The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Academic integrity and artificial intelligence: is ChatGPT hype, hero or heresy?
Abstract
Academic integrity in both higher education and scientific writing has been challenged by developments in artificial intelligence. The limitations associated with algorithms have been largely overcome by the recently released ChatGPT; a chatbot powered by GPT-3.5 capable of producing accurate and human-like responses to questions in real-time. Despite the potential benefits, ChatGPT confronts significant limitations to its usefulness in nuclear medicine and radiology. Most notably, ChatGPT is prone to errors and fabrication of information which poses a risk to professionalism, ethics and integrity. These limitations simultaneously undermine the value of ChatGPT to the user by not producing outcomes at the expected standard. Nonetheless, there are a number of exciting applications of ChatGPT in nuclear medicine across education, clinical and research sectors. Assimilation of ChatGPT into practice requires redefining of norms, and re-engineering of information expectations.
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In the citing paper
“Greitemeyer and Kastenmüller (2023) and Currie (2023) indicate that unequal access also has a bearing on academic integrity behaviours and ethical use.”
From Mapping the impact of generative AI in higher education: A scoping review of psychological and equity dimensions. (2026) · cites this paper as Currie (2023)
In the citing paper
“While generative AI has the potential to enhance effectiveness and efficiency in academic endeavors, it also presents opportunities for misuse in the form of academic misconduct and plagiarism (Bin-Nashwan et al., 2023;Currie, 2023).”
From GenAI et al.: Cocreation, Authorship, Ownership, Academic Ethics and Integrity in a Time of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as Currie, 2023
In the citing paper
“Hallucinations have been encountered in various domains, including the content itself and the cited references, including their bibliographic identifiers [12,27-29].”
From Reference Hallucination Score for Medical Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Development and Usability Study (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, AI chatbots encounter a hallucination/fabrication phenomenon recognized early in their use in health care.”
From Reference Hallucination Score for Medical Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Development and Usability Study (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
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Items 201–243 of 243
Chatty Art Labels: Evaluation of a Conversational Museum Guide
Tue, T., Pohl, H., & Merritt, T. (2026) · Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1016/j.daach.2026.e00585
Orsava, J. P. A., Ma, A., Cecchini, M. J., & Kum, J. J. Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1851969
Zhen, X., & Lian, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1845571 · Cited by 1
“Related discussions highlight that the accessibility and fluency of AI outputs may encourage over reliance, which can blur boundaries between support and substitution in students’ writing practices (Currie, 2023; Kong et al., 2024).”
(De)generative AI and research integrity
Selan, J. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-08248-y · Cited by 1
“Professional conference review processes have frequently accepted falsi fi ed abstracts, and a sizable portion of AI-fabricated papers have passed peer review (Currie, 2023).”
InfluentialGenerative AI Research in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review
Edara, S. R., Highum, B., Damania, R. C., Hakimzadeh, N., Awasthi, R., Mishra, S., Kashyap, R., Ramachandran, S. P., Bhattacharyya, A., Khare, A., et al. (2026) · Medical Science Educator · doi:10.1007/s40670-026-02810-8 · Cited by 2
Ullah, A., Rahman, F., Malik, S., AKHTAR, M., Pervaiz, A., Latif, S., & Rahim, S. (2026) · Aposta · doi:10.23900/ra.v24i120.2177
Annweiler, C., Hazzan, M., Moulin, T., Riou, B., Staccini, P., Humbert, M. J. C., & Laffont, I. (2026) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.262.0011
Thinking the unthinkable: Generative AI for collaborative, intra-active policy analysis
Zheng, D., & Hardy, I. J. (2026) · Methodological Innovations · doi:10.1177/20597991261448572
“…output as personal intellectual products (e.g. Perkins, 2023); bias – the reproduction of Eurocentric predispositions and orientations (e.g. Stewart and Zheng, 2024; Zheng and Stewart, 2024) and; fabrication and misinformation – falsifying sources of information (e.g. Balmer, 2023; Currie, 2023).”
George-Reyes, C. E., Bustamante-Ruiz, S. P., Fernández, M. B., & Monzalvo-Serrano, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1816853
Yapay Zekâ Araçlarının Kullanımına İlişkin Akademisyenlerin Deneyim ve Değerlendirmeleri
Yıldızgörür, M. R., & Salman, G. (2026) · SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ İLETİŞİM FAKÜLTESİ AKADEMİK DERGİSİ · doi:10.18094/josc.1698969
Lee, H. (2026) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration · doi:10.11111/jkana.2025.0082
Pham, A. N. M. (2026) · International Conference on Educational and Information Technology · doi:10.1109/iceit68991.2026.11521735
“The growing use of ChatGPT has sparked worrisome issues about plagiarism and academic dishonesty [7], [17].”
