The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emerging and reemerging fungal infections
Open accessAbstract
Fungal infections throughout the world appear to be increasing. This may in part be due to the increase in the population of patients that are susceptible to otherwise rare fungal infections resulting from the use of immune modulating procedures such as hematopoietic stem cell transplants and drugs like tissue necrosis factor antagonists. Histoplasma capsulatum, an endemic fungus throughout North and South America, is reemerging among HIV+ patients in Central and South America and among patients taking tissue necrosis factor antagonists and other biologics in North America. Fusarium species, a relatively rare fungal infection, is reemerging worldwide in the immunocompromised populations, especially those who are neutropenic like hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. A new yeast species is currently emerging worldwide: Candida auris, unknown just a decade ago. It is causing large healthcare-associated outbreaks on four continents and is spreading throughout the world through patient travel. In this review the epidemiology, pathology, detection and treatment of these three emerging and reemerging fungi will be discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pappas, P. G., Kauffman, C. A., Andes, D. R., Clancy, C. J., Marr, K. A., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Reboli, A. C., Schuster, M. G., Vazquez, J. A., Walsh, T. J., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ933 · Cited by 4,200
Lockhart, S. R., Etienne, K. A., Vallabhaneni, S., Farooqi, J., Chowdhary, A., Govender, N. P., Colombo, A. L., Calvo, B., Cuomo, C. A., Desjardins, C. A., et al. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw691 · Cited by 1,662
Self-citationSatoh, K., Makimura, K., Hasumi, Y., Nishiyama, Y., Uchida, K., & Yamaguchi, H. (2009) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x · Cited by 1,381
Wheat, L. J., Freifeld, A. G., Kleiman, M. B., Baddley, J. W., McKinsey, D. S., Loyd, J. E., & Kauffman, C. A. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/521259 · Cited by 1,376
Pappas, P. G., Kauffman, C. A., Andes, D. R., Clancy, C. J., Marr, K. A., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Reboli, A. C., Schuster, M. G., Vazquez, J. A., Walsh, T. J., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ1194 · Cited by 1,298
Histoplasmosis: a Clinical and Laboratory Update
Kauffman, C. A. (2007) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00027-06 · Cited by 1,200
First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging Candida auris in a European hospital
Schelenz, S., Hagen, F., Rhodes, J. L., Abdolrasouli, A., Chowdhary, A., Hall, A., Ryan, L., Shackleton, J., Trimlett, R., Meis, J. F., et al. (2016) · Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control · doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0132-5 · Cited by 768
Chowdhary, A., Sharma, C., & Meis, J. F. (2017) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006290 · Cited by 750
Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Alexander, B. D., Kett, D. H., Vazquez, J., Pappas, P. G., Saeki, F., Ketchum, P. A., Wingard, J., Schiff, R., Tamura, H., et al. (2005) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/432470 · Cited by 669
Candida auris: a Review of the Literature
Jeffery-Smith, A., Taori, S. K., Schelenz, S., Jeffery, K. J., Johnson, E. M., Borman, A. M., Candida auris Incident Management Team, Manuel, R. J., & Brown, C. S. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00029-17 · Cited by 624
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–168 of 168
Pikula, J., Brichta, J., Seidlova, V., Piaček, V., & Zukal, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269526 · Cited by 4
Montoya, A. M., Rodríguez-Grimaldo, J. E., López-Jácome, L. E., Bonifáz, A., Domínguez, E. E., Castañón-Olivares, L. R., Charles‐Niño, C., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A., Treviño‐Rangel, R. D. J., Rojas, O. C., et al. (2024) · Mycologia · doi:10.1080/00275514.2023.2293296 · Cited by 4
