Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury
Open accessAbstract
Bile duct changes are atypical of autoimmune hepatitis. Our aims were to assess the frequency and significance of these changes in classical disease. Liver biopsy specimens were reviewed under code from 84 patients who satisfied international scoring criteria for autoimmune hepatitis, and the findings were correlated with clinical features and outcome. Twenty patients (24%) had biliary changes, including 6 with destructive cholangitis, 4 with ductopenia, and 10 with nondestructive cholangitis. Patients with and without bile duct changes had similar laboratory findings. Diagnostic scores for autoimmune hepatitis were lower in patients with bile duct changes (16.6 ± 0.6 vs. 19.1 ± 0.2, P < .0001). The frequencies of scores sufficient for a definite (80% vs. 97%, P = .03) or probable diagnosis (20% vs. 3%, P = .03) were also less in this group. Patients with destructive cholangitis and/or ductopenia responded as well to therapy as patients with nondestructive cholangitis, and outcomes in each group were similar to those of patients without biliary changes. We concluded that biliary changes can occur in classic autoimmune hepatitis, and they are not associated with distinctive clinical features or treatment response. They may be coincidental findings associated with classic disease or weak expressions of a variant syndrome. In the absence of a cholestatic clinical syndrome, they do not compel a different management strategy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Acute AIH may be accompanied by considerable bile duct damage.
“as well as that acute AIH may be associated with considerable bile duct damage [170].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [170]
The Discussion reports that bile duct injury, including destructive cholangitis and ductopenia, can occur in classic autoimmune hepatitis. The Frequency of Cholangitis and Ductopenia section reports these findings in specimens obtained at presentation, but the paper does not establish that those patients had acute-onset AIH; presentation is not the same as acute disease. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAMA can be present in acute hepatitis, with titres usually falling over time.
“AMA may be present in patients with acute hepatitis, with titres usually decreasing over time;”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [170]
The Study Population section reports that none of the 84 patients with autoimmune hepatitis had antimitochondrial antibodies. The Clinical and Laboratory Assessments section describes antibody testing, but neither section addresses AMA in acute hepatitis or whether AMA titres usually decline over time. Searches for acute hepatitis and serial AMA titres found no passage supporting the claim. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis.
Ishak, K., Baptista, A., Bianchi, L., Callea, F., Groote, J. D., Gudat, F., Denk, H., Desmet, V., Korb, G., Macsween, R. N., et al. (1995) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/0168-8278(95)80226-6 · Cited by 5,290 · see citing works
Alvarez, F., Berg, P. A., Bianchi, F. B., Bianchi, L., Burroughs, A. K., Cancado, E. L., Chapman, R. W., Cooksley, W. G. E., Czaja, A. J., Desmet, V. J., et al. (1999) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(99)80297-9 · Cited by 2,903 · see citing works
Self-citationMeeting report: International autoimmune hepatitis group
Johnson, P. J., & McFarlane, I. G. (1993) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840180435 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Chazouillères, O., Wendum, D., Serfaty, L., Montembault, S., Rosmorduc, O., & Poupon, R. (1998) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510280203 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Bach, N., Thung, S. N., & Schaffner, F. (1992) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840150403 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Summerskill, W. H. J., Korman, M. G., Ammon, H. V., & Baggenstoss, A. H. (1975) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.16.11.876 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease
Czaja, A. J. (1998) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510280210 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citationSensitivity, specificity, and predictability of biopsy interpretations in chronic hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., & Carpenter, H. A. (1993) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)91081-r · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citationSoloway, R. D., Baggenstoss, A. H., Schoenfield, L. J., & Summerskill, W. H. J. (1971) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02235164 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Lohse, A. W., zum Büschenfelde, K.-H. M., Franz, B., Kanzler, S., Gerken, G., & Dienes, H.-P. (1999) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510290409 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Michieletti, P., Wanless, I. R., Katz, A., Scheuer, P. J., Yeaman, S. J., Bassendine, M. F., Palmer, J. M., & Heathcote, E. J. (1994) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.35.2.260 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Autoimmune cholangiopathy: Part of the spectrum of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
Ben‐Ari, Z., Dhillon, A. P., & Sherlock, S. (1993) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840180103 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Czaja, A. J., Manns, M. P., & Homburger, H. A. (1992) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(92)91518-9 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Variant Forms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00009 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationBoberg, K. M., FAUSA, O., Haaland, T., Holter, E., Mellbye, O. J., Spurkland, A., & Schrumpf, E. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510230612 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The validity and importance of subtypes in autoimmune hepatitis: a point of view.