Blurring the lines between ranked and potentially predatory journals: A wake-up call for green HRM
Müller‐Camen, M., Neubauer, S. L., Obereder, L., & Thiele, R. (2026) · German Journal of Human Resource Management Zeitschrift für Personalforschung · doi:10.1177/23970022261431601
Artificial intelligence: Moving fast, understanding slowly. Are we leading or just reacting?
Currie, G. M. (2026) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2026.103385
Self-citationMiron, J., & Domsy, C. (2026) · Journal of innovation in polytechnic education. · doi:10.69520/jipe.v8i1.291
Marrocco, G. (2026) · IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine · doi:10.1109/map.2025.3635559 · Cited by 1
Taslim, M., Putra, R. P., Daulay, N., & Bulut, S. (2025) · Jurnal Psikologi · doi:10.22146/jpsi.107932 · Cited by 1
“According to Currie (2023), AI can also increase transparency and fairness in grading, which are important components of academic integrity.”
Tartaglia, Z., & Cevasco, J. (2025) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/escpsi.18.2.2025.21442
Hazemali, D., Gostenčnik, N., & Borovič, M. (2025) · Moderna arhivistika · doi:10.54356/ma/2025/eetz1766
USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE STUDY PROCESS: STUDENTS’ VIEWS
Dobržinskienė, R. (2025) · Public Security and Public Order · doi:10.13165/pspo-25-37-03-03
“ChatGPT, a groundbreaking AI tool, was launched in late 2022 and trained on large amounts of text data from a variety of sources (Currie 2023; Sweeney 2023).”
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“…inaccurate information (Kacena et al., 2024; Lambert & Stevens, 2023; Nugroho et al., 2024), creating hallucinations (Shorey et al., 2024), fabricating of information (Currie, 2023), generating inaccurate references, or even citing non-existent sources (Nugroho et al., 2024; Shorey et al., 2024).”
InfluentialBAID: A Benchmark for Bias Assessment of AI DetectorsPreprint
Basu, P., Zhang, Y., & Raheja, V. (2025) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.11505
“In parallel, educators have expressed growing unease over the use of generative tools in academic settings (Currie, 2023).”
Cheema, E. U., Rehman, S., Altaf, R., & Ahmad, Z. (2025) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-025-09690-4
“A serious threat to these fundamental values in the form of fabrication, falsification, cheating and plagiarism raises a big concern for institutes and academicians (Geoffrey & Currie, 2023).”
Rafael, J. M. (2025) · HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - SOCIAL SCIENCES · doi:10.46223/hcmcoujs.soci.en.16.7.4466.2026 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, the convenience of AI tools may tempt students to present AI-generated work as their own, undermining the integrity of academic assessments and depriving them of the learning opportunities inherent in authentic effort (Currie, 2023).”
Sharma, A., & Desplaces, D. (2025) · Journal of Education for Business · doi:10.1080/08832323.2025.2552668
“Performance outcomes in simulation-based education are inconsistent (Connolly et al., 2012; Hernández-Lara et al., 2019; Parnell & Crandall, 2021; Tao et al., 2015), raising ethical, practical, and pedagogical concerns (Anders, 2023; Atlantic, 2024; Currie, 2023).”
GenAI in private higher education: Student insights by gender, study level, and delivery mode
Pramjeeth, S. (2025) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Education Research · doi:10.38140/ijer-2025.vol7.2.08
“While tools like Grammarly are widely accepted, ChatGPT remains controversial (Currie, 2023).”
Comparing the performance of ChatGPT and Chatsonic on PLAB-style questions: a cross-sectional study
Prakash, R., Pathak, K., Manjula, P., Moiz, S. A., & Mehmood, K. (2025) · International Journal of Advances in Medicine · doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20252532
Zhmud, O., Dehtiarova, N., Viunenko, O., Hryhorenko, V., Lantukh, I., & Didkivskyi, O. (2025) · 2025 MIPRO 48th ICT and Electronics Convention · doi:10.1109/mipro65660.2025.11131748
Bouchelouche, K., & Sathekge, M. M. (2025) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.04.001
References, Paraphrases and Quotations: Essentials for Writing a Non-plagiarized Text
Peters, M., Boies, T., Vincent, F., & Beauchemin-Roy, S. (2025) · Journal of Academic Writing · doi:10.18552/joaw.v15is1.1071
From Chatting to Cheating: How Can Ethical Considerations Be Ensured in this AI-Driven Research Era?
