The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Are Surrogate End Points of Outcomes of Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: An International Follow-up Study
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims Noninvasive surrogate end points of long-term outcomes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are needed to monitor disease progression and evaluate potential treatments. We performed a meta-analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies to evaluate whether patients' levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin correlate with their outcomes and can be used as surrogate end points.Methods We performed a meta-analysis of data from 4845 patients included in 15 North American and European long-term follow-up cohort studies. Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were analyzed in different settings and subpopulations at different time points relative to the clinical end point (liver transplantation or death).Results Of the 4845 patients, 1118 reached a clinical end point. The median follow-up period was 7.3 years; 77% survived for 10 years after study enrollment. Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin measured at study enrollment (baseline) and each year for 5 years were strongly associated with clinical outcomes (lower levels were associated with longer transplant-free survival). At 1 year after study enrollment, levels of alkaline phosphatase that were 2.0 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) best predicted patient outcome (C statistic, 0.71) but not significantly better than other thresholds. Of patients with alkaline phosphatase levels ≤ 2.0 times the ULN, 84% survived for 10 years compared with 62% of those with levels >2.0 times the ULN (P < .0001). Absolute levels of alkaline phosphatase 1 year after study enrollment predicted patient outcomes better than percentage change in level. One year after study enrollment, a bilirubin level 1.0 times the ULN best predicted patient transplant-free survival (C statistic, 0.79). Of patients with bilirubin levels ≤ 1.0 times the ULN, 86% survived for 10 years after study enrollment compared with 41% of those with levels >1.0 times the ULN (P < .0001). Combining levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin increased the ability to predict patient survival times. We confirmed the predictive value of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels in multiple subgroups, such as patients who had not received treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, and at different time points after study enrollment.Conclusions Levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin can predict outcomes (liver transplantation or death) of patients with PBC and might be used as surrogate end points in therapy trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the current trial, bezafibrate was associated with a rapid and sustained decrease in alkaline phosphatase level and a parallel decrease in total bilirubin, the two most important prognostic indicators in primary biliary cholangitis.25”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Serum bilirubin has been recognised since the 1970s as a major predictor of poor outcome in PBC [72,7].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patients were selected on the basis of Paris 2 criteria, 15 which have been recognized as relevant predictors of clinical outcomes in several independent populations of patients with primary biliary cholangitis.24,25”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In a large, international cohort analysis involving patients with primary biliary cholangitis, elevations in the alkaline phosphatase level were independently associated with a risk of liver transplantation or death that was 2.0 to 2.5 times as high as the risk associated with normal levels. 10”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“An abnormally elevated bilirubin level, which occurs later in disease progression, was a stronger predictor of outcomes, with a risk of liver transplantation or death that was 5.1 to 10.7 times the risk associated with normal levels; however, even increased values within the normal range were associated with a risk of disease progression. 10”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The disease is chronic and often progressive, resulting in end-stage liver disease and its associated complications [6][7][8].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Response to UDCA is variable, and incomplete response is associated with increased risk of death from PBC or need for liver transplantation.11–18”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Serum bilirubin has been recognised since the 1970s as a major predictor of poor outcome in PBC [72,7].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The disease is chronic and often progressive, resulting in end-stage liver disease and its associated complications [6][7][8].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In a large, international meta-analysis including 4,845 patients, UDCAtreated individuals had significantly improved transplant-free survival at 5, 10, and 15 years compared with nontreated individuals (90%, 78%, and 66% versus 79%, 59%, and 32%, respectively).(77)”
From Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, serum ALP and total bilirubin predict outcomes in this context.(77)”
From Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels correlate with disease progression, and lower levels are predictive of survival without the need for liver transplantation. 9,10”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The majority of patients diagnosed today are asymptomatic at diagnosis and one contemporary series showed that nearly 90% do not have fibrosis when first identified (although others have shown higher rates potentially reflecting case mix).11 12 26 27”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“two of the main prognostic factors that predict long-term survival in PBC.20”
From Combination of fibrates with obeticholic acid is able to normalise biochemical liver tests in patients with difficult‐to‐treat primary biliary cholangitis (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of ALP correlate with disease progression, and are associated with higher risk of liver transplantation or death.4”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Reduction in ALP levels has been validated as a surrogate marker of slower disease progression as well as improved transplant‐free overall survival.4”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Recent data have revealed the importance of ALP as a surrogate of clinical outcomes in patients with PBC.4”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Elevated levels of ALP are prognostic of worse clinical outcomes in PBC, with lower levels of ALP associated with longer transplant‐free survival and improved overall survival.”
