The Vagus Nerve in Appetite Regulation, Mood, and Intestinal Inflammation

Akufo and Ibarapa

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Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin

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Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve

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The inflammatory reflex

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation

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Acetylcholine-Synthesizing T Cells Relay Neural Signals in a Vagus Nerve Circuit

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Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system

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The Need to Feed

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Associative learning and extinction of conditioned threat predictors across sensory modalities

Koenen, L. R., Pawlik, R. J., Icenhour, A., Petrakova, L., Forkmann, K., Theysohn, N., Engler, H., & Elsenbruch, S. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02008-1 · Cited by 43

Diet and microbiota-gut-brain axis in relation to tail biting in pigs: A review

Kobek‐Kjeldager, C., Schönherz, A. A., Canibe, N., & Pedersen, L. J. (2021) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105514 · Cited by 39

kHz-frequency electrical stimulation selectively activates small, unmyelinated vagus afferents

Chang, Y.-C., Ahmed, U., Jayaprakash, N., Mughrabi, I. T., Lin, Q., Wu, Y.-C., Gerber, M., Abbas, A., Daytz, A. E., Gabalski, A. H., et al. (2022) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.015 · Cited by 35

Therapeutic potential of serotonin 4 receptor for chronic depression and its associated comorbidity in the gut

Agrawal, L., Korkutata, M., Vimal, S. K., Yadav, M. K., Bhattacharyya, S., & Shiga, T. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107969 · Cited by 32

Acute effects of vagus nerve stimulation parameters on gastric motility assessed with magnetic resonance imaging

Lu, K., Cao, J., Phillips, R., Powley, T. L., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13853 · Cited by 31

How COVID‐19 can cause autonomic dysfunctions and postural orthostatic syndrome? A Review of mechanisms and evidence

Hassani, M., Jouzdani, A. F., Motarjem, S., Ranjbar, A., & Khansari, N. (2021) · Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ncn3.12548 · Cited by 32

Translating Developmental Principles to Generate Human Gastric Organoids

Eicher, A. K., Berns, H. M., & Wells, J. M. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.12.014 · Cited by 34

Gut microbiota: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression

Li, B., Xu, M., Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xing, H., & Zhang, K. (2022) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.116038 · Cited by 35

Acupuncture influences multiple diseases by regulating gut microbiota

Xu, H., Luo, Y., Li, Q., & Zhu, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371543 · Cited by 33

Extracellular pH monitoring for use in closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation

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Adipose Tissue and Biological Factors. Possible Link between Lymphatic System Dysfunction and Obesity

Antoniak-Pietrynczak, K., Hansdorfer-Korzon, R., Mrugacz, M., & Zorena, K. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11090617 · Cited by 28

Bacterial Amyloid Curli Associated Gut Epithelial Neuroendocrine Activation Predominantly Observed in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice with Central Amyloid-β Pathology

Das, T. K., Blasco-Conesa, M. P., Korf, J. M., Honarpisheh, P., Chapman, M. R., & Ganesh, B. P. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220106 · Cited by 30

The Characteristics, Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ)

Mohammadi, M. R., Akhondzadeh, S., Keshavarz, S. A., & Mostafavi, S. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1223-9 · Cited by 27

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Disorders of Energy Balance

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How we decide what to eat: Toward an interdisciplinary model of gut–brain interactions

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Acute vagus nerve stimulation does not affect liking or wanting ratings of food in healthy participants

Müller, F. K., Teckentrup, V., Kühnel, A., Ferstl, M., & Kroemer, N. B. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105813 · Cited by 26

Synchronizing our clocks as we age: the influence of the brain-gut-immune axis on the sleep-wake cycle across the lifespan

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Phytotherapy of mood disorders in the light of microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Korczak, M., Pilecki, M. W., Granica, S., Gorczynska, A., Pawłowska, K. A., & Piwowarski, J. P. (2023) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154642 · Cited by 27

The role of neurotransmitters in mediating the relationship between brain alterations and depressive symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Wang, J., Liu, G., Xu, K., Ai, K., Huang, W., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26439 · Cited by 27

Leptin and energy balance: exploring Leptin’s role in the regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure

Tucker, J. A. L., Bornath, D. P. D., McCarthy, S. F., & Hazell, T. J. (2022) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2022.2161135 · Cited by 25

Changes in motor behavior, neuropathology, and gut microbiota of a Batten disease mouse model following administration of acidified drinking water

Johnson, T. B., Langin, L. M., Zhao, J., Weimer, J. M., Pearce, D. A., & Kovács, A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51488-z · Cited by 25

Cine gastric MRI reveals altered Gut–Brain Axis in Functional Dyspepsia: gastric motility is linked with brainstem‐cortical fMRI connectivity

