. M., & Jones, D. E. (2021) · PubMed Central
Self-citationContreras-Omaña, R., Velasco, J. A. V.-R., Castro‐Narro, G., Trujillo-Benavides, O. E., Zamarripa-Dorsey, F., Dorantes, Á. A. R., Muñoz-Espinosa, L. E., Aiza-Haddad, I., Castillo-Barradas, M., Reyes, E. C., et al. (2021) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México · doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2021.04.006
Ding, D., Liu, Y., Zheng, L., Jia, G., Deng, J., Sun, R., Wang, X., Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Ren, P., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1521417/v1
Scheinberg, A. R., & Levy, C. (2022) · Current treatment options in gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-022-00384-z · Cited by 355
Li, B., Li, S., Chen, S., Li, M., Lv, T., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ma, H., Ou, X., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2195709/v1
Challenges for diagnosis and treatment of primary biliary cholangitis
Tanaka, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85389-7.00007-7
Liu, Y., Fan, X., Shen, Y., Men, R., Guo, Y., & Yang, L. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.12182/20231360301
Ding, D., Ren, P., Guo, G., Liu, Y., Yang, C., Zheng, L., Jia, G., Deng, J., Sun, R., Wang, X., et al. (2023) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.gastre.2023.01.005
Managing Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Trivella, J. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48949-5_84
Burghart, L., Hofer, B., Halilbasic, E., Simbrunner, B., Staettermayer, A. F., Trauner, M. A., & Reiberger, T. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.18067
Khakoo, N. S., & Levy, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23947-2.00039-4
Ursodeoxycholic acid in hepatobiliary diseases
Kim, H., & Yoo, J. (2024) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2024.67.9.603
A Rare Case of Concurrent Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Sarcoidosis
Gordon, R. S., Bandaru, M., Yaratha, L., Borum, M. L., & Younes, M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.80228
Hong, Q., Li, C., Li, Z., Guo, Z., Ashraf, N., & Li, K. (2025) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002967
Johnson, E. E., Orozco-Leal, G., Al-Assaf, A. S., Wu, H., Agbeleye, O., Hosseini-Jebeli, S., Sotire, T., Dobson, E., Wallace, S. A., Pearson, F., et al. (2025) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-025-01525-9
Neue Standards in der Behandlung der primären biliären Cholangitis
Vögelin, M., & Kremer, A. E. (2025) · Schweizer Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1007/s43472-025-00173-w
Challenges facing the PBC community: insights from the PBC International Summit
Mitchell-Thain, R., Artyomenko, A., Barclay, S. I. G., Bonder, A., Carlsson, S., Christie, M., Culver, E. L., D’Amato, D., Dickinson, K., Gish, R. G., et al. (2025) · Frontline Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/flgastro-2025-103262
Self-citationGish, R. G., Mendler, M. H., Mena, E., Kim, C., Perez, C., Pan, Y., Samnaliev, M., Ito, D., & Agapova, M. (2025) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2025.2595885
Lou, Z., Lin, W., Zhao, H., Jiao, X., Wang, C., Zhao, H., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Xie, Q., Huang, X., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14429026
Kim, G. E., Imran, M., Mostafa, S., & Kamel, Y. M. (2025) · Case Reports in Hepatology · doi:10.1155/crhe/9033401
Baguley, E., Knaub, M., VanDyke, J. L., Hirschfield, G. M., Swain, M. G., Wright, G., McCaughey, D., & Shaheen, A. A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0340475
Self-citationZhang, P., Zhang, W., Chen, X., Guo, H., Cai, X., Tao, C., Hong, X., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s569500
Middelburg, T. E., Montazeri, N. S. M., Akbulut, Ş., de Vries, E., Bergquist, A., Chazouillères, O., Kemgang, A., Färkkilä, M. A., Stotzer, P.-O., Pereira, S. P., et al. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2026.2616301
Self-citationBouayad, A. (2026) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i5.115814
Chen, S., Li, B., Li, S., Lv, T., Xiao, Q., Ma, H., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Ou, X., Kong, Y., et al. (2026) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-026-04667-y
Asal, F., Elhendawy, M., Eta, E. M. A., Amer, W. H., Abdelhai, D., El-Kalla, F., Enar, M. E., Abdelbaky, S., & Hawash, N. I. (2026) · Recent Advances in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery · doi:10.2174/0127724344429679260220073151
Ooi, Q. X., Brendel, K., van Beek, S. W., Zdovc, J. A., Bardol, M., & Dehez, M. (2026) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.70247
Liang, X., Liang, Y., Liu, S., Yu, L., Liang, Y., & Zhou, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1789551
New therapies for primary biliary cholangitis
Sohal, A., Alamgir, M., & Kowdley, K. V. (2026) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-026-11088-2
Self-citationCan we cure primary biliary cholangitis?