Giordano, A. L. P. L., Rodrigues, M. V. N., dos Santos, K. G. A., Legabão, B. C., Pontes, L., Attili‐Angelis, D., Fantinatti‐Garboggini, F., & Schreiber, A. Z. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252312744 · Cited by 5
Antifungal Activity of a Library of Aminothioxanthones
Cardoso, J., Freitas‐Silva, J., Durães, F., Carvalho, D. T., Gales, L., Pinto, M. M. M., Sousa, E., & Pinto, E. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11111488 · Cited by 4
Emerging Fungi and Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: Current Knowledge and New Developments
Willinger, B. (2021) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof7040316 · Cited by 4
Daele, C. V. D., Martiny, D., Etienne, I., Kemlin, D., Roussoulieres, A. L. S., Sokolow, Y., Germanova, D., Gustot, T., Nobile, L., & Hites, M. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040755 · Cited by 3
Chamorro, M., House, S. A., & George, B. (2025) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2025.05.002 · Cited by 3
Campos-Jiménez, E., Rodríguez-Vargas, R., Trujillo‐Esquivel, E., Camargo-Escalante, M. O., Castro‐Longoria, E., & Martínez‐Soto, D. (2026) · Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2026.103222 · Cited by 3
Caruso, G. R., Curtis, A., Kavanagh, K. A., & Kress, M. R. V. Z. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c03275 · Cited by 2
Malassezia pachydermatis Acquires Resistance to Polyenes in the Laboratory Model
Czyżewska, U., Chmielewska, S., Bartoszewicz, M., & Tylicki, A. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14111162 · Cited by 2
Pancholi, V. (2021) · International Archives of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.23937/2643-4008/1710014 · Cited by 2
Odame, F., Neglo, D., Sedohia, D., & Arthur, R. (2022) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-022-03377-9 · Cited by 2
Lieberman, J. A., & Bourassa, L. A. (2023) · Current Fungal Infection Reports · doi:10.1007/s12281-023-00471-3 · Cited by 2
Chou, C.-H., Chao, Q.-T., Lu, Y.-S., Lee, T.-F., Hsueh, P., Huang, Y., & Liao, C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01048-24 · Cited by 2
Uçar, S., Naik, A. Q., & Zafar, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6948-3_9 · Cited by 2
Ramos, L. S., Silva, L. N., de Mello, T. P., Frota, H. F., Branquinha, M. H., & dos Santos, A. L. S. (2022) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026622666220520153748 · Cited by 2
BIOFILM AND RELATED ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021) · Webology · doi:10.29121/web/v18i2/47 · Cited by 1
Antifungal activity of 6-substituted amiloride and hexamethylene amiloride (HMA) analogs
Vu, K., Buckley, B. J., Bujaroski, R. S., Blumwald, E., Kelso, M. J., & Gelli, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1101568 · Cited by 2
Endolichenic Fungi, an Emerging Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Pharmaceutical Perspective
Pawar, K., Gondalia, S., Shevkar, C., Gopal, E. V., & Kate, A. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5696-8_5 · Cited by 2
PAMKI (2023) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i3.5000 · Cited by 1
Cavalcanti, B. C., Magalhães, I. L., Rodrigues, D. S., Cabral, V. P. D. F., Barbosa, A. D., Sá, L. G. D. A. V., da Silva, L. J., Neto, J. B. D. A., da Silva, C. R., de Moraes, M. O., et al. (2024) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.1080/17460913.2024.2380601 · Cited by 1
TECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS AO DIAGNÓSTICO DE INFECÇÕES FÚNGICAS
do Nascimento, D. A. G., Moura, S. R., & Rezende, G. D. O. (2024) · Revista Contemporânea · doi:10.56083/rcv4n11-137 · Cited by 1
Comprehensive review of fungal pathogenesis and antifungal therapeutics
Neog, B. R., Das, J., Das, B., Pathak, K., Sahariah, M., Saikia, R., & Sahariah, J. J. (2025) · Discover Medicine · doi:10.1007/s44337-025-00297-7 · Cited by 3