Czaja, A. J., & Manns, M. P. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationFrequency and Significance of Antibodies to Actin in Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., Cassani, F., Cataleta, M., Valentini, P., & Bianchi, F. B. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510240515 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationBaggenstoss, A. H., Soloway, R. D., Summerskill, W. H. J., Elveback, L. R., & Schoenfield, L. J. (1972) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(72)80072-8 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation
Nikias, G. A., Batts, K. P., & Czaja, A. J. (1994) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(94)80251-3 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for an overlap syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Gohlke, F., Lohse, A. W., Dienes, H. P., Löhr, H. F., Märker‐Hermann, E., Gerken, G., & Büschenfelde, K. M. Z. (1996) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(96)80266-2 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Perdigoto, R., Carpenter, H. A., & Czaja, A. J. (1992) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/0168-8278(92)90178-r · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationCzaja, A. J., Davis, G. L., Ludwig, J., & Taswell, H. F. (1984) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840040409 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune Hepatitis Overlapping With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Five Cases
McNair, A., Moloney, M. M., Portmann, B. C., Williams, R. L., & McFarlane, I. G. (1998) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.224_a.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Autoantibodies in liver disease
Czaja, A. J., & Homburger, H. A. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.20223 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune cholangitis within the spectrum of autoimmune liver disease
Czaja, A. J., Carpenter, H. A., Santrach, P. J., & Moore, B. S. (2000) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2000.7878 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of scoring system for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., & Carpenter, H. A. (1996) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02093820 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic predispositions for the immunological features of chronic active hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., Carpenter, H. A., Santrach, P. J., & Moore, B. S. (1993) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840180411 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationCzaja, A. J., Nishioka, M., MORSHED, S. A., & Hachiya, T. (1994) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90078-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationLudwig, J., Czaja, A. J., Dickson, E. R., LaRusso, N. F., & Wiesner, R. H. (1984) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00914.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, S. L., Dean, P. J., & Riely, C. A. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Biopsy Findings and Clinical Correlations
Burgart, L. J., Batts, K. P., Ludwig, J., Nikias, G. A., & Czaja, A. J. (1995) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-199506000-00010 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationGeubel, A., Baggenstoss, A. H., & Summerskill, W. H. J. (1976) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(76)80453-2 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Rabinovitz, M., Demetris, A. J., Bou-Abboud, C. F., & Thiel, D. H. V. (1992) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01296509 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
A novel histological lesion in glucocorticoid-responsive chronic hepatitis
Pratt, D., Fawaz, K. A., Rabson, A. R., Dellelis, R., & Kaplan, M. M. (1997) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9247489 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Drug Therapy in the Management of Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (1999) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199957010-00005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationChronic Active Hepatitis: The Challenge for a New Nomenclature
Czaja, A. J. (1993) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00011 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationPrimary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome
Duclos‐Vallée, J., Hadengue, A., Ganne‐Carrié, N., Robin, E. T., Degott, C., & Erlinger, S. (1995) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02064201 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Histologic features in autoimmune hepatitis.