From NGM282 for Treatment of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices
Pugh, R. N. H., Murray-Lyon, I. M., Dawson, J. L., Pietroni, M. C., & Williams, R. (1973) · Journal of British Surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800600817 · Cited by 7,941
A Model to Predict Survival in Patients With End–Stage Liver Disease
Kamath, P. S., Wiesner, R. H., Malinchoc, M., Kremers, W. K., Therneau, T. M., Kosberg, C. L., D’Amico, G., Dickson, R. E., & Kim, W. R. (2001) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.22172 · Cited by 5,066
Kaplan, M. M. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702263160907 · Cited by 2,016
Rockey, D. C., Caldwell, S. H., Goodman, Z. D., Nelson, R. C., & Smith, A. D. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22742 · Cited by 2,004
Surgery and portal hypertension.
Child, C. G., & Turcotte, J. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 1,933
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009 · Cited by 1,729
Schwab, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4730 · Cited by 1,241
Kaplan, M. M., & Gershwin, M. E. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra043898 · Cited by 1,144
Lindor, K. D., Gershwin, E. M., Poupon, R., Kaplan, M., Bergasa, N. V., & Heathcote, J. E. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22906 · Cited by 1,099
Self-citationPrognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: Model for decision making
Dickson, R. E., Grambsch, P. M., Fleming, T. R., Fisher, L. D., & Langworthy, A. (1989) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840100102 · Cited by 816
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 497
Giljača, V., Štimac, D., & Gluud, C. N. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.11.050 · Cited by 8
Advancing Second-Line Treatment for Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Assis, D. N. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme2312745 · Cited by 8
Kowdley, K. V., Ieyoub, J., Pan, Y., Samnaliev, M., Ito, D., & Perez, C. (2025) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70391 · Cited by 8
Self-citationManagement of common bile duct stones: a comprehensive review
Wang, Q., & Li, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1658784 · Cited by 7
Primary biliary cholangitis: current insights and novel therapies
Granito, A., Παππάς, Γ., Napoli, L., Stefanini, B., Tirotta, D., & Muratori, P. (2026) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2026.2672493 · Cited by 8
Prognostic scores in primary biliary cholangitis patients with advanced disease
Feng, J., Xu, J.-M., Fu, H.-Y., Xie, N., Bao, W., & Tang, Y.-M. (2023) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.4240/wjgs.v15.i8.1774 · Cited by 4
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of seladelpar for adults with primary biliary cholangitis
Caines, A., Trudeau, S., & Gordon, S. C. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2390120 · Cited by 7
Primary biliary cholangitis: new treatments for an old disease
Trivedi, H. D., Lizaola‐Mayo, B., Tapper, E. B., & Bonder, A. (2016) · Frontline Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/flgastro-2016-100741 · Cited by 7
Wu, J., Zhu, P., Zhang, Z., Zhang, B., Chang, S., Chen, L., Feng, R., Abdoul, A. M. K., Li, G., & Qianyun, G. (2018) · Cancer Biology and Medicine · doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0095 · Cited by 7
Gulamhusein, A. F., & Hansen, B. E. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.12.008 · Cited by 7
Self-citationHyperbilirubinemia in hospitalized patients: Etiology and outcomes
Kwon, J. Y., Nietert, P. J., & Rockey, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1177/10815589231180498 · Cited by 6
Autorinnen/Autoren, & Collaborators (2025) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2558-5204 · Cited by 6
Advancing the management of primary biliary cholangitis: From pathogenesis to emerging therapies