Sclocco, R., Fisher, H. P., Staley, R., Han, K., Mendez, A., Bolender, A., Coll‐Font, J., Kettner, N. W., Nguyen, C. T., Kuo, B., et al. (2022) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14396 · Cited by 26

Preventive noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation reduces insufficient sleep-induced depression by improving the autonomic nervous system

Ma, S., Liu, X., & Cai, W. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116344 · Cited by 24

The Brain-Gut Team

Malagelada, J. R. (2020) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000505810 · Cited by 24

Clinical and Molecular Insights into Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Myotonic Dystrophy Types 1 & 2

Peterson, J. A. M., & Cooper, T. A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232314779 · Cited by 24

Electroacupuncture alleviates intestinal inflammation via a distinct neuro-immune signal pathway in the treatment of postoperative ileus

Liu, S.-C., Fu, W., Fu, J.-N., Chen, G., He, Y., Zheng, T., & Ma, T. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116387 · Cited by 24

Colitis-induced alterations in response properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in the rat caudal medulla oblongata and their modulation by 5-HT3 receptor blockade

Любашина, О. А., Sivachenko, I. B., Busygina, I. I., & Panteleev, S. S. (2018) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.013 · Cited by 24

Metabolic factors in the regulation of hypothalamic innate immune responses in obesity

Folick, A., Cheang, R. T., Valdearcos, M., & Koliwad, S. K. (2022) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-021-00666-z · Cited by 26

Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

Blanke, E. N., Holmes, G. M., & Besecker, E. M. (2020) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.290883 · Cited by 26

The acidified drinking water-induced changes in the behavior and gut microbiota of wild-type mice depend on the acidification mode

Whipple, B., Agar, J., Zhao, J., Pearce, D. A., & Kovács, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82570-0 · Cited by 24

First Encounters: Effects of the Microbiota on Neonatal Brain Development

Gars, A., Ronczkowski, N. M., Chassaing, B., Castillo‐Ruiz, A., & Forger, N. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.682505 · Cited by 25

Chemogenetic manipulation of parasympathetic neurons (DMV) regulates feeding behavior and energy metabolism

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Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and other microbiome-based innovative therapeutics to mitigate obesity and enhance longevity via the gut-brain axis

Boyajian, J. L., Islam, P., Abosalha, A. K., Schaly, S., Thareja, R., Kassab, A., Arora, K., Santos, M., Shum-Tim, C., & Prakash, S. (2024) · Microbiome Research Reports · doi:10.20517/mrr.2024.05 · Cited by 24

TRPM3 expression and control of glutamate release from primary vagal afferent neurons

Ragozzino, F. J., Arnold, R. A., Fenwick, A. J., Riley, T. P., Lindberg, J. E. M., Peterson, B., & Peters, J. H. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00229.2020 · Cited by 22

The Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis and Its Link to Autism: Emerging Insights and the Potential of Zebrafish Models

James, D. M., Davidson, E. A., Yanes, J. A., Moshiree, B., & Dallman, J. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.662916 · Cited by 25

Impact of auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation on gut microbiome in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome: A pilot study

Bora, G., Atkinson, S. N., Pan, A., Sood, M., Salzman, N. H., & Karrento, K. (2023) · Journal of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1111/1751-2980.13203 · Cited by 22

The gut microbiome: an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic advances

Li, S., Zhao, L., Xiao, J., Guo, Y., Fu, R., Zhang, Y., & Xu, S. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-023-04853-6 · Cited by 23

The effect of exercise on depression and gut microbiota: Possible mechanisms

Yao, M., Qu, Y., Zheng, Y., & Guo, H. (2024) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111130 · Cited by 26

Gut health benefits and associated systemic effects provided by functional components from the fermentation of natural matrices

Cante, R. C., Nigro, F., Passannanti, F., Lentini, G., Gallo, M., Nigro, R., & Budelli, A. (2024) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.13356 · Cited by 21

The contribution of astrocytes to obesity-associated metabolic disturbances

Obara‐Michlewska, M. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.36.20200020 · Cited by 20

Brain Stimulation to Modulate Food Intake and Eating Behavior

Dendy, R., Stinson, E. J., Guerithault, N., & Gluck, M. E. (2019) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1250-2 · Cited by 20

The Immediate Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Intractable Epilepsy: An Intra-operative Electrocorticographic Analysis

Yokoyama, R., Akiyama, Y., Enatsu, R., Suzuki, H., Suzuki, Y., Kanno, A., Ochi, S., & Mikuni, N. (2020) · Neurologia medico-chirurgica · doi:10.2176/nmc.oa.2019-0221 · Cited by 20