Lopes, I., Campos, C., Silva, F., da Costa, R. M. G., Ferreira, L. S., da Rocha, C. Q., Brito, H. O., Capela, J. P., Pinto, E., Medeiros, R., et al. (2025) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia · doi:10.1007/s43450-025-00728-7 · Cited by 1
Comprehensive strategies to defeat Candida auris – challenge and insight: A review
Zhang, J., Zhong, L., Chen, C., Ye, L., Cao, F., Xia, H., & Hong, Y. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046610 · Cited by 2
Potential of orchid as antifungal agent resources: a scoping review
Sityardi, F. S., & Desrini, S. (2021) · Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy · doi:10.22146/ijpther.2325 · Cited by 1
Korol, N. I., Головко-Камошенкова, О. М., Slivka, M. V., Tymoshchyk, S., & Boyko, N. (2022) · Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod University Series «Chemistry» · doi:10.24144/2414-0260.2021.2.49-54 · Cited by 3
Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Combating Emerging and Re-emerging Fungal Infections
Asghari-Paskiabi, F., & Jahanshiri, Z. (2024) · Motaleat-e Tatbiqi-e Honar · doi:10.61186/jommid.12.1.1 · Cited by 2
Barbosa, A. D., Leitão, A. C., de Oliveira, L. C., Rodrigues, D. S., Cabral, V. P. D. F., Moreira, L. E. A., Silveira, M. J. C. B., Barbosa, S. A., de Souza, B. O., Sá, L. G. D. A. V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001850 · Cited by 1
Kumar, M., Kajal, K., Taranum, N., Khyati, Balan, B., Kumar, P., & Dhaulaniya, A. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5165-5_22 · Cited by 1
Ueno, M., Kobayashi, M., Fujie, A., & Shibata, T. (2020) · The Journal of Antibiotics · doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0310-9 · Cited by 1
Editorial: Global excellence in fungal pathogenesis: Central and South America
Alves, L. R., Borges, C. L., & Almeida, F. B. D. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1481806 · Cited by 1
Educational Case: Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Jamshidi, P., Manjee, K. G., Das, S., & Paintal, A. (2019) · Academic Pathology · doi:10.1177/2374289519893086
APP COVIDOSOS UM APLICATIVO PARA AUXILIAR NO TRATAMENTO DE IDOSOS COM COVID-19
Farias, C. B. D. A., da Silva, A. C., Paiva, A. M. S., Alves, J. V. D. S., & Lima, P. F. A. (2021) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1252125064
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-mediated T-DNA Insertional Mutagenesis of Fusarium OxysporumPreprint
Feng, Z., He, D., Gao, S., Han, S., Wei, Y., & Wang, L. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-94347/v1
A Comparison of Histological Staining Methods for Pathogenic Fungi in Humans
Rudasill, J., & Criswell, S. L. (2023) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.11648/j.ijidt.20230801.12
Santos, S. R. D. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2022.tde-22062023-154055
Kashyap, M., Radhakrishnan, A., Singh, P., Sinharay, A., Yogendraiah, K. M., & Anand, S. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394167197.ch19
RNA-based sensitive fungal pathogen detectionPreprint
Micheel, J., Aron, F., Kelani, A. A., Girbardt, C., Blango, M. G., Walther, G., & Wollny, D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559494
Texis, A. P. E., Ocotitla, J. L., Olea, M. D. R. S., Gómez, E. V., & Mazzocco, T. S. (2024) · International Journal of Biological and Natural Sciences · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1594132423017
Endolichenic Fungi as a Source of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds
Mendis, N. N., Ratnayake, I. A., Udukala, D. N., & Paranagama, P. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5696-8_4
Sharma, D. K., Kumar, P., & Ali, D. (2023) · Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities · doi:10.53555/jrtdd.v6i9s(2).2866
Vargas-Junior, V., Guimarães, A. C. R., Caffarena, E. R., & Antunes, D. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c00158
Natural Killer Cells in Microbial Host Defense: Overview with a Focus on Antifungal Activity
Polyak, M. J., Mok, A. C. H., & Mody, C. H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68816-8_23-1
Bohner, F. (2024) · SZTE Repository of Dissertations (University of Szeged) · doi:10.14232/phd.12031