Curto, A., Iamello, R. G., Lynch, E. N., & Galli, A. (2025) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v13.i30.109028 · Cited by 6
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC): evolving approaches and expert perspectives
Invernizzi, P., Aghemo, A., Calvaruso, V., Lleò, A., Marzioni, M., Piscaglia, F., Rigamonti, C., Gentilucci, U. V., Brillanti, S., Carbone, M., et al. (2025) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2025.2601220 · Cited by 6
Self-citationDing, D., Hu, Y., Jia, G., Wang, B., Zheng, L., Deng, J., Sun, R., Wang, X., Guo, G., Cui, L., et al. (2024) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-024-10743-w · Cited by 6
Fujinaga, Y., Namisaki, T., Tsuji, Y., Shibamoto, A., Kubo, T., Koizumi, A., Matsuda, T., Inoue, T., Iwai, S., Tomooka, F., et al. (2025) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.14192 · Cited by 6
She, C., Wang, J., Tang, N., Liu, Z., Xu, L., & Liu, B. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/1754975 · Cited by 6
Predictive Model of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment Response in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Shu, Y.-Y., Song, Y., Bai, T., Pan, X., Shang, H., Yang, L., Ye, J., & Du, F. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00127 · Cited by 6
Longitudinal Assessment of Bile Duct Loss in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Hercun, J., Noureddin, M., Noureddin, N., Eccleston, J. L., Woolridge, D., Liang, T. J., Tana, M. M.-S., Kleiner, D. E., Rodriguez, G. V., Koh, C., et al. (2022) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001985 · Cited by 6
Investigational farnesoid X receptor agonists for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis
Akepati, P. R., & Gochanour, E. M. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2024.2348743 · Cited by 7
Lim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, S., & Choi, J. (2024) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101251 · Cited by 6
Fibrates for Primary Biliary Cholangitis: What’s All the Hype?
Levy, C. (2017) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0010.2709 · Cited by 6
Surrogate Endpoints for Optimal Therapeutic Response to UDCA in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
van Buuren, H. V., Lammers, W., Harms, M., & Hansen, B. (2015) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000440759 · Cited by 5
Self-citationYang, C., Qiu, W., Yan, Z., Qin, Y., Yuan, Y., Mo, L., & Lin, W. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2025.138141 · Cited by 5
Tanaka, A., Treeprasertsuk, S., Chang, M., Tan, S.-S., Efe, C., Jeong, S., Ma, X., Weltman, M., Isayama, H., & Jia, J. (2025) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-025-10965-6 · Cited by 7
van Hooff, M. C., de Veer, R. C., Werner, E., Beuers, U. H., Drenth, J. P. H., Cuperus, F. J. C., van Hoek, B., Veldt, B. J., Klemt‐Kropp, M., van Meer, S., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003879 · Cited by 7
Self-citationReddy, A., Martins, A., Bowlus, C. L., Mayo, M. J., Carey, E. J., Wong, M., Weiss, M., Elbeshbeshy, H. A., Rubin, R. A., Luketic, V. A., et al. (2026) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003973 · Cited by 5
Self-citationReview Article: Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptors in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Schattenberg, J. M., Bañales, J. M., Hirschfield, G. M., Trivedi, P., Cable, E. E., McWherter, C. A., Billin, A. N., Crittenden, D. B., & Budas, G. R. (2026) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70598 · Cited by 5
Self-citationReview of Current and Upcoming Second-Line Treatments for Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Cumpian, N. A., Choi, G., & Saab, S. (2024) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-024-08742-w · Cited by 5
