Histoplasmosis: a Clinical and Laboratory Update

Kauffman, Carol A.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00027-06

Cited by 1,200Fungal Infections and StudiesAntifungal resistance and susceptibilityHistiocytic Disorders and Treatments

Histoplasmosis: a Clinical and Laboratory Update

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Kauffman, Carol A.·2007·Clinical Microbiology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/cmr.00027-06PMC PMC1797635

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Abstract

SUMMARY: Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum occurs commonly in areas in the Midwestern United States and Central America, but symptomatic disease requiring medical care is manifest in very few patients. The extent of disease depends on the number of conidia inhaled and the function of the host's cellular immune system. Pulmonary infection is the primary manifestation of histoplasmosis, varying from mild pneumonitis to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. In those with emphysema, a chronic progressive form of histoplasmosis can ensue. Dissemination of H. capsulatum within macrophages is common and becomes symptomatic primarily in patients with defects in cellular immunity. The spectrum of disseminated infection includes acute, severe, life-threatening sepsis and chronic, slowly progressive infection. Diagnostic accuracy has improved greatly with the use of an assay for Histoplasma antigen in the urine; serology remains useful for certain forms of histoplasmosis, and culture is the ultimate confirming diagnostic test. Classically, histoplasmosis has been treated with long courses of amphotericin B. Today, amphotericin B is rarely used except for severe infection and then only for a few weeks, followed by azole therapy. Itraconazole is the azole of choice following initial amphotericin B treatment and for primary treatment of mild to moderate histoplasmosis.

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Histoplasma capsulatum is an opportunistic pathogen that infects the respiratory system of mammals, causing histoplasmosis.
“Histoplasma capsulatum is another opportunistic pathogen that infects the respiratory system of mammals, causing histoplasmosis (85).”
From Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [85]

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The Major Endemic Mycoses in the Setting of AIDS: Clinical Manifestations
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Histoplasmose disseminee a Histoplasma capsulatum chez un patient presentant un syndrome d'immunodeficience acquise (SIDA). [Disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]
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Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay technique on detecting urinary Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in Argentina.
Marín, E., Messina, F. A., Romero, M., et al. (2023) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Kauffman, C. A.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Kauffman, Carol A.
Venue: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2007-01
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 115-132
ISSN: 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
1098-6618
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00027-06
PMC: PMC1797635
OpenAlex: W2150499428
Cited by: 1,200
References: 176
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 4.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments
Keywords: histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum, pulmonary histoplasmosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, cell-mediated immunity, serology, culture diagnosis, amphotericin B, itraconazole, azole therapy, sepsis
MeSH terms: Amphotericin B, Antifungal Agents, Central Nervous System Diseases, Endocarditis, Histoplasmosis, Humans, Lung Diseases, Fungal, Mediastinitis

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Histoplasmosis: a Clinical and Laboratory Update

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