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Bariatric Surgery Provides Long-term Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Regression of Fibrosis
Open accessAbstract
Background and Aims Studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of bariatric surgery for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We evaluated sequential liver samples, collected the time of bariatric surgery and 1 and 5 years later, to assess the long-term effects of bariatric surgery in patients with NASH. Methods We performed a prospective study of 180 severely obese patients with biopsy-proven NASH, defined by the NASH clinical research network histologic scores. The patients underwent bariatric surgery at a single center in France and were followed for 5 years. We obtained liver samples from 125 of 169 patients (76%) having reached 1 year and 64 of 94 patients (68%) having reached 5 years after surgery. The primary endpoint was the resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis at 5 years. Secondary end points were improvement in fibrosis (reduction of ≥1 stage) at 5 years and regression of fibrosis and NASH at 1 and 5 years. Results At 5 years after bariatric surgery, NASH was resolved, without worsening fibrosis, in samples from 84% of patients (n = 64; 95% confidence interval, 73.1%-92.2%). Fibrosis decreased, compared with baseline, in samples from 70.2% of patients (95% CI, 56.6%-81.6%). Fibrosis disappeared from samples from 56% of all patients (95% CI, 42.4%-69.3%) and from samples from 45.5% of patients with baseline bridging fibrosis. Persistence of NASH was associated with no decrease in fibrosis and less weight loss (reduction in body mass index of 6.3 ± 4.1 kg/m 2 in patients with persistent NASH vs reduction of 13.4 ± 7.4 kg/m 2 ; P = .017 with resolution of NASH). Resolution of NASH was observed at 1 year after bariatric surgery in biopsies from 84% of patients, with no significant recurrence between 1 and 5 years ( P = .17). Fibrosis began to decrease by 1 year after surgery and continued to decrease until 5 years ( P < .001). Conclusions In a long-term follow-up of patients with NASH who underwent bariatric surgery, we observed resolution of NASH in liver samples from 84% of patients 5 years later. The reduction of fibrosis is progressive, beginning during the first year and continuing through 5 years.
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“In an observational study, MASH was resolved in 84% of 180 individuals with class 2 obesity and MASH 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (66%), sleeve gastrectomy (12%) or gastric banding (22%).”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [443]
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In the citing paper
“Pioglitazone therapy, GLP-1 RA therapy, and metabolic surgery have all been shown to reduce NASH activity; pioglitazone therapy and metabolic surgery may also improve hepatic fi brosis (188,292 -298).”
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“One of the most promising developments in the field is the growing consensus that liver fibrosis can be a reversible process under certain conditions, particularly if the underlying cause of injury is removed (84–86).”
From Targeting macrophages in liver fibrosis (2026) · cites this paper as [85]
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“Procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are associated with significant metabolic improvements and reductions in NAFLD severity [13,14,15], including reductions in liver fat, liver enzymes, and fibrosis [16,17,18].”
From Impact of Bariatric Surgery and Endoscopic Therapies on Liver Health in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“The reduction of fibrosis is progressive, beginning during the first year and continuing through 5 years [4,127].”
From Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: New Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (2025) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“In a long-term follow-up study of patients with MASH who underwent bariatric surgery, the resolution of MASH in liver samples was observed from 84% of patients 5 years later.”
From Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: New Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (2025) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“Weight loss either through lifestyle intervention68 or bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy)69,70 improves the lipid profile by reducing total TAGs, and increasing PC, PE and HDL concentrations.125”
From Lipid metabolism in MASLD and MASH: From mechanism to the clinic (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, these interventions suggest that, like HCV and HBV, MASH fibrosis is reversible in non-cirrhotic liver, but unlike in HCV and HBV there is no evidence yet that cirrhosis in MASH is reversible (259).”