Duarte, L. R. J., Quintero, S. E. G., Argote, J. F. H., & Lizarazú, M. C. B. (2024) · Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico Farmacéuticas · doi:10.15446/rcciquifa.v53n2.114423
Yadav, D. N., Harijan, D., Pogu, S. V., Prabusankar, G., & Rengan, A. K. (2025) · MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications · doi:10.1002/mba2.70004
Dongmei, G., Shi, L., Huang, Y., Lv, Y., Yang, X., & Du, Z. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30071643
Mofokeng, R., Bezuidenhout, C. C., & van Wyk, D. A. B. (2025) · Total Environment Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.temicr.2025.100038
Mandal, S. K., Assaiya, A., & Prakash, V. S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33702-4.00002-5
Haider, S. A., Biniyam, P. D., Sarfraz, I., Majeed, M. N., Ditta, A., Fajar, F., Danazumi, B., Mazhar, N., & Munir, H. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8141196/v1
Akhtar, N., Singh, A., Upadhyay, A. K., & Mannan, M. A.-U. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251875
Akhtar, N., Singh, A., Upadhyay, A. K., & Mannan, M. A.-U. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251884
Akhtar, N., Singh, A., Upadhyay, A. K., & Mannan, M. A.-U. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251887
Akhtar, N., Singh, A., Upadhyay, A. K., & Mannan, M. A.-U. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251881
Akhtar, N., Singh, A., Upadhyay, A. K., & Mannan, M. A.-U. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21251878
Odabas, M. N., Kainz, K., Weinberger, I., Schloffer, K., Riedl, S., Chollet‐Krugler, M., Zweytick, D., Boustié, J., Madeo, F., & Carmona‐Gutiérrez, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1730365
A Calcineurin Inhibitor as an Enhancer of Candida Susceptibility to Anidulafungin
Rovira, I., Montemayor, E., Gil-Alonso, S., Miranda-Cadena, K., Sánchez, F., Quindós, G., Eraso, E., & Jauregizar, N. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c10111
Vanzolini, T., Fiori, V., Mambro, T. D., & Magnani, M. (2026) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152185
Piai, J. M. B., Lippa, V. N. M., Caleffi, E. R., Pangoni, F. B. B., Felipe, M. S., Kioshima, É. S., & Diniz, A. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6c00258
Development and Characterization of Clioquinol Nanocrystals
dos Santos, F. L., Zilles, J. C., Berlitz, S. J., Külkamp‐Guerreiro, I. C., Fuentefría, A. M., & Contri, R. V. (2026) · Drug Analytical Research · doi:10.22456/dar.v10i1.152513
Yin, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhao, M., Zhang, L., Li, R., & Liu, L. (2026) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof12080565
Alby‐Laurent, F., Obadia, T., Gits‐Muselli, M., Bougnoux, M., Brethon, B., Mariani‐Kurkdjian, P., Guitard, J., Botterel, F., Chachaty, É., Sitbon, K., et al. (2026) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.104177
Taş, E., Çetin, B., Yılmazer, A. N., & Işık, T. (2026) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-026-12737-3
Godoy, J., de Andrade, I. B., de Oliveira, E. C., Avellar-Moura, I., Gomes, K. X., da Costa, F. C., de Oliveira, M. K., Taborda, C. P., Guimaraes, A. J., Zancopé‐Oliveira, R. M., et al. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6c04207
Metadata
- Authors
- Lockhart, S. R., & Guarner, J.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lockhart, Shawn R.
- Venue
- Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 177-181
- ISSN
- 0740-2570 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11979780
- OpenAlex
- W2935745971
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Keywords
- emerging fungal infections, Histoplasma capsulatum, Fusarium, Candida auris, HIV, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, immunocompromised patients, neutropenia, healthcare-associated outbreaks, fungal epidemiology, fungal pathology, fungal detection, antifungal therapy
- MeSH terms
- Fungi, Humans, Mycoses, Immunocompromised Host
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