Arroyave, E., Saldarriaga, Ó. A., Bhatti, S., Bergman, I., Graham, R. P., Tana, M. M.-S., Balitzer, D. J., Khan, K. A., Kueht, M., & Stevenson, H. L. (2025) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.modpat.2025.100728 · Cited by 5
Perez, C. F. M., Gulamhusein, A. F., Carbone, M., Trivedi, P. J., van der Meer, A. J., Corpechot, C., Battezzati, P. M., Lammers, W. J., Cazzagon, N., Floreani, A., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002029 · Cited by 5
Self-citationFibrates and Fibrate-induced Liver Injury in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Vanasco, A., & vanSonnenberg, E. (2023) · Gene Expression · doi:10.14218/ge.2023.00015 · Cited by 5
Advancing care in primary biliary cholangitis: emerging insights and novel therapies
Vögelin, M., & Kremer, A. E. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2025.2516622 · Cited by 5
Primary biliary cholangitis: Treatment options finally expand
Levy, C. (2017) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29053 · Cited by 5
Sahu, R., Mishra, R., & Majee, C. (2020) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2020.1797485 · Cited by 5
Chronic cholestatic liver diseases - Primary biliary cholangitis and Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Fejfar, T., Vaňásek, T., & Hůlek, P. (2020) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2020.084 · Cited by 5
Chen, C., Cheng, J., Wang, H.-E., Huang, C.-W., Hu, J., Chen, W., Chang, M., Ku, H. T. S., Lin, C.-Y., Chien, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10112226 · Cited by 5
Tanaka, A., Hirohara, J., Nakano, T., Yagi, M., Namisaki, T., Yoshiji, H., Nakanuma, Y., Takikawa, H., & Japan PBC Study Group (JPBCSG) (2018) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.13068 · Cited by 5
Risk stratification and treatment of primary biliary cholangitis
Martínez, J., Aguilera, L., & Albillos, A. (2018) · Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas · doi:10.17235/reed.2018.5662/2018 · Cited by 5
Treatment of PBC —A step forward
Carbone, M., & Invernizzi, P. (2017) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13353 · Cited by 5
Self-citationBrunet, E., Hernández, L., Miquel, M., Sánchez‐Delgado, J., Dalmau, B., Valero, O., Vergara, M., & Casas, M. (2018) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2018.08.002 · Cited by 5
An update on novel investigational agents for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis
Floreani, A., Gabbia, D., & Martin, S. D. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2025.2573638 · Cited by 4
Self-citationLevy, C., Lleo, A., Martins, A., Scaravaglio, M., Bowlus, C. L., Carbone, M., Corpechot, C., Couto, C. A., Hansen, B. E., Hirschfield, G. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2026.03.038 · Cited by 9
Self-citationWerner, E., van Hooff, M. C., Weijsters, G. H. X., Abbas, N., Gerussi, A., Willemse, J., Mitchell-Thain, R., Leburgue, A., Hirschfield, G. M., Corpechot, C., et al. (2025) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2025.01.037 · Cited by 5
Self-citationWang, S., Dong, V., Montaño‐Loza, A. J., & Mason, A. L. (2021) · Hepatoma Research · doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2020.163 · Cited by 5
Self-citationTanaka, A., Abe, M., Namisaki, T., Shimoda, S., Zeniya, M., Ido, A., Yoshiji, H., Ohira, H., Harada, K., Kakuda, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Translational Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100283 · Cited by 4
The changing faces of cholangitis
Lee, S. P., Roberts, J. R., & Kuver, R. (2016) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.8745.1 · Cited by 4
Contreras-Omaña, R., Velasco, J. A. V.-R., Castro‐Narro, G., Trujillo-Benavides, O. E., Zamarripa-Dorsey, F., Dorantes, Á. A. R., Muñoz-Espinosa, L. E., Aiza-Haddad, I., Castillo-Barradas, M., Reyes, E. C., et al. (2021) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.04.003 · Cited by 6
Optimizing treatment of primary biliary cholangitis: Is good, good enough?