Benaissa, M., Attou, Y., Seddik, M., & Nfissi, A. (2025) · International Journal of Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.36892/ijlls.v7i1.1996 · Cited by 3
“To maintain ethical norms and protect the integrity of study findings, informed consent must be obtained (Sullivan, et. al,2023) F. Maintaining scientific rigor in AI-driven research processes According to Currie (2023) (Dempere, et al., 2023).”
Samal, J. (2025) · International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences · doi:10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_64_25
Göktaş, L. S. (2024) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v12i4.2445 · Cited by 1
“Valuable instructor feedback and guidance can be reduced, hindering students' learning and development (Grassini, 2023).”
Evaluating Chatbot Assistance in Historical Document Analysis
Hazemali, D., Osojnik, J., Onič, T., Todorović, T., & Borovič, M. (2024) · Moderna arhivistika · doi:10.54356/ma/2024/biub3010 · Cited by 5
Awala, E. V. (2024) · International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews · doi:10.55248/gengpi.5.1224.3529
Knowledge Map Analysis of Artificial intelligence and Higher Education Based on Citespace
Cai, L.-H. (2024) · ICAIE · doi:10.1145/3722237.3722244
“The challenges posed by the application of artificial intelligence in higher education mainly include academic integrity and plagiarism issues, etc. [4].”
ChatGPT in Ultrasound Medicine: Potential Applications and Challenges
Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Ling, W., Zhu, Y., & Xiao, L. (2024) · IT Professional · doi:10.1109/mitp.2024.3479931
“17 In Authorized licensed Restrictions apply. terms of data analysis and result interpretation, complex ultrasound clinical data can be analyzed, and the results can be interpreted.”
Addressing emerging issues in entomology: 2023 student debates
Pickens, V., Maille, J. M., Pitt, W. J., Ellis, J. T., Salgado, S., Tims, K. M., Edwards, C.-C., Peavy, M., Williamson, Z., Musgrove, T. R. T., et al. (2024) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jisesa/ieae080
“Disclosing AI usage combats the potential for AI-generated errors to erode scientific credibility by clarifying the origins of potential inaccuracies that would otherwise be contributed to the scientists (Currie 2023).”
BackgroundLearning modules: transparency in assessment in law courses
Houghton, J. (2024) · The Law Teacher · doi:10.1080/03069400.2024.2359863
Tariq, R., Casillas-Muñoz, F. A. G., Ashraf, W. M., & Soledad, M. (2024) · International Conference on Engineering & Computing Technologies (ICECT) · doi:10.1109/icect61618.2024.10581394 · Cited by 2
“Currie [14] has pointed out the consequences arising from the misuse of GPT for academic and journalistic assignments, emphasizing the need to innovate the mechanisms for the authentication of the content generated and to attribute the authorship for the case where the line between GPT and…”
BackgroundBouchelouche, K., & Sathekge, M. (2023) · Seminars in nuclear medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.06.008
Aslan, E. G. T., Yıldırım, G., İşleyen, S. K., & Aslan, İ. (2026) · Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences · doi:10.14744/sigma.2026.2092
“GPT models were first introduced by Radford et al. [3] and are designed to generate human-like language by predicting the next word in a sequence of text based on the previous words [4].”
Towards Possibilities & Impossibilities of AI-generated Text Detection: A Survey
Ghosal, S. S., Chakraborty, S., Geiping, J., Huang, F., Manocha, D., & Bedi, A. S. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.15264 · Cited by 3
“• Scenarios: – Plagiarism Detection: Detecting AI-generated essays or reports submitted as original work by students in educational institutions is a persistent concern (Sullivan et al., 2023; Currie, 2023; Perkins, 2023).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Currie, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Charles Sturt University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Currie, Geoffrey M.
- ORCID
- Currie, Geoffrey M.
- Venue
- Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-09
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 719-730
- ISSN
- 0001-2998 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4377234252
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 35
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Seminars in Nuclear Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, academic integrity, artificial intelligence, GPT-3.5, large language models, nuclear medicine education, radiology, scientific writing, professional ethics, clinical implementation of AI, artificial intelligence in research
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Nuclear Medicine
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