Dienes, H. P., Popper, H., Manns, M. P., Baumann, W., Thoenes, W., & Büschenfelde, K. H. M. Z. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Autoimmune hepatitis: a histological variant associated with prominent centrilobular necrosis
Te, H. S., KOUKOULIS, G. N., & Ganger, D. R. (1997) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.41.2.269 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
THE OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ABNORMAL BILE DUCT EPITHELIUM IN CHRONIC AGGRESSIVE HEPATITIS
Christoffersen, P., Dietrichson, O., Faber, V., & Poulsen, H. (1972) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00283.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Koskinas, J. S., Rapts, I., Manika, Z., & Hadziyannis, S. J. (1999) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-199912000-00014 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Summerskill, W. H. J. (1975) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01071200 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Li, C., Tong, M. J., Hwang, S., Luo, J., Co, R. L., Tsay, S., Chang, F., & Lee, S. (2000) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02054.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Autoimmune cholangiopathy: Part of the spectrum of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
Ben‐Ari, Z. (1993) · Hepatology · doi:10.1016/0270-9139(93)90499-d · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Boberg, K. M. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.1996.v23.pm0008675153 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Overlap syndrome between autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis in two cases
Griga, T., Tromm, A., Müller, K., & May, B. (2000) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-200012050-00014 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Frequency and significance of antibodies to actin in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. M. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.1996.v24.pm0008903377 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent-Onset Autoimmune Hepatitis Biopsy Findings and Clinical Correlations
Burgart, L. J., Batts, K. P., Ludwig, J., Nikias, G. A., & Czaja, A. J. (1995) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-199511000-00024 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
(1995) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)28524-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [11]11. Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Autoimmune hepatitis. In: MacSween RNM, Anthony PP, Scheuer PJ, Burt AD, Portmann B, Ishak KG, eds. Pathology of the Liver. 4th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone (in press).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hirschfield, G. M., Beuers, U., Corpechot, C., Invernizzi, P., Jones, D., Marzioni, M., & Schramm, C. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.022 · Cited by 1,480 · see citing works
Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis
Manns, M. P., Czaja, A. J., Gorham, J. D., Krawitt, E. L., Mieli-Vergani, G., Vergani, D., & Vierling, J. M. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23584 · Cited by 1,442 · see citing works
Self-citationEASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis
(2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.030 · Cited by 1,245 · see citing works
Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., & Freese, D. K. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.34944 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Self-citationBoberg, K. M., Chapman, R. W., Hirschfield, G. M., Lohse, A. W., Manns, M. P., & Schrumpf, E. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.09.002 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Autoimmune hepatitis – Update 2015
Manns, M. P., Lohse, A. W., & Vergani, D. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.005 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Advances in the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., & Manns, M. P. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.053 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationHeneghan, M. A., Yeoman, A. D., Verma, S., Smith, A. D., & Longhi, M. S. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62163-1 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis
Gleeson, D. C., & Heneghan, M. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2010.235259 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Primary biliary cirrhosis: A 2010 update
Poupon, R. Y. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.11.027 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Zignego, A. L., Ferri, C., Pileri, S. A., Caini, P., & Bianchi, F. B. (2006) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2006.06.008 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Drug-Induced Autoimmune-Like Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2011) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1611-4 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationHepatopancreatobiliary manifestations and complications associated with inflammatory bowel disease
Navaneethan, U., & Shen, B. (2010) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21219 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Current Status and Future Directions
Czaja, A. J. (2016) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl15352 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationCzaja, A. J. (2007) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e328034f234 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term follow-up of antimitochondrial antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis
O'Brien, C., Joshi, S., Feld, J. J., Guindi, M., Dienes, H. P., & Heathcote, E. J. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22380 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Webb, G. J., Hirschfield, G. M., Krawitt, E. L., & Gershwin, M. E. (2017) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043534 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Hofer, H., Oesterreicher, C., Wrba, F., Ferenci, P., & Penner, E. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.029348 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Evolution of autoimmune hepatitis to primary sclerosing cholangitis: A sequential syndrome