From Found in translation—Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) (2023) · cites this paper as [259]
In the citing paper
“Wound healing in the liver is dynamic and reversible,105 with ample evidence of fibrosis regression after effective treatment of viral hepatitis, and even following bariatric surgery in patients with NASH.106”
From An integrated view of anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic targets for the treatment of NASH (2023) · cites this paper as [106]
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MethodGLP-1 and GIP agonism has no direct actions in human hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells
Lima, N. D. S., Cabaleiro, A., Nóvoa, E., Riobello, C., Knerr, P. J., He, Y., Esquinas-Román, E. M., González‐García, I., Prévot, V., Schwaninger, M., et al. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05507-6 · Cited by 51
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“A similar study noted that 5-year outcomes were favourable after metabolic surgery, where NASH resolved in 84% of patients, and fibrosis was noted to decrease in 70% of patients and disappear in 56%.(107) The surgical”
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He, Q.-J., Li, Y., Zhao, L.-T., Lin, C.-T., Yu, C., & Wang, D. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.652 · Cited by 51
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Mitochondrial Lipid Homeostasis at the Crossroads of Liver and Heart Diseases
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Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Drivers to Targets
Santos‐Laso, Á., Gutiérrez‐Larrañaga, M., Alonso‐Peña, M., Medina, J. M., Iruzubieta, P., Arias, M., López‐Hoyos, M., & Crespo, J. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10010046 · Cited by 34
Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Indications and post-operative management
Geerts, A. M., & Lefere, S. (2022) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2022.0373 · Cited by 33
“Importantly, in patients with advanced fibrosis (stage 3 fibrosis) at baseline, fibrosis improved in 68% and disappeared in 45% of patients at 5 years.(31) Limited weight loss and less improvement of insulin resistance following BS were associated with the persistence of NASH.”
BackgroundLiver fibrosis and MAFLD: the exploration of multi-drug combination therapy strategies
Dong, Q., Bao, H., Wang, J., Shi, W., Zou, X., Sheng, J., Gao, J., Guan, C., Xia, H., Li, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1120621 · Cited by 31
“It suggests that PPARα modulator and SGLT-2 inhibitor combined treatment has the potential to inhibit the progression of NASH to HCC (78).”
BackgroundInfluentialCurrent challenges and future perspectives in treating patients with NAFLD-related cirrhosis
Mallet, M., Silaghi, C. A., Sultanik, P., Conti, F., Rudler, M., Ratziu, V., Thabut, D., & Pais, R. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000456 · Cited by 31
“BS induces significant changes in the gut-liver axis — increase in Lassailly, 2020 [119] , circulating bile acids, FGF-19, and farnesoid X receptor signaling, [121 – 123] as well as significant changes in the richness and composition of gut microbiota.”
The Relationship between Pathogenesis and Possible Treatments for the MASLD-Cirrhosis Spectrum
Vidal‐Cevallos, P., Sorroza-Martínez, A. P., Chávez-Tapia, N. C., Uribe, M., Montalvo-Jave, E. E., & Nuño‐Lámbarri, N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25084397 · Cited by 32
“Reduces metabolic syndrome, hepatic fat, inflammation, and fibrosis [118–121].”
BackgroundManagement of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Literature Review
Hashem, A. M., Khalouf, A., & Acosta, A. J. (2021) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1731704 · Cited by 31
Authors, & Collaborators: (2022) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1880-2388 · Cited by 30
Research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD/MASH
Wang, D., Miao, J., Zhang, L., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2445780 · Cited by 35
Obesity Management in the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Zunica, E. R. M., Heintz, E. C., Axelrod, C. L., & Kirwan, J. P. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14164051 · Cited by 30
Russo, M. F., Lembo, E., Mari, A., Angelini, G., Verrastro, O., Nanni, G., Pompili, M., Raffaelli, M., Vecchio, F. M., Bornstein, S. R., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa892 · Cited by 28
Younossi, Z. M., Mangla, K. K., Berentzen, T. L., Grau, K., Kjær, M. S., Ladelund, S., Nitze, L. M., Coolbaugh, C. L., Hsu, C.-Y., & Hagström, H. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000423 · Cited by 30
“27] In our study, incidence rates for long-term liver-related and cardio-vascular-related outcomes appeared to be lower overall in patients who underwent weight-loss surgery when compared with those without weight-loss surgery.”
Armandi, A., & Schattenberg, J. M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13061977 · Cited by 28
“showed that NASH resolves in 85% of cases at 1 year after bariatric surgery [11], and an additional beneficial effect on fibrosis can be observed across 5 years following surgery [12].”