Bowlus, C. L., & Levy, C. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000556 · Cited by 4
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Monitoring of Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
Poordad, F. F. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 4
Clinical Trials in PBC Going Forward
Corpechot, C. (2019) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1687852 · Cited by 5
Self-citationGadour, E., Miutescu, B. P., Bashir, H., Ali, A. A., Al-Anzi, S. K., Al-Shahrani, A., Almuhaidb, A., Mohamed, S., Abaalkhail, F. A., Kuriry, H., et al. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18050697 · Cited by 3
Díaz‐González, Á., Molera, C., Domínguez, E. G., Muñoz‐Bartolo, G., Ampuero, J., Fernández‐Rodríguez, C., Quintero, J., Molina, E., Salcedo, M., Olveira, A., et al. (2025) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.gastre.2026.502629 · Cited by 3
Levy, C., Bowlus, C. L., Lawitz, E., Antunes, N., Miller, B., Shu, J., Zein, C. O., & Kowdley, K. V. (2026) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.70630 · Cited by 3
Self-citationA change of paradigm in PBC: Pursuing normal alkaline phosphatase
Lleò, A. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104150 · Cited by 3
Zhang, Y., Fan, X., Song, B., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, T., Guo, Y., Duan, T., Huang, Z., & Yang, L. (2023) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-023-10080-w · Cited by 3
Peng, H., Zheng, T., Zeng, N., Han, Y., Niu, Z., Wang, Y., & Duan, S. (2025) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-025-03931-x · Cited by 3
Bhushan, S. R., & Kowdley, K. V. (2025) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000001109 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPrognostic biomarkers and surrogate end points in PSC
Vesterhus, M. N., & Melum, E. (2016) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13216 · Cited by 3
Oweira, H., Lahdou, I., Daniel, V., Schmidt, J., Mehrabi, A., & Sadeghi, M. (2018) · Annals of Transplantation · doi:10.12659/aot.906028 · Cited by 3
Primary biliary cholangitis: assessment and management strategies
Abbas, S. N., Jones, D. E., Kallis, Y. N., Maher, L., & Patanwala, I. (2021) · Gastrointestinal Nursing · doi:10.12968/gasn.2021.19.sup4.s1 · Cited by 3
Bergasa, N. V. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4715-2_3 · Cited by 3
Keeling, S. S., McDonald, M. F., Anand, A., Goff, C. R., Christmann, C. R., Barrett, S. C., Kueht, M., Goss, J. A., Cholankeril, G. T., & Rana, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12071159 · Cited by 3
Medina‐Morales, E., Ismail, M., Barba, R., Abboud, Y., Sierra, L., Marenco‐Flores, A., Goyes, D., Saberi, B., Patwardhan, V. R., & Bonder, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12206536 · Cited by 3
Cançado, G. G. L., Gomes, N. M. D. F., Couto, C. A., Cançado, E. L. R., Terrabuio, D. R. B., Villela‐Nogueira, C. A., Braga, M. H., Nardelli, M. J., Faria, L. C., Oliveira, E. M. G., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002744 · Cited by 3
Up-to-Date Snapshot of Current and Emerging Medical Therapies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Warsop, Z. I., Anand, N., Maliki, H. A., Souza, S. D., Kamyab, A. A., Hadad, A. A., & Alrubaiy, L. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14121133 · Cited by 3
Itching to Know: Role of Fibrates in PBC
Levy, C., & Lindor, K. D. (2018) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.432 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPhase 3 Trials of Elafibranor and Seladelpar for Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Kowdley, K. V., Levy, C., & Jones, D. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2403986 · Cited by 3
Self-citationGordon, S. C., Villamil, A., Jacobson, I. M., Lawitz, E., Younes, Z. H., Silveira, M. G., Bowlus, C. L., Drenth, J. P. H., Vierling, J. M., Morgera, U., et al. (2026) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000918 · Cited by 2
Self-citationEvolving Concepts of Treatment Targets for Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Global Perspective