Non‐invasive peripheral focused ultrasound neuromodulation of the celiac plexus ameliorates symptoms in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease

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Combined administration of SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 and the α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 protect mice against DSS‑induced colitis

Xiao, J., Zhang, G., Gao, S., Shen, J., Huang, F., He, Z., & Xu, C. (2020) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11324 · Cited by 19

Newer modalities in the management of Alzheimer's dementia along with the role of aducanumab and lecanemab in the treatment of its refractory cases

Marsool, M. D. M., Prajjwal, P., Reddy, Y. B., Marsool, A. D. M., Lam, J. R., & Nandwana, V. (2023) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101547 · Cited by 18

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Relives Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Associated Depression via α7nAChR-mediated Anti-inflammatory Pathway

Yan, Q., Chen, J., Ren, X., Song, Y., Xu, J., Xuan, S., Jiang, X., Kuang, Z., & Tang, Z. (2023) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.026 · Cited by 19

Advances in molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for central nervous system diseases based on gut microbiota imbalance

Tao, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Nie, S., Li, F., Xiao, J., & Wu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.023 · Cited by 21

Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants and Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Symptom Management

Pados, B. F., & Davitt, E. S. (2020) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2020.01.005 · Cited by 19

Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatry: Focus on Depressive Disorders

Wang, I.-C., Buffington, S. A., & Salas, R. (2024) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-024-00349-z · Cited by 24

The parasympathetic and sensory innervation of the proximal and distal colon in male mice

Wang, L., & Taché, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2024.1422403 · Cited by 17

New treatment modalities in Alzheimer's disease

Köseoğlu, E. (2019) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i14.1764 · Cited by 17

Biogastronomy: Factors that determine the biological response to meal ingestion

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A basic solution to activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via the mesothelium?

Mannon, E. C., Sun, J., Wilson, K., Brands, M. W., Quinones, P. M., Baban, B., & O'Connor, P. M. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.007 · Cited by 16

FGF19 in the Hindbrain Lowers Blood Glucose and Alters Excitability of Vagal Motor Neurons in Hyperglycemic Mice

Wean, J., & Smith, B. N. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab021 · Cited by 16

The Gut Microbiome Controls Liver Tumors via the Vagus NervePreprint

Bauer, K. C., Trehan, R., Ruf, B., Myojin, Y., Benmebarek, M.-R., Ma, C., Seifert, M., Nur, A., Qi, J., Huang, P., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.23.576951 · Cited by 18

Vagal nerve activity and cancer prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Huang, W., Lai, H.-Z., Long, J., Ma, Q., Fu, X., You, F.-M., & Xiao, C. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-13956-w · Cited by 19

Analysis of the spinal and vagal afferent innervation of the mouse colon using neuronal retrograde tracers

Osman, S., Tashtush, A. A., Reed, D. E., & Lomax, A. E. (2023) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-023-03769-3 · Cited by 15

Musings on the wanderer: What’s new in our understanding of vago-vagal reflexes? VI. Central vagal circuits that control glucose metabolism

Pitra, S., & Smith, B. N. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00368.2020 · Cited by 15

The model of litter size reduction induces long‐term disruption of the gut‐brain axis: An explanation for the hyperphagia of Wistar rats of both sexes

Rodrigues, V. S. T., de Moura, E. G., Peixoto, T. C., Soares, P. N., Lopes, B. P., Bertasso, I. M., Silva, B. S. D., Cabral, S. S., Kluck, G. E. G., Atella, G. C., et al. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15191 · Cited by 14

Microbiome and Brain Development: A Tale of Two Systems

Cryan, J. F. (2025) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000544950 · Cited by 15

Vagus innervation in the gastrointestinal tumor: Current understanding and challenges

Li, Y., Yuan, W., & Jin, W. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188884 · Cited by 14

Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Pediatric Patients with Anxiety Disorders and Their Relationship to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment or Placebo

Baumel, W. T., Mills, J. A., Schroeder, H. K., Neptune, Z. A., Specht, A. M., Levine, A., & Strawn, J. R. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01586-x · Cited by 14

The Relationship between Diet, Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review

Shamsi, H. S. S. A., Rainey‐Smith, S. R., Gardener, S. L., Sohrabi, H. R., Cánovas, R., Martins, R. N., & Fernando, W. M. A. D. B. (2024) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202300419 · Cited by 17

Maternal Microbiota Transfer Programs Offspring Eating Behavior

Pocheron, A.-L., Dréan, G. L., Billard, H., Moyon, T., Pagniez, A., Heberden, C., Chatelier, E. L., Darmaun, D., Michel, C., & Parnet, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.672224 · Cited by 16

Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries

Cavalcanti‐de‐Albuquerque, J. P., & Donato, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944 · Cited by 16

Involvement of the Dorsal Vagal Complex in Alcohol-Related Behaviors

Keller, B. N., Hajnal, A. S., Browning, K. N., Arnold, A. C., & Silberman, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.801825 · Cited by 16

From sensation to regulation: the diverse functions of peripheral sensory nervous system

Mei, Y., Zhou, B., Zhong, D., Zheng, X.-J., Deng, Y.-T., Yu, L., & Jiang, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1575917 · Cited by 16

The physiology of interoception and its adaptive role in consciousness

Singer, J., & Damásio, A. R. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0305 · Cited by 18

Microglia in systemic neuroimmune communication: functions beyond phagocytosis

Di Pietro, A. A., Powley, S., Perciballi, E., Stewart, M., Therrien, M., & Scott-Hewitt, N. (2026) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2025.12.002 · Cited by 13

Gut Microbiota in Autophagy Regulation: New Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegeneration

Mitra, S., Munni, Y. A., Dash, R., Sadhu, T., Barua, L., Islam, M. A., Chowdhury, D., Bhattacharjee, D., Mazumder, K., & Moon, I. S. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13040957 · Cited by 13

Molecular cell types as functional units of the efferent vagus nerve

Coverdell, T. C., Abbott, S. B. G., & Campbell, J. N. (2023) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.007 · Cited by 14

Can earlobe stimulation serve as a sham for transcutaneous auricular vagus stimulation? Evidence from an alertness study following sleep deprivation

Cheng, C., Xue, X., Jiao, Y., Du, M., Zhang, M., Zeng, X., Sun, J., Qin, W., Deng, H., & Yang, X. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14744 · Cited by 13

Sequencing Analysis and Identification of the Primary Peptide Component of the Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract “Transferon Oral”: The Starting Point to Understand Its Mechanism of Action

Vallejo‐Castillo, L., Favari, L., Vázquez‐Leyva, S., Mellado‐Sánchez, G., Macías-Palacios, Z., López‐Juárez, L. E., Valencia-Flores, L., Medina‐Rivero, E., Chacón‐Salinas, R., Pavón, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.569039 · Cited by 13

Protective effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve in lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute lung injury in rats

Hu, W., Wang, Y., Cheng, B., Xu, L., Zhou, Y., & Wu, L. (2021) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2021.12004 · Cited by 13

Vagal Tone and Proinflammatory Cytokines Predict Feeding Intolerance and Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk

Meister, A. L., Gardner, F. C., Browning, K. N., Travagli, R. A., Palmer, C., & Doheny, K. K. (2021) · Advances in Neonatal Care · doi:10.1097/anc.0000000000000959 · Cited by 13

The Role of Microbiome in Psychiatric Diseases (Insomnia and Anxiety/Depression) with Microbiological Mechanisms

Niazi, M. K., Hassan, F., Tufail, T., Ismail, M. A., & Riaz, K. (2023) · Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research · doi:10.1155/2023/1566684 · Cited by 14

Reliability of parylene-based multi-electrode arrays chronically implanted in adult rat brains, and evidence of electrical stimulation on contact impedance

Torres-Martinez, N., Ratel, D., Crétallaz, C., Gaude, C., Maubert, S., Divoux, J., Henry, C., Guiraud, D., & Sauter-Starace, F. (2019) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab3836 · Cited by 14

Apolipoprotein A-IV Enhances Fatty Acid Uptake by Adipose Tissues of Male Mice via Sympathetic Activation

Zhu, Q., Weng, J., Shen, M., Fish, J., Shen, Z.-J., Coschigano, K. T., Davidson, W. S., Tso, P., Shi, H., & Lo, C. C. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa042 · Cited by 14

Gut–Spinal Cord Axis in Spinal Cord Injury: Bidirectional Inflammatory Mechanisms and Microbiota-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies

Dong, J., Xie, T., Shi, C., Feng, G., Zhang, H., Xu, Z., & Dong, L. (2025) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s543912 · Cited by 12

Time-of-Day-Dependent Gating of the Liver-Spinal Axis Initiates an Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in the Rat

Soto‐Tinoco, E., Santacruz-Martínez, E., Sigales, M. C. B., Guerrero‐Vargas, N. N., & Buijs, R. M. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0463-20.2020 · Cited by 12

Computational motility models of neurogastroenterology and neuromodulation

Barth, B. B., & Shen, X. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.038 · Cited by 12

Psychobiotics in Aquaculture: Harnessing the Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis for Stress Management and Production Enhancement in Fish

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The Microbiome–Neurodegeneration Interface: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions

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