Abdo, A., Bain, V. G., Kichian, K., & Lee, S. S. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.37200 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Abdalian, R., Dhar, P., Jhaveri, K. S., Haider, M. A., Guindi, M. M., & Heathcote, J. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22073 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Incidence and Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Jiménez‐Rivera, C., Ling, S. C., Ahmed, N., Yap, J. Y. K., Aglipay, M., Barrowman, N., Graitson, S., Critch, J., Rashid, M., Ng, V. L., et al. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0578 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Review article: overlap syndromes and autoimmune liver disease
Trivedi, P. J., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2012) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05223.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Autoimmune biliary diseases: primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Sarcognato, S., Sacchi, D., Grillo, F., Cazzagon, N., Fabris, L., Cadamuro, M., Cataldo, I., Covelli, C., Mangia, A., & Guido, M. (2021) · Pathologica · doi:10.32074/1591-951x-245 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Autoimmune hepatitis: new paradigms in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management
Oo, Y. H., Hübscher, S. G., & Adams, D. (2010) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-010-9183-5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Autoimmune liver disease: overlap and outliers
Washington, M. K. (2007) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800684 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Assessment of the histopathological key features in autoimmune hepatitis
de Boer, Y. S., van Nieuwkerk, C. M. J., Lissenberg-Witte, B. I., Mulder, C. J. J., Bouma, G., & Bloemena, E. (2014) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.12558 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The clinical phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis: A comprehensive review
Wang, Q., Yang, F., Miao, Q., Krawitt, E. L., Gershwin, M. E., & Ma, X. (2015) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2015.10.006 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Carpenter, H. A., & Czaja, A. J. (2002) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00022-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune Hepatitis With Centrilobular Necrosis
Misdraji, J., Thiim, M., & Graeme‐Cook, F. (2004) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-200404000-00006 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Prevalence of sclerosing cholangitis in adults with autoimmune hepatitis
Lewin, M., Vilgrain, V., Ozenne, V., Lemoine, M., Wendum, D., Paradis, V., Ziol, M., Arrivé, L., Beaugrand, M., Poupon, R. Y., et al. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23024 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Terada, R., Yamamoto, K., Hakoda, T., Shimada, N., Okano, N., Baba, N., Ninomiya, Y., Gershwin, M. E., & Shiratori, Y. (2003) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000067498.89585.06 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lüth, S., Kanzler, S., Frenzel, C., Kasper, H. U., Dienes, H. P., Schramm, C., Galle, P. R., Herkel, J., & Lohse, A. W. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e318157c614 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Treatment challenges and investigational opportunities in autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., Bianchi, F. B., Carpenter, H. A., Krawitt, E. L., Lohse, A. W., Manns, M. P., McFarlane, I. G., Mieli‐Vergani, G., Toda, G., Vergani, D., et al. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20539 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnostic and therapeutic implications of bile duct injury in autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J., Muratori, P., Muratori, L., Carpenter, H. A., & Bianchi, F. B. (2004) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2004.0924.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis and Management of the Overlap Syndromes of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2013/198070 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis After Liver Transplantation
Czaja, A. J. (2012) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2179-3 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationS2k Leitlinie Autoimmune Lebererkrankungen
Authors, Collaborators:, durch:, E. B., Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, V. U. S. (. (., (DGIM), D. G. F. I. M., (DCCV), D. M. C. U. V., e.V., D. L., (DEGUM), D. G. F. U. I. D. M., (DGE-BV), D. G. F. E. U. B. V., (DGKJ), D. G. F. K. U. J., et al. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-120199 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Heurgué, A., Vitry, F., Diebold, M.-D., Yaziji, N., Bernard-Chabert, B., Pennaforte, J.-L., Picot, R., Louvet, H., Frémond, L., Geoffroy, P., et al. (2007) · Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique · doi:10.1016/s0399-8320(07)89323-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Pathology of autoimmune hepatitis
Covelli, C., Sacchi, D., Sarcognato, S., Cazzagon, N., Grillo, F., Baciorri, F., Fanni, D., Cacciatore, M., Maffeis, V., & Guido, M. (2021) · Pathologica · doi:10.32074/1591-951x-241 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Antimitochondrial Antibodies: from Bench to Bedside
Colapietro, F., Lleò, A., & Generali, E. (2021) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-021-08904-y · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Olsson, R., Glaumann, H., Almer, S., Broomé, U., Lebrun, B., Bergquist, A., Björnsson, E., Prytz, H., Danielsson, Å., & Lindgren, S. (2009) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.06.004 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Overlap Syndromes of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2012) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2367-1 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationDifficult treatment decisions in autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2010) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i8.934 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal Disparities and Their Implications in the Occurrence and Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2017) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4675-y · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune overlapping syndromes