BackgroundInfluentialRinella, M. E., & Sookoian, S. C. (2026) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-026-01187-8 · Cited by 31
Koutoukidis, D. A., Jebb, S. A., Tomlinson, J., Cobbold, J., & Aveyard, P. N. (2021) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.03.047 · Cited by 27
Godoy‐Matos, A. F., Valério, C. M., Júnior, W. S. D. S., Neto, J. M. D. A., & Bertoluci, M. C. (2024) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01259-2 · Cited by 30
Nixdorf, L., Hartl, L., Ströhl, S., Felsenreich, D. M., Mairinger, M., Jedamzik, J., Richwien, P., Mozayani, B., Semmler, G., Balcar, L., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67415-w · Cited by 26
Castañé, H., Jiménez-Franco, A., Hernández‐Aguilera, A., Martínez-Navidad, C., Cambra-Cortés, V., Onoiu, A.-I., Jiménez-Aguilar, J. M., París, M., Hernández, M., Parada, D., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105532 · Cited by 26
Liu, Z., Suo, C., Zhao, R., Yuan, H., Li, J., Zhang, T., & Chen, X. (2021) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2021.07.009 · Cited by 25
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapeutic options
Majumdar, A., Verbeek, J., & Tsochatzis, E. A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2021.09.007 · Cited by 26
Karlas, T., Petroff, D., Feisthammel, J., Beer, S., Blüher, M., Schütz, T., Lichtinghagen, R., Hoffmeister, A., & Wiegand, J. (2022) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-022-06150-5 · Cited by 26
“A proven concept for the many patients when the aforementioned options fail is bariatric surgery, which has recently been shown to improve both NASH and overall survival [4, 5].”
BackgroundBariatric Surgery in Cirrhotic Patients: a Matched Case-Control Study
Quezada, N., Maturana, G., Irarrázaval, M. J., Muñoz, R., Morales, S., Achurra, P., Azócar, C., & Crovari, F. J. (2020) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04929-y · Cited by 26
“Therefore, although it seems reasonable to think that optimizing body weight, achieving comorbidity control, and even stabilization or regression of liver fibrosis through bariatric surgery [62] may produce a favorable outcome in PC, the long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in PC are unknown and malnutrition could…”
BackgroundGiannakogeorgou, A., & Roden, M. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17848 · Cited by 30
“135 Of note, metformin is less effective to decrease body weight in people with obesity 136,137 and does not affect liver histology in MASLD including MASH.”
BackgroundInfluentialLiu, H., Lefere, S., Guillot, A., Zheng, M., & Tacke, F. (2025) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000001417 · Cited by 30
HFpEF and MASLD: converging mechanisms and clinical implications
Capone, F., Häseli, S. P., Liu, L., Strocchi, S., Langenberg, C., Lusis, A. J., Pietzner, M., Muoio, D. M., Rider, O. J., Raman, B., et al. (2026) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01257-z · Cited by 35
“In patients with MASLD, bariatric surgery improves steatohepatitis (histological findings) and liver-related outcomes and reduces the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) 333–335 , with a greater benefit when Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the chosen procedure 336,337 .”
Inevitability of disease recurrence after liver transplantation for NAFLD cirrhosis
Villeret, F., Dharancy, S., Erard, D., Abergel, A., Barbier, L. A., Besch, C., Boillot, O., Boudjéma, K., Coilly, A., Conti, F., et al. (2023) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100668 · Cited by 26
Self-citationPlasma short-chain fatty acid changes after bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity
Martínez‐Sánchez, M. A., Román, A. B., Fernández-Ruiz, V. E., Almansa-Saura, S., García-Zafra, V., Ferrer‐Gómez, M., Frutos, M. D., Queipo‐Ortuño, M. I., Ruiz‐Alcaraz, A. J., Núñez‐Sánchez, M. Á., et al. (2023) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2022.12.041 · Cited by 27
Fernández-Sáez, E. M., Losarcos, M., Becerril, S., Valentí, V., Moncada, R., Martín, M., Burrell, M. A., Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Mugueta, C., et al. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155663 · Cited by 26
Au, K., Zheng, M.-H., Lee, W., Ghanem, O. M., Mahawar, K. K., Shabbir, A., le Roux, C. W., Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Yilmaz, Y., et al. (2024) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-024-00582-z · Cited by 24
“In long-term follow-up of MASH patients who received MBS, regression of MASH in liver samples was observed in 84% of patients after 5 years, and the reduction was progressive [52].”
Sarcopenia and MASLD: novel insights and the future
Liu, C., Zeng, Q., Kim, W. K., Kim, S. U., Younossi, Z. M., Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Mantzoros, C. S., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Leclercq, I. A., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01197-7 · Cited by 29
Endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a pilot study
Hadefi, A., Verset, L., Pezzullo, M., Rosewick, N., Degré, D., Gustot, T., Moreno, C., Deviere, J. M. E., & Trépo, E. (2021) · Endoscopy International Open · doi:10.1055/a-1550-7668 · Cited by 23
Bone Health after Bariatric Surgery
Shahraki, M. S., Mahmoudieh, M., Kalidari, B., Melali, H., Mousavi, M., Abadi, M. R. G., Mirhosseini, S. H., & Dehabadi, S. A. M. (2022) · Advanced Biomedical Research · doi:10.4103/abr.abr_182_21 · Cited by 25
“According to the results, this type of surgery improves fatty liver disease, osteopathy, and liver fibrosis.[25,26]”
ResultLalloyer, F., Mogilenko, D. A., Verrijken, A., Haas, J. T., Lamazière, A., Kouach, M., Descat, A., Caron, S., Vallez, E., Derudas, B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.012 · Cited by 26
Towards precision medicine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Francque, S. (2023) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-023-09820-6 · Cited by 25
“Long term follow-up studies with liver biopsies up to 5 years after surgery show a high response rate in terms of NASH resolution [80].”
