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Biopsychosocial Aspects of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: How Central and Environmental Processes Contribute to the Development and Expression of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, we provide a general framework for understanding the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) from a biopsychosocial perspective. More specifically, we provide an overview of the recent research on how the complex interactions of environmental, psychological, and biological factors contribute to the development and maintenance of the FGID. We emphasize that considering and addressing all these factors is a conditio sine qua non for appropriate treatment of these conditions. First, we provide an overview of what is currently known about how each of these factors - the environment, including the influence of those in an individual's family, the individual's own psychological states and traits, and the individual's (neuro)physiological make-up - interact to ultimately result in the generation of FGID symptoms. Second, we provide an overview of commonly used assessment tools which can assist clinicians in obtaining a more comprehensive assessment of these factors in their patients. Finally, the broader perspective outlined earlier is applied to provide an overview of centrally acting treatment strategies, both psychological and pharmacological, which have been shown to be efficacious to treat FGID.
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“chronic stress, psychological symptoms, negative beliefs about symptoms and illness and maladaptive coping mechanisms can increase the frequency and severity of symptoms.29 30”
From British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“and early‐life adverse events, such as physical or sexual abuse, are also prevalent [ 379 , 381 ].”
From European Guideline on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting—A UEG and ESNM Consensus for Clinical Management (2025) · cites this paper as [379]
In the citing paper
“A stressful life and emotional events are associated with symptom exacerbation [ 376 , 379 , 380 ]”
From European Guideline on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting—A UEG and ESNM Consensus for Clinical Management (2025) · cites this paper as [379]
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Psychological considerations for pelvic floor dysfunction and pelvic conditions
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Metadata
- Authors
- Van Oudenhove, L., Levy, R. L., Crowell, M. D., Drossman, D. A., Halpert, A. D., Keefer, L., Lackner, J. M., Murphy, T. B., & Naliboff, B. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Boston Medical Center (US)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
- State University of New York (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levy, Rona L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1355-1367.e2
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8809487
- OpenAlex
- W2344812785
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 45.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Allergan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK077738)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- functional gastrointestinal disorders, biopsychosocial model, environmental factors, psychological factors, family influence, psychological characteristics, neurophysiological factors, psychological assessment instruments, pharmacotherapy, psychological intervention, treatment options
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