Bowlus, C. L., Bittencourt, P. L., Bobat, B., Gulamhusein, A. F., Kowdley, K. V., Levy, C., Lleo, A., Ma, X., & Tanaka, A. (2026) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000004054 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSebode, M., Bantel, H., Baumann, U., Bufler, P., Demir, M., Dold, L., Keitel, V., Klein, R., Kremer, A. E., Jansen, P. L., et al. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2769-2475 · Cited by 2
Novel treatments targeting immune‐related mechanisms in primary biliary cholangitis
Carbone, M., & Invernizzi, P. (2016) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1002/cld.587 · Cited by 2
Self-citationHong, K., Iacovetti, G., Rahimian, A., Hong, S. S., Epperson, J., Neal, C., Pan, T., Le, A., Kendall, E. L., Melton, K., et al. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11061019 · Cited by 2
Yoshida, E. M., Swain, M. G., Tsien, C. D., Tam, E., Bailey, R. J., Grbic, D., Ko, H. H., Ramji, A. S., Hilzenrat, N., Elkhashab, M., et al. (2022) · Canadian Liver Journal · doi:10.3138/canlivj-2021-0038 · Cited by 3
Papel del ácido ursodesoxicólico en 40 años de tratamiento para la colangitis biliar primaria
Montoya-Orozco, P. A., & Moreno-Cuadros, A. L. (2023) · Hepatología · doi:10.59093/27112322.174 · Cited by 2
The Many Faces of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Controversy Abounds
Wentworth, B. J., Khot, R., & Caldwell, S. H. (2023) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-023-08003-2 · Cited by 2
Mederacke, Y., Mederacke, I., Bock, K., & Wedemeyer, H. H. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-2150-2077 · Cited by 2
Innate lymphoid cell subsets in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis
Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Li, B., Su, R. J., Han, Z., Jin, B., Li, T., Zheng, X., & Han, Y. (2024) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.16547 · Cited by 2
Tang, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Xia, L., Tang, X., Chen, R., & Zhou, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1432814 · Cited by 2
Tanaka, A., Leung, P. S. C., Bowlus, C. L., & Gershwin, M. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51709-0_22 · Cited by 2
Moderne Therapie der primär biliären Cholangitis
Strassburg, C. P. (2017) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-017-0347-4 · Cited by 2
Pratt, D. S. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30517 · Cited by 2
Chen, X., Ma, X., Wang, R., Wang, L., Li, J., Liu, H., He, T., Wei, S., Li, H., Wang, M., et al. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000023107 · Cited by 2
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction followed by successful oral desensitization to ursodiol
Lee, E. Y., & Song, C. (2021) · Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1186/s13223-021-00578-7 · Cited by 2
Clinical Patterns of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Comparison Between Two European Case Series
Abenavoli, L., Procopio, A. C., Cinaglia, P., Zanza, C., Grazie, C. D., Longhitano, Y., Libicherová, P., & Luzza, F. (2022) · Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials · doi:10.2174/1574887117666220617095856 · Cited by 2
Henriksson, I., Udumyan, R., Nilsson, E., Önnerhag, K., Rorsman, F., Werner, M., Marschall, H., Wåhlin, S., Nyhlin, N., & SweHep (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2022.2103729 · Cited by 2
Rezaieg, N. S. (2019) · Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics · doi:10.29409/ijcmg.v11i1.235 · Cited by 2
Rigamonti, C., Benedittis, C. D., Labanca, S., Vanni, E., Morgando, A., Manfredi, G. F., Azzolina, D., Cittone, M. G., Giannini, E. G., Saracco, G. M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002582 · Cited by 2
Noninvasive Assessment of Disease Progression
Tapper, E. B., & Afdhal, N. H. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37591-7.00008-2 · Cited by 2