BackgroundExploring the links between types 2 diabetes and liver‐related complications: A comprehensive review
Sanchez, L. O., Chen, Y., Lassailly, G., & Qi, X. (2023) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12508 · Cited by 26
“114,115 Surgery is already considered a treatment for MASH in morbidly obese individuals.”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeira, G., Becerril, S., Valentí, V., Moncada, R., Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Colina, I., Silva, C., Escalada, J., Frühbeck, G., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.007 · Cited by 25
Lassailly, G., Caiazzo, R. J., Goemans, A., Chetboun, M., Gnemmi, V., Labreuche, J., Baud, G., Verkindt, H., Marciniak, C., Daoud, N. O., et al. (2024) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.10.025 · Cited by 23
Self-citationDiagnostic and Therapy of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Narrative Review
Roeb, E. (2021) · Visceral Medicine · doi:10.1159/000519611 · Cited by 23
Lembo, E., Russo, M. F., Verrastro, O., Anello, D., Angelini, G., Iaconelli, A., Guidone, C., Stefanizzi, G., Ciccoritti, L., Greco, F., et al. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101363 · Cited by 23
NAFLD and type 2 diabetes: A practical guide for the joint management
Genua, I., Iruzubieta, P., Rodríguez-Duque, J. C., Pérez, A., & Crespo, J. (2022) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2022.12.002 · Cited by 23
Jirapinyo, P., Zucker, S. D., & Thompson, C. C. (2022) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002087 · Cited by 23
Ezquerro, S., Tuero, C., Becerril, S., Valentí, V., Moncada, R., Landecho, M. F., Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Mocha, F., Silva, C., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad071 · Cited by 23
Elshaer, A., Chascsa, D. M. H., & Lizaola‐Mayo, B. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14070844 · Cited by 26
“There was no significant recurrence in MASH between 1 and 5 years [111].”
BackgroundMicrobiome−mediated crosstalk between T2DM and MASLD: a translational review focused on function
Jing, M., & Jiang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1677175 · Cited by 24
Costa, G., Cavinato, L., Masci, C., Fiz, F., Sollini, M., Politi, L. S., Chiti, A., Balzarini, L., Aghemo, A., Tommaso, L. D., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13123077 · Cited by 22
“Steatosis and NASH have shown some reversibility with lifestyle modifications, correction of metabolic disorders, and bariatric surgery [14,63,64], but non-invasive diagnosis of CALI is mandatory to verify the effectiveness of any treatment.”
BackgroundLiver Injury and Acute Liver Failure After Bariatric Surgery
Moolenaar, L. R., de Waard, N. E., Heger, M., de Haan, L. R., Slootmaekers, C. P. J., Nijboer, W. N., Tushuizen, M. E., & van Golen, R. F. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001662 · Cited by 22
Alexandre, F., Lapergola, A., Vannucci, M., Pizzicannella, M., D’Urso, A., Saviano, A., Mutter, D., Vix, M., & Perretta, S. (2023) · Journal of Visceral Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2022.12.003 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Lassailly, G., Caiazzo, R., Ntandja-Wandji, L.-C., Gnemmi, V., Baud, G., Verkindt, H., Ningarhari, M., Louvet, A., Leteurtre, E., Raverdy, V., Dharancy, S., Pattou, F., & Mathurin, P.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Pattou, François
- Mathurin, Philippe
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1290-1301.e5
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3034346518
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 56.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-LABX-46, ANR-16-RHUS-0006)
- Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé
- European Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis regression, obesity, long-term outcomes, weight loss, NASH resolution, liver biopsy histology, bridging fibrosis, metabolic surgery, liver cancer risk, liver transplantation risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biopsy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, France, Humans, Liver, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Morbid, Prospective Studies, Remission Induction, Time Factors, Weight Loss, Treatment Outcome, Bariatric Surgery, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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