Trivedi, P. J., Hirschfield, G. M., & Gershwin, M. E. (2026) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2026.102786
Self-citationAmerican Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, & EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF THE LIVER (2026) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001791
Bolis, F., & Carbone, M. (2026) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2026.04.003
Fenofibrate add-on therapy improves transplant-free survival in primary biliary cholangitis patients
Li, B., Li, S., Chen, S., Li, M., Lv, T., Wang, Q. Y., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ma, H., Ou, X., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000003154
Franke, A., Müller, T., Stein, K., Bantel, H., Günther, R., & Wiegand, J. (2026) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2026.102254
He, C., Wei, Y., Zheng, K., Wang, X., Liu, J., Li, M. H., Wang, L., & Zhang, F. (2026) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.70554
Characterization of a Northern German Primary Biliary Cholangitis Cohort
Bantel, H., Kader, Y. F., John, K., Franck, M., & Wedemeyer, H. H. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2857-7915
AISF practice guidance on the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis: A 2026 update
Aghemo, A., Calvaruso, V., Carbone, M., Cazzagon, N., Cristoferi, L., D’Amato, D., D’Ambrosio, R., Fianchi, F., Germani, G., Giannini, E. G., et al. (2026) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2026.06.019
Self-citationFan, Z., Jia, S., Wei, Y., Fan, X., Li, X., & Wang, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1845113
Treatment Goals for Primary Biliary Cholangitis, an Australian Perspective
Strasser, S. I., Thompson, A. J. V., Gupta, R., Lubel, J. S., French, J., Sacks, B., & Weltman, M. (2026) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.70616
Efficacy, symptoms, and safety of second-line PBC therapies: a network meta-analysis
Zhao, W., Wu, Z., Kou, Q., Qiao, S., Liu, Z., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1859342
Kowdley, K. V., Bowlus, C. L., Levy, C., Akarca, U. S., Álvares‐da‐Silva, M. R., Andreoné, P., Arrese, M. A., Corpechot, C., Elbeshbeshy, H. A., Francque, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2026.08.016
Self-citationPrimary Biliary Cholangitis: The Evolving Therapeutic Landscape
Schonfeld, E. A., & Kumar, S. (2026) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-026-00741-x
Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) consensus on primary biliary cholangitis
Halilbasic, E., Tatscher, E., Aigner, E., Burghart, L., Graziadei, I. W., Hametner‐Schreil, S., Hofer, B., Hofer, H., Maieron, A., Mandorfer, M., et al. (2026) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-026-02798-6
Advances in Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Sandhu, S., & Goel, A. (2026) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/a-2952-2261
Nuruzade, N., Oruc, U., Konstantis, G., Passenberg, M., Moghadam, A. D., Best, J., Veltkamp, C., Seltsam, F., Schmidt, H., Willuweit, K., et al. (2026) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848261492853
Safety profile of elafibranor versus placebo in primary biliary cholangitis
Khan, N. A., Shahbaz, H., Talha, M., Khan, M. A., Tahir, M. A., Anwar, U., Khan, M. S., & Adhikari, P. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051009
Seladelpar improves liver stiffness in PBC: ASSURE interim analysis
Bowlus, C. L., Hirschfield, G. M., Villamil, A., Kowdley, K. V., Elbeshbeshy, H. A., Corpechot, C., Kremer, A. E., Trivedi, P. J., Kallis, Y. N., Jeong, S., et al. (2026) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2026.102057
Self-citationLi, S., Zheng, L., Lian, Z., Wei, S., Li, N., Ye, J., & Ma, Y. (2026) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2026.150154
AGA/AASLD Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Levy, C., Mayo, M. J., Carey, E. J., Chen, V. L., Assis, D. N., Goel, A., Sedki, M., Sultan, S., Taddei, T., Bittermann, T., et al. (2026) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2026.08.025
Self-citationAASLD AGA clinical Practice Guideline on management of primary biliary cholangitis
Levy, C., Mayo, M. J., Carey, E. J., Chen, V. L., Assis, D. N., Goel, A., Sedki, M., Sultan, S., Taddei, T. H., Bittermann, T., et al. (2026) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001875
Self-citationvan der Meer, A. J., & Trivedi, P. J. (2026) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394360031.ch20
Self-citationDialing up success: next generation treatments in primary biliary cholangitis
Cançado, G. G. L., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2026) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2026.10.012
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lammers, W. J., van Buuren, H. R., Hirschfield, G. M., Janssen, H. L. A., Invernizzi, P., Mason, A. L., Ponsioen, C. Y., Floreani, A., Corpechot, C., Mayo, M. J., Battezzati, P. M., Parés, A., Nevens, F., Burroughs, A. K., Kowdley, K. V., Trivedi, P. J., Kumagi, T., Cheung, A., Lleo, A., Imam, M. H., Boonstra, K., Cazzagon, N., Franceschet, I., Poupon, R., Caballeria, L., Pieri, G., Kanwar, P. S., Lindor, K. D., & Hansen, B. E.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University Health Network (CA)
- Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca (IT)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Virginia Mason Medical Center (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hansen, Bettina E.
- ORCID
- Lammers, Willem J.
- Hirschfield, Gideon M.
- Janssen, Harry L.A.
- Invernizzi, Pietro
- Mason, Andrew L.
- Ponsioen, Cyriel Y.
- Floreani, Annarosa
- Corpechot, Christophe
- Mayo, Marlyn J.
- Battezzati, Pier M.
- Parés, Albert
- Nevens, Frederik
- Burroughs, Andrew K.
- Kowdley, Kris V.
- Trivedi, Palak J.
- Kumagi, Teru
- Cheung, Angela
- Imam, Mohamad H.
- Boonstra, Kirsten
- Cazzagon, Nora
- Poupon, Raoul
- Pieri, Giulia
- Lindor, Keith D.
- Hansen, Bettina E.
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1338-1349.e5
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987523828
- Semantic Scholar
- 0d4f9630f12910194b9fbfed618c9a235f64faaf
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Stichting voor Lever- en Maag-Darm Onderzoek
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Keywords
- primary biliary cirrhosis, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, surrogate endpoints, transplant-free survival, liver transplantation, disease progression, prognostic factors, individual patient data meta-analysis, survival prediction, cholestatic liver disease, mortality risk stratification, treatment response monitoring, liver fibrosis markers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bilirubin, Cholagogues and Choleretics, Education, Medical, Continuing, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, Biomarkers, Survival Analysis, Liver Transplantation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