Amano, N., Ikeda, Y., Hayashida, S., Takahashi, S., Sato, S., Murata, A., Tsuzura, H., Sato, S., Shimada, Y., Iijima, K., et al. (2019) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.13434 · Cited by 2
Sclair, S. N., & Levy, C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37591-7.00042-2 · Cited by 2
Berchmas, M. J., & Niyonzima, F. N. (2020) · East Africa Science · doi:10.24248/easci-d-18-00002 · Cited by 2
Floreani, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65908-0_8 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLevy, C., Carrion, A. F., & Mayo, M. J. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119251316.ch21 · Cited by 2
Self-citationPrimary Biliary Cholangitis, Liver Transplantation, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Mini-review
Rawashdeh, B., Couillard, A. B., Rawshdeh, A., Aziz, H., Esteban, J. P., & Selim, M. A. (2022) · Gene Expression · doi:10.14218/ge.2022.00016 · Cited by 1
Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Updates in Management and Goals of Treatment
Carlson, K., Salge, M. H., & Cholankeril, G. T. (2024) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-024-00667-2 · Cited by 1
sajadi, S. M. J., Tamizifar, B., Sanei, M. H., & Babak, A. (2024) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_813_22 · Cited by 2
Martins, A., & Levy, C. (2025) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000001076 · Cited by 1
Liu, Y., Gao, M., Li, B., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Feng, Y., Wang, X., Wang, X., & Zhou, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Gastroenterology · doi:10.3389/fgstr.2025.1534145 · Cited by 1
Chen, J.-Q., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z.-W., Yang, J.-Y., Liao, J.-H., Lei, C.-X., Zhang, X.-Y., Yu, X.-B., Wu, T., Liu, Z.-H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s522156 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lammers, W. J., van Buuren, H. R., Hirschfield, G. M., Janssen, H. L. A., Invernizzi, P., Mason, A. L., Ponsioen, C. Y., Floreani, A., Corpechot, C., Mayo, M. J., Battezzati, P. M., Parés, A., Nevens, F., Burroughs, A. K., Kowdley, K. V., Trivedi, P. J., Kumagi, T., Cheung, A., Lleo, A., Imam, M. H., Boonstra, K., Cazzagon, N., Franceschet, I., Poupon, R., Caballeria, L., Pieri, G., Kanwar, P. S., Lindor, K. D., & Hansen, B. E.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University Health Network (CA)
- Fondazione Humanitas per la Ricerca (IT)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (BE)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Virginia Mason Medical Center (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hansen, Bettina E.
- ORCID
- Lammers, Willem J.
- Hirschfield, Gideon M.
- Janssen, Harry L.A.
- Invernizzi, Pietro
- Mason, Andrew L.
- Ponsioen, Cyriel Y.
- Floreani, Annarosa
- Corpechot, Christophe
- Mayo, Marlyn J.
- Battezzati, Pier M.
- Parés, Albert
- Nevens, Frederik
- Burroughs, Andrew K.
- Kowdley, Kris V.
- Trivedi, Palak J.
- Kumagi, Teru
- Cheung, Angela
- Imam, Mohamad H.
- Boonstra, Kirsten
- Cazzagon, Nora
- Poupon, Raoul
- Pieri, Giulia
- Lindor, Keith D.
- Hansen, Bettina E.
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1338-1349.e5
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987523828
- Semantic Scholar
- 0d4f9630f12910194b9fbfed618c9a235f64faaf
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Stichting voor Lever- en Maag-Darm Onderzoek
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Keywords
- primary biliary cirrhosis, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, surrogate endpoints, transplant-free survival, liver transplantation, disease progression, prognostic factors, individual patient data meta-analysis, survival prediction, cholestatic liver disease, mortality risk stratification, treatment response monitoring, liver fibrosis markers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bilirubin, Cholagogues and Choleretics, Education, Medical, Continuing, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, Biomarkers, Survival Analysis, Liver Transplantation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