Poupon, R. Y. (2003) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(03)00092-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Current concepts in autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2005) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s1665-2681(19)32081-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationBjornsson, E. S., Talwalkar, J. A., Treeprasertsuk, S., Neuhauser, M., & Lindor, K. D. (2010) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.07.016 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Unmet clinical need in autoimmune liver diseases
Dyson, J. K., Webb, G., Hirschfield, G. M., Lohse, A., Beuers, U., Lindor, K., & Jones, D. E. J. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cholestatic phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2014) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.08.039 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationMontaño‐Loza, A. J., Carpenter, H. A., & Czaja, A. J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181587d18 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoantibodies in Autoimmune Liver Disease
Czaja, A. J. (2005) · Advances in clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-2423(05)40004-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationCzaja, A. J., Shums, Z., & Norman, G. L. (2002) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/0891693021000054101 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2014) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.004 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune hepatitis: East meets west
Yang, F., Wang, Q., Bian, Z., Ren, L., Jia, J., & Ma, X. (2015) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.12952 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Transitioning from Idiopathic to Explainable Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2015) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3708-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationReview article: the management of autoimmune hepatitis beyond consensus guidelines
Czaja, A. J. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12381 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Álvarez, F. (2006) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2005.10.009 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Zhao, F.-R., Chen, J., & Chen, W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092267 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Beuers, U. H. (2004) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.11.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Presence of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Nezu, S., Tanaka, A., Yasui, H., Imamura, M., Nakajima, H., Ishida, H., & Takahashi, S. (2006) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04434.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Clinical Features, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis in the Elderly
Czaja, A. J. (2008) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200825030-00005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationYokokawa, J., Saito, H., Kanno, Y., Honma, F., Monoe, K., Sakamoto, N., Abe, K., Takahashi, A., Yokokawa, H., & Ohira, H. (2009) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06018.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Celiac Disease–Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis in Childhood
Nastasio, S., Sciveres, M., Riva, S., Filippeschi, I. P., Vajro, P., & Maggiore, G. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31828b1dfa · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Non-classical phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis and advances in diagnosis and treatment
Czaja, A. J., & Bayraktar, Y. (2009) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.15.2314 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationShiha, G. E.-S., & Zalat, K. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20110 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Verdonk, R. C., Lozano, M., van den Berg, A. P., & Gouw, A. S. H. (2016) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13083 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Czaja, A. J. (2005) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.037 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnostic utility of IgG and IgM immunohistochemistry in autoimmune liver disease
Moreira, R. K. (2010) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i4.453 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Autoimmune hepatitis in special patient populations
Czaja, A. J. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2011.09.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAutoimmune sclerosing cholangitis: Evidence and open questions
Beretta‐Piccoli, B. T., Vergani, D., & Mieli‐Vergani, G. (2018) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.008 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Comparison of clinical features and liver histology in acute and chronic autoimmune hepatitis
Iwai, M., Jo, M., Ishii, M., Mori, T., & Harada, Y. (2008) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00347.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Overlap Syndromes of Cholestatic Liver Diseases and Auto-Immune Hepatitis
Schramm, C., & Lohse, A. W. (2005) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1385/criai:28:2:105 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Juvenile autoimmune hepatitis: Spectrum of the disease
Maggiore, G. (2014) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v6.i7.464 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bioreactors for Extracorporeal Liver Support
Gerlach, J. C. (2006) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.3727/000000006783982296 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINES Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Manns, M. P., Czaja, A. J., Gorham, J. D., Krawitt, E. L., Mieli‐Vergani, G., Vergani, D., & Ling, S. C. (2010) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationSequential presentation of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis
Efe, C., Ozaslan, E., Heurgué-Berlot, A., Kav, T., Masi, C., Purnak, T., Torgutalp, M., Muratori, L., Bresson-Hadni, S., Thiéfin, G., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000000075 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dinani, A. M., Fischer, S. E., Mosko, J., Guindi, M., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2012) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.010 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Autoimmune hepatitis. Part B: diagnosis
Czaja, A. J. (2007) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/17474124.1.1.129 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationHistology of Autoimmune Hepatitis and its Variants
Guindi, M. M. (2010) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2010.07.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis with Acute Presentation
Shen, Y., Lu, C., Men, R., Liu, J., Ye, T., & Yang, L. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1155/2018/3513206 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hepatobiliary disorders and complications of inflammatory bowel disease
Venkatesh, P. G. K., Navaneethan, U., & Shen, B. (2011) · Journal of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00511.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis
Gleeson, D. C., Bornand, R., Brownlee, A., Dhaliwal, H., Dyson, J. K., Hails, J., Henderson, P., Kelly, D. A., Mells, G. F., Miquel, R., et al. (2025) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333171 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Biliary features in liver histology of children with autoimmune liver disease
Giorgio, A. D., D’Adda, A., Marseglia, A., Sonzogni, A., Licini, L., Nicastro, E., & D’Antiga, L. (2019) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-019-09948-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis
González, R. S., & Washington, K. M. (2018) · Surgical pathology clinics · doi:10.1016/j.path.2018.02.010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Acute hepatitis E: A cause of lymphocytic destructive cholangitis
Wendum, D., Nachury, M., Yver, M., Lémann, M., Fléjou, J., Janin, A., & Bertheau, P. (2005) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2005.01.006 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Extracorporeal support of the failing liver
Mitzner, S. R., Stange, J., Peszynski, P., & Klammt, S. (2002) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00075198-200204000-00014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Czaja, A. J. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2013/981086 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationREVIEWS IN BASIC AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
Lynch, J. P., Metz, D. C., Schuppan, D., Junker, Y., & Barisani, D. (2009) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The many faces and pathologic diagnostic challenges of autoimmune hepatitis
Zhang, X., & Jain, D. (2022) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2022.06.019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Clinical features of antinuclear antibodies‐negative type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Miyake, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Kobashi, H., Yasunaka, T., Ikeda, F., Takaki, A., Okamoto, R., Takaguchi, K., Ikeda, H., Makino, Y., et al. (2008) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00454.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Serum Immunological Profile in Patients with Chronic Autoimmune Cholestasis
Romero‐Gómez, M., Wichmann, I., Crespo, J., Parés, A. R., Rodrigo, L., Álvarez, A. J., Moisés Diago, M., Pons‐Romero, F., Sánchez-Muñoz, D., Aguilar‐Reina, J., et al. (2004) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40416.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes
Vogel, A., Wedemeyer, H. H., Manns, M. P., & Strassburg, C. P. (2002) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.17.s3.33.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Management of patients with difficult autoimmune hepatitis
Parker, R., Oo, Y. H., & Adams, D. (2012) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/1756283x12450251 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Diagnostic approach to autoimmune hepatitis
Muratori, P., Lenzi, M., Cassani, F., Lalanne, C., & Muratori, L. (2017) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2017.1327355 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A deep-learning-based model for assessment of autoimmune hepatitis from histology: AI(H)
Ercan, C., Kordy, K., Knuuttila, A., Zhou, X., Kumar, D., Koponen, V., Mesenbrink, P. G., Eppenberger‐Castori, S., Amini, P., Pedrosa, M. C., et al. (2024) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/s00428-024-03841-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Diagnosing clinical subsets of autoimmune liver diseases based on a multivariable model
Zeniya, M., Watanabe, F., Morizane, T., Shibata, M., Maeyama, S., Kage, M., Nakanuma, Y., & Toda, G. (2005) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-005-1713-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sato, Y., Harada, K., Sudo, Y., Watanabe, K., Nakahama, T., Morimoto, H., & Nakanuma, Y. (2002) · Pathology International · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.2002.01377.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
AbouSamra, M. M., Elgohary, R., & Mansy, S. S. (2022) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122539 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Variant syndromes of primary biliary cholangitis
Schulz, L., Sebode, M., Weidemann, S. A., & Lohse, A. W. (2018) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2018.06.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
New insights into autoimmune liver diseases
Kumagi, T., Alswat, K., Hirschfield, G. M., & Heathcote, J. (2008) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00366.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Czaja, A. J., & Carpenter, H. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Czaja, Albert J.
- ORCID
- Czaja, Albert J.
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 659-665
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2095515459
- Semantic Scholar
- 9a8a164f90e4ec1627abaf299b760e0935168d5c
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › IgG4-Related and Inflammatory Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- autoimmune hepatitis, bile duct injury, cholangitis, ductopenia, liver biopsy histology, treatment response, clinical outcomes, cholestatic syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bile Ducts, Cholangitis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Hepatitis, Autoimmune
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
